Poetic symbolism in literature
Poetic symbolism in literature
Symbolism, as a direction, was reflectedIn many cultural spheres, including, and in the literature. Most of all, it was widespread at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, mainly in Europe and Russia.
Philosophical foundations of poetic symbolism
It must be said that the symbolism originated from the very beginningNamely in the literature, after which it spread to other spheres of culture. The work of symbolist poets reflected the philosophical and aesthetic principles described by Arthur Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche and other representatives of the classical German philosophical school. The work of Richard Wagner also no less significantly influenced the representatives of poetic symbolism. Nevertheless, Russian poets-symbolists in theoretical and philosophical bases did not always rely on the same thing. For example, Valery Bryusov symbolism was represented exclusively as an artistic direction, while Dmitry Merezhkovsky relied in symbolism on Christian teaching. He sought the foundations of the theory and philosophy of symbolism in ancient culture, passed through the prism of Nietzsche's philosophy, Vyacheslav Ivanov. One of the brightest representatives of Russian poetic symbolism - Andrei Bely - drew the sources of his poetry in the philosophy of Vladimir Soloviev, Nietzsche and Kant. Resistance to Realism
Poet-Symbolists disliked the idea of followingUniversal masses, narrowly focused and completely closed in the material world. No, on the contrary, they were striving for freedom from the material world, they thought much deeper and wider. Representatives of poetic symbolism, proceeding from these aspirations, sharply opposed their creativity to the work of poets-realists. They believed that they too superficially look at the world and all things in it, whereas the Symbolists themselves have a unique ability to penetrate into the essence of these things, and therefore better understand the world. Some representatives of symbolism in literature even tried to win over to their side such realists as Pushkin and Gogol. Remarkably illustrates the position of all Symbolists saying Valery Bryusov: "... Art is the comprehension of the world by other, non-rational ways." He also believed that the work of the Symbolists was the key to unlock the door to freedom of the spirit. School of Symbolism
Despite the fact that the symbolism as a directionfound his response in both drama and prose, it most clearly reflected in poetry. The poetry of the Symbolists is distinguished by the essence of the questions they put in their works. This, unlike other areas, is not a pressing worldly problem, but a global, philosophical reflection. However, symbolism in literature and, in particular, in poetry, was not the same everywhere. There were certain currents, or schools of symbolism. For example, Symbolists were divided into "senior" and "junior".
