Tip 1: What are the American Gypsies?

Culture and Society

Tip 1: What are the American Gypsies?

American gypsies are considered one of the mostclosed in the world of societies. It is not customary for them to admit strangers to their surroundings. But, nevertheless, some information about the life and customs of this people is still known.

American gypsies are mostly fewdiffer from other Gypsies. They also adopted early marriages, which makes it possible to keep young people within their culture. It is possible and closely related marriages, which sometimes leads to sad consequences in the form of various genetic diseases. The Gypsy's family is surrounded by a mass of myths, some of which they created themselves. Appearing in different countries, the Roma often posed as exotic foreigners - immigrants from Israel, Atlantis, etc. They called themselves descendants of barbarians, Tatars, Egyptian priests, Aztecs, Incas, Romans. There is a legend, which says that in the 9th century AD. a Persian Shah who appreciated the singing and dancing abilities of the Roma, brought them in the amount of 12 thousand from India to their country. Then from Persia they began to wander around the world. Mention of this is also in the poem "Shahnameh", written by Firdousi. Gypsies migrated from Persia to Armenia, Greece, Eastern and Western Europe. Then, as a result of the link, they got to America. Hitler hated gypsies, as well as Jews, but their destruction was not carried out on "national grounds", but for "antisocial behavior." Many people do not like the nomadic life of the Roma, in many countries of Eastern and Western Europe they still have a lot of problems in this regard. It is best for gypsies to live in the United States and in Russia, where no one forces them to settle and assimilate. In the United States, according to estimates, there are about one million Roma, a third of them in California, and the rest are scattered throughout the country. Most of the Gypsies moved to a semi-settled way of life. Their communities are united in so-called "kumpanii", engaged in certain territories. Headed "kumpaniyu" rum-baron or chief, who is elected heads of families. He should be rich and have an impressive appearance. Gypsies keep the obshchak, money from which goes to various unforeseen expenses, giving bribes, paying lawyers, etc. What do the Roma in the USA do? Basically the same as in other countries. Most of them do not even have a school education, 95% of the Roma are unemployed. Many of them earn a living by fraud, theft, deception. The gypsies are not afraid of prisons and do not stay in them for long. In the United States, crimes that are not related to drugs or violence are punishable by short prison terms. Because of the lack of places in crowded American prisons, Roma are often released first. American Gypsies often change their place of residence, their names, and the police speak their language, which the law representatives, of course, do not understand. There are among the Roma immigrants in the USA famous artists, sportsmen, military men, but all of them once broke with their community and are an exception to the generally accepted rules.

Tip 2: What kind of tooth is called a wisdom tooth

Recent research scientists have shown thatthe removal of the wisdom tooth leads to a partial loss of memories. The famous American psychologist Louise Hay connects wisdom teeth with determination, and problems with them - with her lack. So what is the secret of wisdom tooth?

Which of the 32 "wise"?

Teeth of wisdom are chewing teeth. As a rule, they cut through to 17-25 years. There are only four of them: upper left and right, lower left and right. They are also called "eight" if you count from the central incisor. The shape of the roots of these teeth is often curved, which complicates the process of treatment and sealing. In all other respects, there are no differences in structure from the remaining teeth.

A tooth of wisdom as a rudiment

It's no secret that wisdom teeth area rudimentary phenomenon. Our ancestors used hard-to-chew food (nuts, roots, leaves) - hence an additional set of teeth. It is true that at this stage of evolutionary development of man this third set of teeth does not yet carry us into the system without the need for a functional load. However, due to the reduction of the jaw of a modern man, the process of cutting itself is long and painful, since the teeth grow up last, and the places for them already no. Incidentally, in Asia, the presence of wisdom teeth is a rarity in contrast to Europeans. According to statistics, 35% of the world's population completely lacks such a set of teeth. Nature has not yet decided whether to leave such a "gift" to mankind.

origin of name

Why exactly these teeth are credited with a reputationwise? Slavs from ancient times believed that the so-called wisdom teeth are born when a person is fully strengthened by the body, like a kind of guardian, a reward from the guardians of the family, for people who are strong in spirit and endowed with wisdom. Gypsies also buried their wisdom teeth in the ground in the cemetery, believing that in half a year they will become fabulously rich. In many Eastern religions, teeth are a reflection of karma. Accordingly, their appearance indicates the karmic heritage of the human race. Also, many people widely believe that the absence or loss of wisdom teeth indicates a decline or degradation of the individual. Unfortunately, there are no statistics of such observations.

Interesting historical facts

There is evidence that Socrates, Archimedes, Democritusand Hippocrates to the end of their days have preserved all four wisdom teeth and itself, of course, age-old wisdom! And even Diogenes, with his "limited life circumstances," kept all his teeth, which can not be said of the mind. And Lysias, Aristophanes, Aristotle, Lysistratus, Thomas Aquinas and Seva Kaplan, having lived to deep gray hairs, still had one tooth, but they kept it, and of course they had a wisdom tooth. It is noteworthy that the illustrious generals Julius Caesar and Napoleon were already born with a set of wisdom teeth.

Tip 3: How do Roma live

Gypsies are a unique people whose representativesscattered all over the planet. By absorbing the various elements of the culture of those countries and regions in which, by the will of destinies, the Roma have found themselves, nevertheless, they honor and preserve their own age-old traditions.

Instructions

According to historians, gypsies have many centuries agoleft the territory of India, after which they were scattered all over the world. It is difficult to find a country where the foot of the "Roma" did not step - that's how the Gypsies themselves call their fellow tribesmen. The uniqueness of this people lies, in particular, in the fact that, while preserving their traditions, they do not remain indifferent to the influence of other cultures.

Among today's gypsies, twothe main groups are nomads and those who lead a sedentary lifestyle. Nomadic life, when a camp consisting sometimes of hundreds of Gypsies, including young children, women and old people, is still found both in Russia and around the world. Often, gypsies from poorer regions tend to go abroad, choosing large cities, hoping to earn there. Unfortunately, the level of education among Roma youth and children is still far from the norm. Therefore, most of the nomadic gypsies are usually expected to earn begging, fortune-telling and fraud in the streets of megacities.

In a number of European cities,The decisions of local Roma authorities were evicted in certain areas. And the camps, which appear from time to time in the parks and squares of large cities, often cause fierce disapproval of the local residents. Gypsies are accused of parasitism, unwillingness to conduct work, inclinations to various kinds of crime, etc.

Traveling Roma for stops choose the outskirtscities, forests. On the territory of Russia, according to official statistics, the camps breaking tent camps are periodically identified. In order to create a temporary dwelling in the forest, the Gypsies use a wide variety of materials - plywood, cardboard, polyethylene, etc. Unfortunately, in such primitive conditions, not only gypsy camps live. For example, on the outskirts of Belgrade, Serbian gypsies have created a whole city, whose houses are created from the fact that "fell on the arm".

Among the gypsies today arepoor, barely secured representatives (for example, people from Central Asia who are engaged in begging in Russia), and very rich. Representatives of the Roma diaspora, who lead a sedentary lifestyle, tend to seek a luxurious lifestyle. Magnificent stone and brick houses, covered with expensive furniture, paintings in gilded frames, an abundance of colorful carpets and marble staircases - that's far from a complete list of "attributes" of such mansions.

In gypsy houses, both one andseveral families. Among the traditions inherent in this people, a special place is taken by the respect of young people to the older generation. Men and women of advanced age enjoy indisputable authority from other members of the family. At weddings and other festivals, accompanied by a feast, the oldest guests must be seated in the most honorable places.

Tip 4: How Gypsies Dance

The principle of the Gypsy dance is based on the growthtempo. That is, the gypsy dance, starting at a moderate pace, gradually becomes more energetic, faster. There are other characteristic steps and movements in the gypsy dances.

Instructions

A walk-through with a skirt is called a household dancea gypsy step in which the feet of the dancer are placed in a special way. With such a reversal of the legs, the body of the body lags behind them, the head is slightly thrown back, the hands hold the hem of the skirt, opening it to the sides. As a result of this dance step, it seems that the dancer hovers in the air, hardly touching the ground with her feet.

Shaking on high toes in gypsy dancethe next position of the body is called. The legs are tightly closed, the body vibrates a little, thanks to the movements of the calf muscles, the body is slightly curved, the dancer's hair hangs freely in the air, and does not lie on her back.

Usually the previous two steps of the Gypsydance follows a wide course crosswise, in which a woman tosses her skirts with her foot, placing her foot crosswise. The body of the dancer at the same time bends, hands stretched forward. After every two steps, the crosswise movement is carried out in the opposite direction.

Another popular gypsy dancemovement - move to the side through squatting. In this way, the feet of the gypsy are closed, and she moves to the side, alternating the step from foot to toe. The knees are slightly bent.

Gypsy dance is usually completed with sparklingthe culmination, during which men perform their fractions with their feet, and women around them swirl, wave their skirts, fall next to the floor, bend the bodies of bodies and shake their shoulders.

All existing gypsy dances are dividedToday there are three main most common directions: - dance of urban gypsies or classical pop dance (accompanied without a vocal) - camp folklore dance (accompanied by vocals) - Hungarian dance with a lot of kettlebell movements and fractions (accompanied by singing with a guitar).

Tip 5: What language is spoken in India

India is a multilingual country, it speaksdozens of different languages, which, in addition, are divided into several dialects. The Constitution of India states that English and Hindi are the official languages that can be used in the work of the national government. Bengali, Urdu, Telugu, Santali, Makipuri and many other languages are common in the country, they belong to different language families.

Official languages of India

In 1947, India gained independence from theGreat Britain and the national leader faced a serious question about the state language. Since ancient times, the country has been multilingual, and such a language had to unite it. In addition, it was supposed to be one of the most common and easy to learn. For a long time, India was a British colony, so English on its territory is very common. It functioned as a state in the colony, many Indians spoke it. But it would be strange to keep his status, so this title was given to Hindi - one of the most popular Indian languages. Hindi belongs to an Indo-European family and is divided into many dialects spoken in the northern and central parts of the country. The official version is recognized as official, which is used by the government. Hindi takes the second place in the world by the number of people speaking it after Chinese: this figure is more than four hundred million, that is about 40% of the country's population. Despite the fact that after the adoption of the state language English was allowed to use for fifteen years (it was impossible to refuse it immediately), it continued its spread and penetrated almost all spheres of life of the Indian population. As a result, it was decided to make it the second state language.

Other languages of India

In India they speak thirty or more languages,which belong to different language families: Indo-European, Tibet-Burmese, Munda, Dravidian. The first group includes Marathi, distributed in Goa, Maharashtra and Daman, Nepali spoken in Sikkim, Bengali - the language of West Bengal, Urdu used in Kashmir. In Orissa they speak the language of Oriya, in Bihar they speak the Maithili. To the Dravidian group belong Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, to Tibeto-Burmese - bodo and manipura. The Munda family has one representative in India - the Santali language, common, among others, in Orissa, West Bengal, Bihar. All of them have the status of national, recognized in the states. There are still a few dozen languages common in India, but not recognized by the government. Many of them are called by some linguists by the dialects of Hindi: these are the Marwari, the baghel, and the Bundeli. Others are a mixture of two languages: for example, Hindustani arose as a result of a mixture of Hindi and Urdu, and Hinglish is a combination of English and Hindi.