How to solve the demographic problem
How to solve the demographic problem
In general, the number of people on Earth is increasing,but in the developed countries the demographic problem is acute: the death rate exceeds the birth rate, which causes a permanent decline in the population. This "disease of prosperous countries" also concerns Russia.
Instructions
1
In the fight against depopulation at the statelevel work is carried out in several directions, the first of which is the stimulation of fertility. It is known that only for a simple reproduction (that is, to maintain the current number of people) for every mature woman there must be at least 2.3 children. Therefore, the state supports large families (with 3 or more children) in the form of benefits and benefits, affordable housing programs, etc.
2
At the same time, the level of material securitydoes not significantly affect the number of children. The experience of prosperous European countries and large Russian cities shows that in well-to-do families, in principle, there is no desire to have more than 1-2 children. This is due primarily to a radical change in the representation of women about their role. Modern ladies want to realize their ambitions, build a career, live an active social life, which is not so easy to do with children in their arms. Partly to remove this contradiction are the institutions of preschool education that allow a woman to return to work soon after the birth of the child.
3
The second key direction in the decisiondemographic problems of the Old World is to reduce the level of mortality and increase life expectancy. To this end, the development of health care is being carried out, and its accessibility for the population is increasing. In most European countries, these programs are being successfully implemented. However, against a background of low birth rate this gives the so-called "aging of the nation" (that is, an increase in the average age of the population and a decrease in the percentage of able-bodied citizens in relation to dependents).
4
One way to ensure population growth inEuropean countries, including Russia, attracted migrants. However, taking into account that representatives of the Muslim world mainly come to European states, this leads to an increase in social tension and outbursts of interethnic conflicts. The issue of the inevitability of labor migration deserves a separate consideration, however, European governments are increasingly proposing to rely on internal reserves - increasing the birth rate and reducing the mortality of indigenous people.
