Tip 1: How to make a detailed plan
Tip 1: How to make a detailed plan
The plan is the basis on which lies down laterresearch, abstract, artwork, the script of a future film or a recipe for a dish. Therefore, it is so important, at the very beginning of the work, to draw up a detailed plan so that it reflects in accordance with your logic your main ideas.
Instructions
1
First, write down all the ideas thatyou in the head. Write them out as they are, in a chaotic sequence, if necessary. Write out everything-everything that is, without distributing ideas to big and small and not including a few small ones into one big one. We'll deal with the hierarchy later, now the main thing is to catch thoughts by the tail and lock them on a piece of paper - or in the word "e" on the computer.
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It is important to write down ideas, guided by some kind ofgeneral principle. For example, you can draw up a question plan, you can have a thesis. This is a matter of taste, but all ideas at the initial stage should be written in one form. Write them down as briefly as possible, create some "clots of meaning" that will then be easily deployed. Ordered ideas, written in one form, will then be easier to distribute by levels and build in turn.
3
Now it's the main thing. Each work (so you can call that work, which should turn out in the end, that is, a work in the broad sense of the word) is the beginning, middle and end. If you make a plan for the course work, its components will be: an introduction, which describes the goals and objectives of the work, its relevance, the methods used in the course of the study, and so on; theoretical part, which sets out the theoretical provisions, in accordance with which you conducted practical research; and finally, the practical part. The ideas written out now need to be broken down into these "shelves". The plan is in principle ready, but now it is necessary to "deploy" it.
4
In each idea, if desired, you can find compoundparts, subparagraphs, which indicate the parts of a phenomenon, aspects of its description, and the like. The content of these sub-paragraphs will depend on the general content of your work and the specifics of the discipline by which you write it. They need to be "squeezed" into those general provisions that have already formed the basis of your plan.
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You can go the other way. If you already have some ready-made items, for example, fragments are ready, separate chapters, you just need to arrange them in the right logical order, assign each individual name that will transfer its general content in a compressed form, and then break the chapter into parts and to name each by the same principle. The detailed plan is ready.
Tip 2: How to write a paper
It is known that every student or schoolboymet with a problem: how to make an abstract? An abstract is a written report or a presentation on a specific topic in which information from several sources is summarized and summarized. At present, there are two main approaches to creating an abstract - classical and innovative, the only difference is from what sources information is used. For the classical method - it's different paper carriers, and for the innovative - the information is taken in electronic form. The advantages of using information taken from electronic sources are obvious: working with it is much easier and more convenient. So, how do I make an abstract?
Instructions
1
The main stages of work on the essay are:1. Choose a topic. The subject of the abstract in most cases is determined by the teacher. But before you start working, decide and discuss with the manager what problem you would like to deeply study.2. Selection and study of literature on the selected topic (there must be at least 8-10 different sources). Sources can be articles, brochures, monographs, periodicals, etc. 3. Processing and systematization of information. At this stage, the outline of the main part of the essay is outlined. We devote each chapter to our chapter, chapters should be divided into paragraphs. Writing an essay.
2
Structure of the abstract: • Title page • Contents. It consistently contains chapters and paragraphs of the abstract with the designation of page numbers: • Introduction. Here you formulate the essence of the problem, its relevance, indicate the goals and objectives of the work, and also give a brief overview of the literature used. • The main part. It is devoted directly to the disclosure of the theme of the work. If at work you meet with the fact that there is no common opinion on the problem being studied, then here it is necessary to bring the most interesting points of view of different authors and give their assessment. Each chapter, with a description of a specific problem, should be a logical extension of the previous one. The end of each section should be completed with a concise conclusion: • The conclusion should be clear and concise. It provides the final conclusion of the abstract, as well as the amount and effectiveness of the tasks assigned • The list of references is a list of the various sources used and their full bibliographic data.
Tip 3: How to maximize the page in word
By default, all newly created pages in thetext editor Microsoft Word have a "portrait" orientation. But not all documents look best in this format, it becomes necessary to deploy Page.
Instructions
1
If a document consists of one page oryou want to expand all the sheets of the document, then you can do it by opening the menu section called "Page layout". In it, you need to click the "Orientation" item and select the desired option - "Book" or "Landscape". In earlier versions (Word 2003), this option is located in the menu section with the name "File", where you should select "Page settings", go to the "Fields" tab and there already make the choice "Orientation" "Portrait" or "Landscape" .
2
If in a document from several pages only a part of them needs to be deployed, then the sequence must be different. First go to the one Page, which must be deployed in relation to the previous ones.
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Then open the dialog box for setting the fieldspages. In Word 2007, for this, on the "Page layout" tab, click the drop-down list with the words "Fields" and select the lowest point - "Custom fields". In Word 2003, the same is done by expanding the "File" menu item and selecting "Page settings" in it. A window of settings opens, in which there is an "Orientation" section on the "Fields" tab - select the option for this page. Then, at the bottom of this tab, find the drop-down list next to the "Apply" label. There are only two options in it: "To the whole document" and "To the end of the document". Now you need to select the line "Until the end of the document".
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Click "OK" to close the settings windowfields. If this is the last page of the document or following it, too, should have the same orientation, then the procedure ends. And if the following pages should not be oriented as they were just deployed, go to the next sheet and repeat the procedure with the custom fields setup window.
5
There is another method, or rather, a trick. Put the text of the page in a table with one cell, then select its contents (not the cell, but only the text), right-click and select the line "Text direction" in the context menu. In this way, you can rotate the contents of the cell 45 degrees (or counterclockwise). Then it will be necessary to remove the frame of the table and adjust its internal and external indents - this way to rotate Page requires more settings than the previous one, so it's less convenient.
Tip 4: How to draw up an abstract
Plan for any scientific work is the basis. The teacher first of all studies the plan to understand what is at stake in the work, whether the accents are correctly placed. Often students or students do not know how to make a plan Essay. If you want to get a positive evaluation at the next lesson, then try to follow these recommendations.
Instructions
1
In fact, the plan Essay make it very simple! Usually it is placed on the second page after the title page. Write on the page "Plan Essay"Do not need, this can allow teachers at school! And university requirements assume to name the page with the plan "Content" or "Table of contents". The abstract is numbered from the page with the plan. Numbers are numbered differently, most often in the upper right corner.
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Plan Essay consists of an introduction, several chapters (asrule, from 2 to 4), conclusion and list of literature (list of bibliography or bibliographic list). Also, possible applications to the abstract can be indicated here (illustrations, additional information).
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However, in drawing up the plan there are also complex sides, this is the selection of chapters Essay. Good volume Essay - 10-20 pages. Usually the table of contents, introduction with the conclusion and the list of the literature occupy several pages. Therefore, chapters Essay remains 6-16 pages. If the abstract turned out to be rather small (total volume - 8-10 pages), then the plan Essay completely excludes chapters. In this case, the only chapter is called "The main part". But, nevertheless, one must try to have at least two chapters, which are naturally numbered. In respect of Essay chapters can be divided into paragraphs or sub-paragraphs. The usual number of paragraphs from 2 to 4. Paragraphs within the chapter are numbered.
4
To draw up a plan, it is necessary to allocatequestions, concepts, which you will describe in the essay itself. Such items can be several, with their help you will reveal the essence of the problems. Remember that the plan presents a clear Essay. Plan should be logical and consistent, so that it is easy to understand what we learn from the text.
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Formally, the samerequirements, as well as to the entire abstract. The font is usually Times New Roman, the size (or font size) is 14, the spacing (the distance between the lines) is 1.5 - the standard. Fields are standard for Microsoft Word. This is the standard, but if you have a manual, then look at what requirements are specified in it. Each university has its own requirements!
Tip 5: How to draw up a work plan
What are the plan works? For example, in order that later it would be possible to easily restore in memory the read novel, play or poem. And when drawing up planand the story-composition structure of the text is usually taken as a basis.
Instructions
1
Read the work.
2
In the process of reading, pay attention to the text of the text: parts, chapters, acts, stanzas.
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While reading, make the necessary extracts: works, the names of its parts (chapters, acts), various descriptions of nature, lyrical digressions, reasoning of the author.
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Determine, plan what type you will use: thesis, call, question, planScheme.
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Also determine the type planbut, it can be: simple (compressed), complex (unfolded), quoted.
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Identify the exposition works (in dramatic worksx is the list of actors and the location of the action).
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Determine if the book has a prologue and an epilogue.
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Find the string works.
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Set the main part of the novel (narrative, story, etc.), i.e. development of action.
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Identify the climax.
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Determine the denouement of the book.
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Match the story and composition works.
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Decide who are the main characters, and who are secondary.
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Determine how the development of the story changesthe attitude of the author to the heroes, and for this: - write out quotes from the text that reveal the speech characteristics of the characters - analyze in the text citations that reveal the linguistic features of the author's narrative - Determine how the attitude of the main character to other main and secondary characters changes in the development of the plot; - Compare the relationship between the other main and secondary characters, and how they change in the development of the plot.
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Think of the title for each part of the story, guided by the author's position in relation to the characters, their speech characteristics, or in accordance with the rubric works.
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Make the original version plana, leaving between his points intervals of several lines or wide margins on the page.
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Reread plan.
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Make the necessary corrections to the page margins or to the left between the paragraphs planand intervals.
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Rewrite plan in accordance with the amendments.
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Final version planbut used in analysis works or when you read it again, note it out, etc.
Tip 6: How to plan a course
To compose a plan of course work should be treated competently. On this depends the quality of the work you do. The main elements of the course are: introduction, the main part, the conclusion.
Introduction
Before proceeding to the disclosure of a giventhemes, it is necessary to prove the relevance of the research, to outline the goals, to define the tasks, the object, the subject, the methodological and source study basis of the study. It is also important to reflect the structural elements of the work. All this includes an introduction. With him, and you need to start drawing up a plan.Main part
In the main part of the work it is important to disclose the contentyour topic. It can consist of several items. First you need to clearly define the terminology. For example, if you chose the topic of the course work "Unfinished construction projects", the first item of the main part can be specified as follows: "Definition of the term" unfinished construction ". Next, you should make a digression into the history of the subject. This is usually also an important point, since it allows one to study the historical change of the studied subject, to reveal its features at the present stage. However, this item is more often present in the content of coursework of the humanities faculties. Instead of studying historical development, one can bring analogues in other countries and compare them with the studied subject. Then the subtitle, for example, will sound like this: "A precedent in international law." After that, you can begin to consider the content of the given topic in detail. In order to correctly formulate the title of this item of the plan, you need to collect all available, or at least the most valuable sources for the selected topic, to study them and highlight the main points. For example, if you are given the topic "Legal precedent", the following name of the plan item may be indicated: "Types of legal precedents". Also, a practical topic may be considered as a given topic. In this case, the practice will be a separate item of the main part of the course work.Conclusion
After a detailed study of the topic, it is necessarysummarize, gather together and harmoniously state all the conclusions drawn in the course of the work. Accordingly, the next item of your plan will be the conclusion. Also, the items should be included in the plan: "List of used literature" and "Annexes" (if any). The above points of the plan are approximate and may vary depending on the specific topic and the faculty. When you make a plan, you need to remember the logical sequence of its elements, since this is the "skeleton" of your future work.Tip 7: How to draw up a thesis plan
You can draw up a plan of the text in different ways. The thesis plan gives the most complete concept of the text materials, while it is very short and concise, it is not difficult to compose it.
You will need
- Text, notepad, pen.
Instructions
1
Divide the text into paragraphs. In each paragraph should be allocated a certain thought, not mingled with other thoughts of the text.
2
Make a short outline of the entire material. If this artwork, highlight the string, the development of the action, the culmination and denouement. If the text on genre belongs to the reasoning, select the idea to be proved, the arguments and the conclusion.
3
When a plan is drawn up, we must select in itbasic provisions, themes (theses). Select the main idea in each paragraph of the text sequentially - first for the entry, then for the main action, then for the conclusion.
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When the main idea is highlighted, it is necessarycorrectly formulate. The formulation can be made with the help of the same words that are present in the paragraph, just delete the details (details, descriptions, expressive means). At this stage, we create a PRIMARY FORMULATION, which can consist of several proposals.
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Now we are creating the thesis plan itself. For this, we combine several proposals of the topic into one and formulate it as short as possible. It is desirable that the thesis contains no more than 80 characters. The proposal should be simple and understandable.
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If you get the impression that some thoughts are lost, and they are important in the text (at the same time, the division of the whole paragraph into parts is inappropriate), write down under each thesis a sub-thesis.
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After writing down all the abstracts with sub-theses, use the curly braces to combine them into parts (see step 2).
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To each part, you can also pick up your thesis, but without dividing into sub-theses. For example, in the plot you can write down the thesis "Conflict between character A and character B."
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Rewrite the resulting plan in a clean version.
