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The control program

Functioning of electronic computersIt is impossible without coordinating programs. A modern computer combines a number of different devices, for the coordinated operation of which a control center is needed. For example, the video card processes images, the CPU performs calculations, the monitor displays information, the drive reads data from the CD, etc. Such coordinators and managers, coordinating the functioning of all components and components, are operating systems. To further illustrate the function of the operating system, you can compare the hardware components of the computer with the body, the control complex - with the brain and the nervous system. The operating system is used in all processes of the computer and ensures the interaction of data sets at the level of computations, computing programs and hardware components, as well as the user and the software application. All modern interfaces are graphical solutions and designed so that the user intuitively understands the interaction algorithm. There are three main categories of such solutions: the real-time category, the category with separation and the category of batch tasks. Systems of the first category allow the user to participate in the calculation process. A split-type solution involves switching the processor from one task to another. This fast switching allows you to process multiple tasks in virtual continuity mode. In this case, the user can also intervene in the process. In solutions of the latter category, user access to processes is prohibited. The computer automatically creates a list of tasks and sends them in batches for calculation. You can make changes to the data only in the intervals between sending such packets.

Graphical interface

The user enters his own commands for the system withusing graphic symbols - pictograms. Actually, the entire interface is a set of graphic symbols that form a control system that is understandable for human perception. All modern operating systems are graphic solutions, and their popularity directly depends on how easy they are in management. Of course, there are operating systems with text input similar to those that existed at the dawn of instrumentation. But such systems are used, mainly, for highly specialized applications and, as a rule, in industry and scientific research. That is, in those cases when the user is an expert and is ready to master special tools.