Tip 1: How to Smooth Plastic

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Tip 1: How to Smooth Plastic

When manufacturing a wide variety of plasticdesigns sometimes have to melt the material to give it the required shape or to connect the parts together. Carrying out the melting of products made of plastic and plastic, care should be taken, since poorly calculated thermal effects can lead to a fire.

You will need

- capacity for melting plastic;
soldering iron or soldering station;
- gas-burner;
- industrial dryer;
- Welding gun.

Instructions

Before proceeding to melting the plastic,Try out its small fragment. Not every kind of plastics can be melted under normal conditions, so it is advisable to find out this in the course of the experiment. Take a piece of material with tongs or tweezers and bring it to an open candle flame or gas burner. Heated plastic will either melt slowly, or immediately begin to burn in the open air.

After making sure that the plastic can be melted,grind the raw material and place it in a metal container, for example, in a tin can. For the safety of the melting of the material, insert a container with shredded plastic into another bowl having large dimensions. Pour water into it and put the entire structure on a fire or stove, making a kind of water bath. This method is suitable for processing plastic with a low melting point.

To melt small pieces of plasticUse a heated tip of a soldering iron or a gas burner. If possible, use a soldering station with an integrated temperature adjustment of the tip heating. Choose the melting temperature needed, based on the experiment. Too much heat can cause the material to ignite or make the plastic fragile.

For melting plastic with increased strengthuse a welding gun or industrial hair dryer. The work order of the welding gun is indicated in the technical documentation for it. Also, the kit includes filler materials that allow welding various types of plastics and plastics, for example, to melt the seams of the products to be joined.

When processing plastics with high temperaturesobserve precautionary measures. It is advisable to carry out all procedures outdoors, in order to avoid poisoning by combustion products. Avoid getting melt on the exposed parts of the body and clothing to prevent burns and fabric damage.

Tip 2: How to melt plastic

If you have a need to connect with each other plastic details, do not always need to glue them together. In some cases, to connect the plastic, it can be melted in the right place, and then combine the parts. When choosing the type of connection, it is necessary to take into account the type of material and its ability to bond through such improvised welding.

You will need

- building hair dryer;
- Welding gun;
soldering iron (soldering station);
- filler rod.

Instructions

Determine whether the plastic can be welded bymelting. Plastics can be welded easily, with difficulty or at all, not to be melted. You can find out this by experience. Take a piece of the test material, using a pair of pliers or tweezers, and heat on an open flame. Carry out this procedure in the air to avoid exposure to the respiratory tract burning products.

If you want to melt a plastic bottle,cut it into pieces and place it in a pan or other container, and then heat it over the fire, after making a water bath beforehand. Softened plastic pour into the mold or process the seams of the products to be joined. In this case, you should not only be careful, but also work quickly, otherwise the plastic will prematurely solidify.

Use a sting to melt the plasticsoldering iron. It is more convenient to use a soldering iron than a conventional soldering iron, which makes it possible to regulate the temperature of the tip heating. The required temperature parameters are also selected experimentally on pieces of material. With careless handling of the soldering iron, there is a risk of damaging the surface of the plastic or making the seam excessively brittle.

If possible, purchase a specialElectric welding gun, which melts plastic and various types of plastics. In the kit there are also samples of the material, by means of which the seams and joints are reflowed. The procedure for using the gun and the safety measures when handling it are described in the instructions to the device.

For some types of plastic you can usea building hair dryer, which allows the material to be heated to the required temperature. Pre-clean the joined surfaces on either side of the future seam. Select the appropriate nozzle and filler rod. It is advisable to make a test melting of the plastic and check how compatible the materials are.

Warm up the hairdryer to stabilize the temperature. Fix the parts to be fused using a vise or clamp. To melt faster, sharpen the end of the filler rod. Weld the parts by melting them with a hair dryer, lightly pressing the bar against the surfaces to be melted. After the melt solidifies the weld surface, giving it a smooth appearance.

Tip 3: How to melt gold

Gold - that precious metal, ornaments from whichlove all the ladies of the world and not only ladies. Surely in every house there is a golden thing that has already gone out of fashion, broken or left by inheritance from my grandmother and nobody needs it in such a way as it is available. In this case, the ideal option for the gold thing to be useful - will be its remelting.

You will need

- Electric oven;
- carbon graphite powder;
- two carbon-graphite electrodes;
- transformer;
- copper wire;
- mica;
- special spatula.

Instructions

On a production scale, goldmelted in special furnaces and industrial installations, which, of course, is not at home and can not be. But to remelt gold at home does not need to have any special installations. It is enough that you have an ordinary home oven at home.

An excellent option would be an electric oven, wherethe carbon graphite powder is poured between two electrodes of the same composition and then a voltage of 25-50 W is applied to them and a powerful transformer is installed. In such a furnace, the heating temperature can reach 3000 degrees. This will allow melting small pieces of gold.

You can collect such a stove from anybuilding materials, such as, for example, cement or tile, mica, etc. The dimensions of your oven can also be different. As electrodes, you can take brushes from a powerful electric motor or simply cut out such brushes from a piece of graphite. The electrodes must necessarily have 2 holes, in which a copper wire should be passed.

Mica in the furnace will play the role of a heat insulator. The outer walls of the furnace should be made at least 10 mm thick, and the stand for your oven can be a conventional brick, laid on a metal pallet. Prepare a carbon graphite powder for your furnace. It can be obtained by processing a file of unnecessary rods. Remember that eventually the powder will burn out and it will need to be replaced. Connect the assembled furnace to the transformer. To do this, use thick copper wires that have external insulation.

Use a special spatula in the middle of the oven to make a small hole, then heat the oven and put a small amount of precious metal into the hole.

Wait for a while, rocking the oven,The possibility that the metal is completely melted. If the surface of the powder, where the gold is placed, is inverted, turn the metal over and leave it for a while. Turn until the spherical shape of the gold blank is formed.

Get the gold and put it in water for 1-2 seconds for cooling. Now you can start to forge the metal with a small hammer.

Tip 4: How to Melting Silver

The casting of silver is not an easy process,to make a quality and beautiful thing, you need to know a lot of subtleties and have a lot of experience. But you can do a simple thing with a certain skill.

Instructions

Estimate the melting temperature you need. The fact is that the net silver - a rarity, and in the jewelry practice itnot applicable. Accordingly, the melting point can vary, it is necessary to take into account the composition of the alloy that you plan to create. The average temperature for melting silver alloys is 9600C. For melting the metal you need a burner and a crucible, prepare them in advance. From any material, cut out a model of what you want to cast.

To prepare the mold for the product, take 7parts of quartz sand and 1 part of gypsum, mix the substances. Then this mixture is diluted with water to the consistency of sour cream and pour into any container, which will fit the previously made model of the product (it is better that it is something like a case consisting of two parts). Put cornflowers in the corners of the tank. Take the model of the product, lubricate it with a soap solution, dry it and immerse it in half in the gypsum mixture. Carnations should always be oriented vertically. Wait until the whole mixture is dry, then harden the oil with oil. Pour the same mixture into another part of the container, place the first part with the product layout on top, wait until the second part of the mixture has dried. As a result, you will get two forms of the future product, which must be carefully wiped off from the oil and tightly tied together, first making a small hole in one of the halves (5 to 6 millimeters) in order to be able to pour in the metal.

Direct casting. Metal heat in the crucible with a gasoline burner. In the hole, insert a small funnel, quickly pour molten metal there and also very quickly close the hole with a lid with cotton wool. Vata should be attached from the bottom of the lid - so that it covers the hole. From the hot metal wool will flash and give pressure to the mold. As a result, you do not have to invent and fiddle with a centrifuge. Without pressure, the metal does not flow into the mold or it will give significant distortion. In this plan silver similar in properties to mercury - in the molten state it does not spread over the surface, but contracts into a round ball.

Tip 5: How to metallize plastic at home

At the industrial enterprises plasticmost often by vacuum deposition. At home, this method is not available. The need to get metallized plastic sometimes arises, especially for those who are fond of radio electronics. There are two quite affordable methods of metallization.

Metallic complex surfaces can be done by electroplating

Thermal method with glue and foil

If you need to make a circuit board orMetallize another flat surface in the home, you can connect the plastic with the foil when heated. The usual oven will help. To do this you will need: - a piece of plastic - copper foil, - BF-2 or BF-4 glue, - solvent, - clamps, - copper or wooden plates, - an oven or an iron. Take a sheet of plastic and wipe it with a solvent. Degrease also the foil from the side to be glued. Lubricate the surfaces of plastic and foil with BF-2 or BF-4 glue and soak as long as indicated in the instructions. Lay the foil sheet on the plastic. Press so that there are no air bubbles between the surfaces. Clamp the workpiece between pieces of wood or metal with clamps. Place the oven in a preheated oven for about 100 ° C and leave it for about 20 minutes. Turn off the oven, remove the workpiece and leave it to cool for 24 hours. After this, you can etch the board. In the absence of an oven, you can use an iron, pressing to it with a clamp the workpiece from the side of the foil.

For degreasing, you can also use a soapy solution or shampoo.

Option with copper sulfate - galvanic bath

To metallize the surface in this way,you will need: - glue BF or nitrocellulose - aluminum powder - rectificate alcohol - sulfuric acid - copper scrap - car battery - copper wire - plastic or enamel basin - clerical clip. Mix glue with aluminum powder to consistency liquid sour cream. Apply a layer of the obtained substance to the surface of the plastic and allow to dry.

If the glue is too thick, dilute it with a small amount of alcohol.

Dilute with rain or rechargeable watercopper sulphate (you can buy it in an agricultural store). Pour the solution into a dielectric dish made of glass or plastic, it is possible in a conventional plastic basin. Attach the wire to one edge of the workpiece with a paper clip or screw with a nut. Attach the other end of the wire to the battery terminal marked "-". Brass scrap together with copper wire. Wire the wire to the second battery terminal. All fastenings must be above the solution level. Turn on the current and wait until your plastic plate is covered with a uniform layer of red copper. This method is used for metallization of complex surfaces with arbitrary curvature. For example, in this way, it is possible to fabricate an antenna mirror for a mobile communication device.

Tip 6: Liquid plastic - scope

Not so long ago in the market of building materialsappeared liquid plastic. This polymer material deservedly gained rapid popularity, providing us with amazing opportunities. To understand what liquid plastics can be useful, let us consider the quality and scope of this material.

Liquid plastic - the field of application

Installation and sealing

Liquid plastic is available in the form of glue. It operates on the principle of diffusion welding, when the molecules of the objects to be glued, as it were, penetrate each other, as a result, the surfaces become a single whole. In the case where it is necessary to connect materials from foamed or solid PVC, such glue is indispensable. It has excellent weather resistance (temperature drops, humidity, etc.) and resistance to UV radiation, which is very important, for example, when working with plastic double-glazed windows. Another unique feature is that the glue does not turn yellow when applied externally. This allows it to be used as an excellent sealant.

Impact-resistant decorative coating

There is also enamel "liquid plastic" it also"Liquid plastic". This is a particularly strong paint with a high degree of brilliance. Due to increased resistance to abrasion, it can be used in places with high traffic and loads. It can be warehouses, shops, garages. You can also process floors and stairs in residential buildings. Irreplaceable liquid plastic in the treatment of pools. This coating is resistant to water, oils and petroleum products. High processability - easy to apply and has increased hiding power. The basis for the application can be brick, concrete, wood, plaster, previously painted with alkyd and acrylic paints surfaces, steel, galvanized surfaces.

Stop rust

If it is necessary to defeat corrosion - liquidPlastic with a rust inhibitor is a very good technological solution. First, the high adhesion of this material to the metal makes it possible to be sure that the coating will remain unchanged for a long time. The second advantage is that it is possible to apply the paint directly to the rust without wasting time on surface treatment with the soil and waiting for it to dry out. The dense texture and high content of anti-corrosion additives will exclude the re-occurrence of rust, and the service life of the coating is 7-10 years. As a rule, enamel "liquid plastic" is used to protect pipelines and other engineering structures from metal. In spite of the uniqueness of this modern building and finishing material, it is worth noting that liquid plastics can not be classed as ecologically clean products. The material in all its modifications has a sharp odor and requires the use of personal protective equipment - a respirator and gloves. A wide range of applications and a large number of constituent components makes you more carefully approach the choice of material for the realization of the conceived idea. Use liquid plastic is only for the purpose and according to the instructions.

Tip 7: How much plastic is decomposed in the ground

Modern man is increasingly moving away fromuse of natural components in the organization of their life. On the replacement of furniture from wood, packaging made of strong cardboard and other items of natural origin come plastic products. This process is accompanied by a variety of disputes between supporters "for" and "against". But, whatever they say, the practicality and relative cheapness of the artificial material ensure a firm and undeniable penetration of it into life.

In fact, plastic is a technical resin that has impact resistance. It is based on a copolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene.

Properties of plastic

Here are some of the basic properties of plastic: ability to take colors and shapes, non-toxicity, impact resistance, elasticity, durability, moisture, oil and acid resistance, operating temperature range range from -40 ° C to + 90 ° C (sometimes more modified in modified grades) and, life, resistance to detergents and alkalis.

Application

In many spheres of human lifeIt is impossible to do without this miracle material, especially at the present stage of the development of society. First and foremost, plastic has conquered the house: plastic cases of a TV set and a vacuum cleaner, a coffee maker and an electric kettle, a computer and a printer, a camera and a calculator, and many other necessary household items. Of plastic produce furniture, doors, windows, sanitary ware, switches and even musical instruments. If you look at the desktop, office supplies are also derivatives of plastic. Even a lot of car parts are made of all of the same material. There are a number of areas where plastic is almost impossible to replace, for example, public catering establishments, where polyethylene dishes serve as an excellent store for food, fast food cafe, where a plastic half is used as a disposable one.

Disadvantages of plastic

However, plastic has many disadvantages. He does not absorb the smell, but generously shares his, if produced from poor-quality material. It is plastic, but very fragile. It is capable of preserving the freshness of the product, but does not differ in its ecological compatibility, having a long time of decomposition in the earth. So, for example, the PET package will decompose more than 100 years, and heavy plastic objects can lie in the ground for 500 years at all. This process is highly dependent both on the surrounding conditions and on the composition of the plastic. Material is very different. Immediately after the start of the application of polystyrene in products held only a few years. Compositions of later production under room conditions were destroyed after several decades. The modern product of the chemical industry is so strong that human life will not be enough to trace the process of its decay.

Tip 8: What is the difference between plastic and plastic

In society there is an opinion that plastic andplastic - these are different materials, differing from each other in quality. Allegedly, the plastic is stronger and better. Plastic, according to these statements, is lower in quality and fragile. This is a myth and nothing more.

Plastic is the basic material for the release of goods for everyday use.

What kind of material is plastic

Plastic, it's plastic, is organica material based on synthetic or natural high-molecular compounds, so-called polymers. Particularly widespread use in the production of plastics based on synthetic polymers. The name of this material implies that under the influence of heating and pressure it can take a given shape and retain it after cooling or hardening. In fact, the very process of manufacturing plastic is a transition of material from the viscous to the solid state.

History of Plastics

The history of plastic begins in 1855. It was received by an English metallurgist and inventor Alexander Parkes and named parkin. A little later she had another name - celluloid. The development of plastics as materials began with the use of natural components with good plasticity - chewing gum and shellac. A little later, chemically modified natural materials began to be used - rubber, nitrocellulose, collagen and galalite. As a result, their production came to use fully synthetic molecules - Bakelite, epoxy, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene. For a long time, the parkin was the trademark of the first artificial plastic and was made of cellulose treated with nitric acid and a solvent. In the second half of the 19th century it was often called an artificial ivory bone. In 1866, Alexander Parks created his own firm, which was engaged in mass production of the parkin. But two years later, she was ruined, as Parks tried to cut production costs, and this had a disastrous effect on the quality of the final products. The xylonite that was produced by Daniel Spill, a former employee of Parks, and the celluloid produced by John Wesley Hayat became successors to the parkin.

Origins of Misconception

Plastic and plastic are the same material. And the difference between them is reduced only to the point of view of the Russian language. "Plastic" - this is the abbreviated name of plastic, but due to the specifics of the advertisement of this word, it became associated with the consumer with high quality and reliability. Moreover, thanks to competent advertising, the opinion was formed that plastic products are manufactured exclusively in Japan. Plastic, however, was considered to be a poor-quality, fragile, brittle and even harmful product, if it was produced in China or the countries of the third world. The way of advertising information about plastic affects only its perception in the consumer - positive or negative - but not at all about the quality of this material.

Sources:

how to handle plastic

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