Tip 1: What excuses are there in English?

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Tip 1: What excuses are there in English?

In English there is a huge amountprepositions. They show the relationship between words, give meaning to the sentence, change the form of the verbs. In the Russian language, the understanding of what is at stake is largely achieved by case and ending words. But in English this role is fulfilled by prepositions.

Instructions

Spatial prepositions are prepositions of the place anddirections. With their help, you can tell where to go or where the object or person is located. This group of prepositions consists of very short and easy prepositions, as well as more complex ones, for example: to - a polysemantic and often used preposition that denotes the direction "to something, to someone". Its form into shows already quite a specific direction "in", say, "in the house." Prepositions up and down mean "up" and "down" respectively. And the prepositions in, on, under, next to serve as the simplest ways to designate the place of an object or person in space, it is nothing but "in something, on something, under something and next to something." There are many more examples: along - along somethingacross - through, for example, "across the street" out of - out, on leaving the buildingthrough - through above - over behind - behind, behindbetween - among among - among

Prepositions of time show when, how muchAn action is committed, or after what time it will be performed. The most common preposition of time is at, it means "at such an hour", for example, at 9 o'clock - "at 9 o'clock". It can be replaced with a preposition about, if there is no clear agreement about the time, or it is not known how many exactly on the clock and you can say "about, about." It's about 9 o'clock - "now it's about 9 o'clock". At designation of time not to do and without the pretext after - "after". Winter comes after autumn - "winter comes after autumn". Other prepositions of time: during - for some timein - after some timeon - on, some day, for example, on Sunday - on Sunday, on Sundays - on Sundays - till some day, until a certain timewithin - during, for some time

Causal pretexts - one of the mostCommon forms of prepositions. In a conversation, it is important not only to indicate where and when the event occurs, but also why it occurs. Such prepositions are usually more complex than the prepositions of time and space, or rather they consist of several words, but enrich the speech and give the sentence a touch of grace: because of - because according to, according to something, to - thanks to something, Eitheron account of, because of, something

English prepositions differ in form. Among them are simple, complex and compound prepositions. By the examples already given, it is easy to understand that simple prepositions from one word are called simple: in, on, under, about. Complexes consist of two or more bases of prepositions in one word: hereafter, within, whereupon, wherewith. A compound consists of several words, but remain in this case an indivisible construction: because of, in accordance with, thanks to, on account of. No element of such an excuse can be removed or moved to another place.

Tip 2: How to correctly use English time prepositions

Prepositions in English have always been and,obviously, they will remain a headache for the native speakers of the Russian language for a long time: they not only in many respects do not correspond to the rules for the compatibility of our language, but also it is often difficult to catch any logic in their use. However, you can help yourself to study these small, but very important elements of the language by organizing them into separate functional-thematic groups, one of which is a group of prepositions of the time.

1. AT Used with an indication of the exact time during the day: - at 5; - at half past four; - at 7.20; - at midday; - at midnight; and even - at the moment.2. IN Used to refer to parts of the day, seasons, years, centuries: - in the morning; - in the afternoon; - in the evening.- in summer; - in 1983; - in the 21st century.3. ONUsed with days (days of the week and date): - on Monday; - on Saturday; - Board on the 1st of May; - on the 2nd of October. Tip 1: It is worthwhile to remember the phrases at night (by the rule there should be a preposition in), for a while (for a while, for a short time), for life (for life) at the weekend, for the weekend. Tip 2: next, this and last abolish prepositions, ie. next morning, this Friday, last winter. Happy learning!

Tip 3: How to translate text from English

It is quite possible to make a quality translation from English into Russian, even if your knowledge is rather modest. It is important to only observe the sequence of work on the text.

Instructions

Of course, you can use the serviceAutomatic translation, but, as a rule, the quality of such work leaves much to be desired. As a result, you can get a set of rather incoherent phrases. To avoid this, you still need to master the basics of "manual" translation, and use the electronic version in order not to look in the dictionary in search of unfamiliar words.

Before you start translating, you need to determine how accurate and detailed translation you need. Depending on this, you can stop at any of the stages of working on the text.

Read the entire text. Analyze how much you understand it. Perhaps you have managed to grasp the general meaning, without going into the details - it's already good. If your goal was to understand only the general concept outlined in the text, you have achieved your goal.

If the general meaning is not clear, and you have managed to "decipher" the meaning of only a few fragmentary phrases, the work will have to continue.

Carefully read each sentence. In English, they all have the same structure: the subject at the beginning of the sentence, the predicate follows, followed by the addition and circumstance. If there are several additions, then first comes an indirect addition, then a direct addition, followed by an addition with a preposition. Circumstances also stand in the English sentence in a certain order: first the mode of action, then the place, and after - the time. Of course, there is a definition in the English sentence. It is put before the word to which it refers.

Consequently, the simplified scheme of EnglishProposals can be presented as follows: "Who / What? + What does? + To whom? + What? + What (with the preposition) + How? + Where? + When? ". Knowing this sequence, it is easy to determine to which part of speech a particular word belongs in the translated text, which, naturally, facilitates the definition of its meaning.

Thus, in order to understand what is being discussed in theGenerally in each sentence, it is sufficient to translate its main terms (subject and predicate), and also, if necessary, clarify the meaning of the secondary members. It should be remembered that articles, as well as auxiliary verbs, need not be translated.

In addition, for the correct translation of proposalsit is necessary to remember that verbs in English can have 12 time forms, unlike Russian, where there are only 3. The temporal form of the verb in English determines not only the time of the action, but also its character; therefore, for a competent translation, it is necessary to clearly understand how the modern forms of verbs are formed, what constructions are used for this, what auxiliary verbs are used. In fact, there are only 2 auxiliary verbs for forming: "to be" and "to have", but do not forget that they can act as meaningful words, and as part of the verbal structure.

After the general meaning of the text becomes clearer, you can proceed with the exact translation. For this, it is necessary to clarify all the meanings of the secondary members of the proposal.

It should be remembered that the word used withPreposition, in English can have a meaning that is significantly different from the meaning of the same word without a preposition. As a rule, dictionaries indicate possible combinations of this kind and their meanings.

Like in Russian, there are many-valued words in English; And you can find out exactly what meaning of a word is used in the translation, only from the context.

Tip 4: Useful phrases with the preposition BY

English prepositions are a topic requiringcareful and attentive approach. Due to a number of features of the language of Misty Albion, a lot of established expressions, phrases for everyday communication and just interesting phrases are tied up on prepositions. The preposition BY is a vivid illustration.

Phrases with the preposition BY for everyday, infeatures of oral communication: by chance - by accident, by heart - by heart, by the way - by the way, by means of - by means of something, by nature - by nature, by law - by law, by bus (tram, plane) - by bus, bus, by post - by mail. Phrases for written texts, journalistic and "book" styles and simply beautiful expressions: by and by - gradually, with time; by definition - by definition; by and large - in general and by the by - by the way, by a close shave - by a hair (by), by a factor of ten - by ten times, by order, by a hair - a little bit; by common consent - by common consent; by A long shot - certainly, indisputably; by a majority - most by all that "s blue - I swear by anything! by fits and starts - snatches. Tip: When working with prepositions, always try to memorize phrases in sentences or situations .This will speed up the study of the material and its translation into an active dictionary. Happy Learning!

Tip 5: Useful phrases with the preposition of AT

Phrases with the preposition of AT for everyday, inFeatures of oral communication: at night - at night, at lunch time - at lunch time, at the wheel - at least at least at best at best, at most at most, at a blow - by one At first at first, at last at last, at a time at a time, at a discount, at a foot, at a pace, at any hand, at any rate. The phrases for written texts, journalistic and "Book" styles and just beautiful expressions: at the 11th hour - at the last moment; at a giveaway price - almost free; at a glimpse - at a glance, at once; at a go - at once; at first hand - by own experience; At a high price, at a high price, at a low ebb in a bad state ; At an old age - in old age; at any cost - at any cost; at every trifle - for any reason; at sb "s expense - bail anyone's account; at no extra charge - at no charge; at short notice - immediately ; At street level - at the level of the earth. Advice: when working with prepositions, always try to memorize phrases in the context of sentences or situations. This will speed up the study of the material and its translation into an active dictionary. Happy learning!