Tip 1: Which animals, fish, and birds have the best vision?

Tip 1: Which animals, fish, and birds have the best vision?



Without any doubt, in animals the sense organsmuch better than in humans. While some representatives of the fauna have excellent hearing, others can boast of excellent vision and impeccable sense of smell. One of the most unique animals in the world recognized creatures that have surprisingly sharp eyesight.





The most acute sight in the world is a peregrine falcon

















Amazing cat's vision

Cats are typical night predators. For fruitful hunting, they need to maximize the use of all their senses. The "calling card" of all cats without exception is their unique night vision. The cat's pupil can expand up to 14 mm, letting in the eye a huge light beam. This allows them to see perfectly in the darkness. In addition, the cat's eye, like the moon, reflects light: this explains the glow of the cat's eyes in the dark.

All-seeing pigeon

Pigeons have an amazing feature invisual perception of the surrounding world. Their viewing angle is 340 °. These birds see objects located at a much greater distance than people see them. That is why at the end of the 20th century, the US Coast Guard used pigeons in search and rescue operations. Sharp pigeon eyesight allows these birds to perfectly distinguish objects at a distance of 3 km. Since impeccable vision is the prerogative of predominantly predators, the pigeons are among the sharpest peaceful birds on the planet.

Falcon eyesight is the most vigilant in the world!

The most vigilant animal in the world is predatorythe bird is a falcon. These feathered creatures can track small mammals (voles, mice, gophers) from huge heights and simultaneously see everything that happens on their sides and in front. According to experts, the most vigilant bird in the world is a peregrine falcon, capable of observing a small voles from a height of up to 8 km!

Fish, too, do not miss!

Among fish that have excellent eyesight, especiallythe inhabitants of the depths are different. These are sharks, moray eels, and sea devils. They are able to see in pitch darkness. This is because the density of placement of rods in the retina in such fish reaches 25 million / sq. M. And this is 100 times more than in humans.

Horse vision

Horses see the world around them with the help ofperipheral vision, because their eyes are located on the sides of the head. However, this does not prevent the horses from having a viewing angle of 350 °. If the horse raises its head up, then its vision will approach the spherical.

High-speed flies

It is proved that flies have the fastestvisual reaction in the world. In addition, flies can be seen five times faster than humans: they have a frame rate of 300 images per minute, while a human has only 24 frames per minute. Scientists from Cambridge argue that photoreceptors on the retina of the fly eye can be reduced physically.
























Tip 2: For which animals is especially important the sense of smell



The world of nature is filled with all kinds of smells, they carry a variety of information about the surrounding space. Therefore, the sense of smell is very important for the animal's sense organ.





Photo from the site PhotoRack







The ability to smell sensitively, probably the mostthe main feature of most animals. With the help of olfactory receptors, animals seek food and sexual partners, learn their cubs and enemies. An acute scent also gives animals the opportunity to avoid a variety of life-threatening situations.

Mole needs olfaction more than other animals

Underground inhabitants have a weak naturevision, and all other sense organs are developed at them more strongly. Hearing, touch and a great sense of smell give the animal the ability to navigate in space without serious limitations. Recently, scientists have found out that the sense of smell is stereotypical in moles, that is, to properly identify smells, the underground digger needs both nostrils. If one of them is blocked, the animal will start to get lost in the surrounding space. The cats also have a special tactile sensitivity. They literally scan the space using the hairs of the skin, and detect any vibration emitted by the moving object.

Animals with a developed sense of smell

According to zoologists, the sharpest sense of smell in sharks. They are able to smell a drop of blood in relation to 100 million parts of water. This makes the sea predator the most dangerous enemy among her bloodthirsty brethren. Legendary is the sense of smell of dogs. Service dogs, having taken a trace, are able to find a criminal. And hunting dogs are looking for game by smell and clearly feel the recent trail of the beast. The scent of dogs is an integral part of their life, to live an animal that has lost its sense of smell is very difficult. Cats, contrary to popular belief, also very much need acute sense of smell. Although the sight of small predators is stronger than the scent, the latter plays an important role in reproduction and hunting. The lizards are able to smell the prey that is 8 cm deep. Her larger relatives are crocodiles, prey on the victim, sticking out of the water only the eyes and large nostrils. Thanks to this, their attack is swift and fatal. Even an ordinary pig is famous for helping people to find truffle colonies with the help of a scent. The sense of smell is strongly developed in birds, especially among scavengers. Rabbits tag their territory and so recognize each other according to gender. Olfaction is an important part of the life of the entire animal world, and not only. A person who has lost the ability to smell, becomes more vulnerable and less impressed. Nature does not create superfluous, and "sniffing organs" to that bright confirmation.









Tip 3: What animals are found in Africa



On the territory of Africa live more than 1000 speciesmammals, 2500 birds, 3,000 freshwater fish, and about 100,000 species of insects. The diversity of the animal world is due to the fact that the African continent crosses several climatic zones, including the equator.





What animals are found in Africa







For savannas, which occupy slightly less than half(giraffes, elephants, buffaloes, rhinoceroses), predatory (lions, cheetahs), birds (flamingos, ostriches, marabus), as well as monkeys, snakes and lizards. In the deserts there are turtles, hyenas, jerboas, snakes. In the territories of the tropics and subtropics there live monkeys, okapi, crocodiles, birds and invertebrates. One of the main representatives of the African fauna is the lion. He is the largest predator on this continent. Lions prefer to settle pride by 7-10 individuals with a leader at the head. They live at the watering places, that is, mainly in the savannah, and not in the deserts, as is commonly believed. The best hunters in the pride are the lionesses. They are able to single-handedly defeat young hippos, elephants, large antelopes and domestic ungulates. African elephant is the largest of terrestrial animals, which reaches about 4 meters in height and weighs more than 7 tons. Elephants live in the savanna and partly in the rainforests. Contrary to popular belief about the slowness of these animals, they swim fairly easily and overcome obstacles. Despite the fact that in the wild nature of no one threatens the elephants, except for man, they prefer to live in packs of 10-12 individuals, whose leaders are most often elephants. Rhinoceros are the second largest mammal on land after the elephant and another "visiting card" of African savannahs. It is interesting that this giant floats very badly, but likes to lie in the dust and mud, and also quickly gets used to the chosen habitat and does not leave it practically throughout his life. Despite poor eyesight, rhinoceroses have an excellent hearing. They like to live alone and rarely are aggressive towards themselves. The African ostrich in the wild lives only on this continent. They feed on vegetation and small birds, lizards. Ostriches develop a speed of up to 70 km / h. They prefer to settle in flocks and often live without conflict with antelopes or zebras. Defending their flock, males can make sounds that resemble a lion's roar. Okapi is one of the most obscure species of African animals. Their habitat is the Congo River basin. Okapi are similar to horses, but in fact they are a separate species that was discovered only in the 20th century. They eat leaves of trees, live alone and rarely go out into open spaces. These are extremely clean animals, and the language of okapi is so long that they can lick themselves behind the ear.









Tip 4: Which animals are at night



Night animals are predominantlypredators. Among the birds are owls and owls, kiwis. At-bats activity falls exclusively at night. Many representatives of the cat family are also nocturnal animals.





 Many animals from the cat family are nocturnal







Flying animals and birds

Owls are famous night predators. These birds prefer to live in the forest, where they hunt rodents and other animals. When searching for prey, owls use sharp eyesight and a special ear that helps to find the victim's habitat at a great distance. Kiwi are birds that live only in New Zealand. Because of their appearance, they have become popular all over the world. These birds have a round body, powerful short legs, a long thin beak. Color of plumage in kiwi brown or brown. On hunting kiwi use acute hearing and sense of smell. Are very agile, though they look awkward. They feed on small animals and berries. Letuchi mice, perhaps, are one of the brightest representatives of nocturnal animals. In the minds of people, they are associated with mystery, werewolves, vampires. But only one species of bats feeds on blood. The rest prefer small animals and insects. Appearance and size of the mouse vary depending on what kind they are. On the hunt bats use echolocation. They emit ultrasound, which is reflected from the surrounding space and the animal understands where the prey is.

Aquatic animals

The octopus has the most highly developed centralnervous system among invertebrates. These shellfish have many interesting abilities. They can tear off their tentacles to escape from the enemy. The absence of bones makes it possible to take different forms. Octopus changes color, merging with the environment. Or their color may change depending on the mood. Squid Humboldt does not tolerate daylight. At night, he rises to the surface of the water to hunt. In the daytime the squid inhabits the dark depths of the ocean.

Ground animals

Hyena is one of the most dangerous night predators. These animals are easily dealt with the elephant cub that has strayed from the herd. They hunt in a pack, start, there is still a living sacrifice, since the competition for meat is very large. It should be noted that some species of hyenas lead a daily life. Koyotes and jackals predominantly hunt at night, so they can be called night animals. Scorpions are representatives of the arachnids. The greatest activity of scorpions occurs at night, when there is a significant decrease in temperature. They kill their prey with poison, which can be deadly to humans. Scorpions were known a few thousand ago. In Ancient Egypt they were revered as sacred animals. The poison was used for various practical purposes, for example, in medicine. Lynx - the inhabitant of coniferous forests from the family of felines. They hunt for small animals and fish. Domestic cats tend to be active at night. Although the regime of the day can vary depending on the nature of the cat and its breed. Approximately the same behavior in lions. In the daytime they like to sleep, and to hunt at night. However, the lion may well be active during the daytime.








Tip 5: Everything about vultures as the largest birds



Vultures are the largest birds of prey. Their second name is scavengers. Widely distributed almost all over the world, except for Australia and Antarctica. Since these birds prefer a warm climate, the lion's share of the vultures lives on the territory of the African continent.





Vulture is the most ferocious and largest of all birds of prey!








Instructions





1


According to the zoological classification, vulturesare a heterogeneous group of birds of prey. The fact is that it is formed by representatives of two families: hawks (vultures of the Old World) and American vultures belonging to the New World. Griffins belonging to the first family, have in their kind 15 species of birds, and representatives of the New World have only 5 species. Scientists say that both families are not closely related, but they are very similar in appearance. The closest relatives of the vultures of the Old World are vultures and bearded, and representatives of the family of American vultures are akin to condors.





2


Carnivorous birds of vultures can be called conditionally. The fact is that these feathered creatures rarely feed on live meat (they attack live animals), and more and more - carrion (corpses of animals). Attack of vultures on living creatures can be observed only during the agonizing hunger of these birds, but even at this time predators choose the weakest or sick animals. In general, the diet of vultures includes dead mammals, reptiles and fish, as well as corpses of other birds. Curiously, the menu of scavengers living in India includes the bodies of people who, according to custom, after death are dumped in the Ganges River.





3


Appearance of the vultures, to put it mildly, leavesTo wish for better: these are unattractive birds. Their necks are long and completely bare, and the beak is huge and hook-shaped. Griffins have large and wide wings, rounded at the edges. They have a very stiff stepped tail. The paws of these birds are strong, and the fingers are weak, provided with short and blunt claws. The smallest representative of this species of bird is the American black catheter: its body length does not exceed 60 cm, and its weight does not exceed 1.9 kg. One of the largest vultures is now the African eared neck, having a wingspan of up to 3 m and weighing up to 14 kg. The most famous scavengers are eared, gray, brown and bald vultures, and the noblest of their relatives is the crest of the neck.





4


Vultures are agile and agile birds. They move around the earth in short and fast steps, but fly well, but slowly. They can climb to great heights. Vision of these predators is remarkable, so they easily track down carrion even from huge heights. However, these birds have their own minuses: for complete happiness they lack a bit of intelligence. In addition, these predators are imprudent, timid, irritable, quick-tempered, and arrogant and often very cowardly. However, such a character does not prevent them from being the most ferocious of all birds of prey.





5


The life of vultures, basically, passes in wanderings: most of the year they fly from one place to another, and then suddenly appear in large numbers where they have never been before. While some types of vultures try to avoid a person, others almost walk on foot along the village and city streets. Their nests, these birds vyut on inaccessible rocks or in dense forests. Their chicks hatch completely helpless. To an independent life the kids of the vultures become ready only a few months after the birth.











Tip 6: What does kosher mean?



The term "kosher" is literally translated from Yiddish,as "usable" and has a purely religious origin. Kosher food is not supernatural. Just the laws of Judaism prescribe to believers the right, in terms of faith, food ration and the rules of food consumption





In Israel, all restaurants are kosher







The definition of "kosher" comes from the namea set of Jewish religious rules "kashrut", most often associated with food. Kashrut clearly regulates food that can be eaten by a true Jew.

Kosher meat

Kosher is considered only the meat of those animals,which are both ruminants and artiodactyls. The absence of one of these signs makes meat unfit for food. That's why Jews do not eat pork or hare. But Jews and beef can eat beef and lamb in unlimited quantities. Even the meat of cloven-hoofed and herbivorous giraffe kashrut is allowed to eat them. But the meat belonging to this or that kind of animals does not in itself serve as a sign of its kosher. There is a whole set of rules for kosher slaughter of animals - Shchita. This is a whole science. The animal slaughterer is a shoikhet, he has been studying his bloody craft for about a year and even passes the exam. After all, in order for the animal's meat to be recognized as kosher, it is necessary to kill it with one movement of an acutely sharpened knife, without inflicting even the smallest ragged wounds or punctures. Otherwise, such meat is recognized as non-kosher and not allowed to be eaten by Jews. Tora also categorically prohibits the consumption of blood. Therefore, the freshened carcass of the animal undergoes a thorough examination for the presence of blood on it. And even the field of this procedure the meat is still thoroughly soaked in water.

Kosher poultry, fish and other products

The two main attributes of kosher fish areeasily removable scales and fins. Therefore, all fish, except for catfish, sturgeon, eel and sharks, are kosher. And even black caviar sturgeon due to the fault of its producer is not recognized as such. Most birds are also kosher. The only exception is predators. Domestic birds are absolutely all fit for food for the Jews. As for dairy products, they are all kosher by themselves. But kashrut prescribes their separate use of meat. After their reception in food should pass from one to six hours (in different Jewish communities the term is different) before you can start a dairy meal. The time interval between eating meat after dairy products is much lower and is only half an hour. Failure to comply with these rules makes both meat and dairy products non-kosher. Kashrut also categorically prohibits the use of food for insects of amphibians and their livelihoods. The only exception is honey. The same code of rules categorically does not recognize the kosher meat of reptiles and amphibians.








Tip 7: What food does the cat feed?



If you decide to have a cat, then for sureunderstand that one of the main items of expenditure on it will be food. Improper feeding can lead to various diseases and premature death of the pet. Pick up a quality food and do not get confused in the widest range of shops is sometimes difficult.





What is the food to feed the cat








Instructions





1


Previously, people had no other choice, liketo feed cats with natural food. It is unlikely that any animal will refuse a portion of meat, fish or a plate of milk. However, now most veterinarians say that milk can cause indigestion in a cat or a cat, and fish can provoke a stone disease (especially if your pet is castrated or sterilized). Natural feeds are rich in nutrients and vitamins, but not every person will cook delicacies twice a day for their pet. Firstly, this often lacks time, and secondly, there is no guarantee that you will be able to independently design an optimal diet for a cat. The solution to the problem is ready food.





2


A good cat food should contain:- several protein components (meat, poultry, fish) - taurine (an amino acid that preserves heart, urinogenital and other organs and systems) - vitamins and minerals - enzymes and fatty acids.





3


Unequivocal opinion on what kind of foodfor the cat is the best, does not exist. It is important that the animal receives all the necessary substances, it is healthy and active. Canned food for cats is stored for a long time and very much like cats. Wet feeds help maintain water balance, especially if the animal does not drink much. Remember that an open can of canned food can be stored in the refrigerator for no longer than a day.





4


Wet food for cats is pieces of meat injelly, sauce or broth. Humidity of such feeds is about 35-45 percent. One serving of such food (a whole bag) is designed for one feeding. If your cat does not eat that much, lay out only half, and put the second part in the refrigerator and give it to the animal in 3-4 hours. The malnourished food in the bowl loses nutritional value and quickly deteriorates.





5


Dry fodders for cats suggest a permanentaccess the cat to clean water. Next to the bowl for food, always put a bowl with water. In the cold season, wash the bowl and change the water twice a day, in warm - 4-5 times a day. Dry food cleans the teeth of an animal from plaque, which is also their undoubted advantage. Cat's crackers do not deteriorate: you can pour the daily portion in a bowl in the morning, and your pet will eat it when he needs it. The bulk of the feed should not be stored in the original packaging (unless it is hermetically closed), and pour into a jar or container, close it with a lid and put it in a dark place, such as a cupboard.





6


All cat food is divided into several classes. Most often in pet stores and supermarkets come across the eyes of the budgetary feed. Such economy-class food costs cheaply, it is easily recognized thanks to a huge amount of advertising on the Internet and on television. You can use it only in one case - if you want the animal not to die of hunger. Such feeds have low nutritional value, there are no necessary proteins, fats, carbohydrates, micro- and macro elements in the composition. By the way, the inscriptions on the package - just an advertising move, and information is often not true. Forages of economy class are made from low-quality raw materials, including proteins of vegetable origin (soybean). The most common cheap feeds are Kitekat, Whiskas, Darling. Regular feeding by them inevitably leads to urolithiasis of cats and cats, reduces their life for 5 years or more.





7


Slightly more expensive than the "economist" are food of the "medium" class. They are little better, but still can not give the cat everything necessary for a full life. In medium-food there are animal proteins (in very small quantities), obtained from production waste. This type of feed is usually represented by several lines: for older cats, for sterilized cats, for kittens, for pregnant and lactating cats. In the food of the "medium" class, as in the "economy", preservatives, flavorings, colorants are found.





8


If you care about the health of your pet,will have to buy for premium feed and super-premium class. They are made from quality raw materials, practically do not contain cereals and vegetable proteins, preservatives and flavors. Premium feeds are valuable from the point of view of nutrients, and therefore they need much less than fodder class "economy" or "medium". In Russia and CIS countries, the most popular premium feeds are Purina Pro Plan, Acana, Royal Canin, Bosch, Hill's.