Tip 1: How to repair a fluorescent lamp
Tip 1: How to repair a fluorescent lamp
Lamp equipped with a fluorescent lamp Sveta is a device consisting of severalinterrelated components. The cause of its inoperability may be a malfunction of any of them. To fix the problem, you need to identify the component of the lamp, which is out of order.
Instructions
1
Before repair, always disconnect the lamp. If it hung on the ceiling, do not repair it right there - remove the device and put it on the table, and to be able to check it, connect a regular power cord to the terminal board. Do not touch any components of the device when it is plugged into the network.
2
Disconnecting the lamp, look, if it is therecapacitors. In parallel, each of them must be connected by a resistor. They discharge the capacitors shortly after the supply voltage is removed. Using a DC voltmeter, make sure that they are all discharged, and only then start working. Having found out that there is no resistor on this or that capacitor, discharge it with a screwdriver with an isolated handle, and then connect a resistor in parallel with a resistance of 1 megahertz and a power of at least 0.5 W.
3
If the nature of the malfunction is thatwhen the luminaire is switched on, the machine is triggered and all wiring is de-energized, the reason for this is the breakdown of the capacitor that is connected in parallel to the network. Replace it with exactly the same. The capacitance, the working voltage, and the type must also coincide. Just in case check for the absence of breakdown and other capacitors. For verification, disconnect one of the conductors from the instrument, and a discharge resistor, then connect an ohmmeter. The arrow should deviate, then immediately return to its original position. Leaks should not be. After checking, restore all connections.
4
The reason for the lack of switching on the lamp may bebreakage of the throttle (is rare), wear of the starter or the lamp itself. First check the choke - just ring it with an ohmmeter, without touching the probes, so as not to get a blow by the voltage of self-induction. If there is no breakage, first replace the starter, then try to turn on the lamp. Then turn it off and wait for the discharge of capacitors again (if any).
5
In case the replacement of the starter did not help, remove the Bulb and you will ring both its filaments. Having discovered that one of them has burnt out, short it (in luminaires with constant heating from individual windings, this can not be done). If both threads are blown, the lamp must be replaced. It is not allowed to shorten two threads at once - the choke will burn.
6
There are fixtures in which one throttleServes immediately two consecutively connected lamps, each of which has a separate starter. Such a device will work only if both lamps and both starter motors are working.
7
The cause of the lamp flashing may be wear as itsmost, and starter. To find out exactly what went wrong, check the lamp first with a known good lamp, then a known good starter. After each trial switch-on, de-energize the device and allow the capacitors to discharge.
8
Electronic converter used in newlamps instead of a throttle, replace the whole, and the old subject to repair to replenish the stock of spare parts that may be required to restore other fixtures. There is no starter in such lighting devices. Repairs of the converter should be entrusted only to persons with appropriate qualifications.
Tip 2: How does the fluorescent lamp work?
Fluorescent lamp or fluorescent lampis the basic device of illumination of premises during daylight hours. Their main advantage is relatively low power consumption at a high level of illumination.
Instructions
1
Fluorescent lamp is a gas discharge sourceSveta. The main source of light in a fluorescent lamp is a phosphor. As a rule, when creating fluorescent lamps, inorganic material is used. The illumination of the phosphor is provided by ultraviolet radiation of discharges, which in turn are also a source of light.
2
The obvious advantage of fluorescent light in front ofincandescent lamps is their lifespan. It is important to understand that a tenfold difference is achieved only if the quality of the power supply is met. In addition, fluorescent lamps have limitations on the number of on / off.
3
The principle of operation of the described lamps isthe phosphor is illuminated by an electric discharge. The change in the shade of luminescence, as a rule, is achieved by changing the composition of the phosphor. In addition, the presence of this substance can contain harmful ultraviolet radiation.
4
For lighting industrial and residential premises,as a rule, low-pressure fluorescent lamps are used. These devices are not suitable for providing the desired level of outdoor illumination. High-pressure lamps are used in the streets.
5
Fluorescent lamps are widely used inthe following facilities: schools, hospitals, warehouses, offices and so on. In addition, it is worth highlighting the type of "energy-saving" lamps. This modification of fluorescent lamps, which are connected to the cartridges E27 and E14. They are increasingly used instead of the usual incandescent lamps. It is important to understand that the long life of these devices is provided only in the case of a rare on / off switch.
6
It is worth noting that modern plasma displays are nothing more than a modification of fluorescent lamps.
Tip 3: How to Repair a Fixture
Good, solid lamp, especially if it is dear to you as a memory, whenfailure is not worth changing for a modern one, made of brittle materials. Its independent repair will take no more than half an hour, and it will serve, perhaps even longer than the new one.
Instructions
1
If the lamp in lampe lights up and goes out when theinput into the plug, the break is located exactly in this place. An unplugged plug must be replaced with a new one, collapsible. If the plug is already detachable, open it, remove the wires from the screws on the pins, cut the oxidized areas, re-clean them, put them on the screws, and then tighten them tightly. Then assemble the plug.
2
A cord, the insulation of which is not made ofpolyvinyl chloride, and from rubber, without fail, replace it completely, even if it has no visible damage. Sooner or later they will necessarily appear, and this threatens to short-circuit. Do the same with a cable that has visible damage, regardless of what material it is made of.
3
If the circuit breaker located on the cord is indistinct, its contacts should be cleaned. Disabling lamp from the network, disassemble the switch, remembering the order of disassembly. Carefully remove the carbon from the contacts with a screwdriver, then collect the switch in reverse order.
4
A switch located not on the cord, but inside lampa, usually has a non-separable structure. After disconnecting the power and removing the cover from the lighting device that opens access to this switch, first of all, check how well the screws holding the wires in the terminals of the switch are tightened. If the cause of the malfunction is not in them, replace the switch with the same one (or another suitable for the landing dimensions, if the change in appearance is not critical). Before installing back on lamp a lid made of metal, make sure that the exposed wires do not touch it from the inside.
5
Cracks, accompanied by a blinking light bulb,speaks of poor contact and sparking in the cartridge. Energy-saving lamp, such a regime threatens to burn out, and nearby radios and televisions sparkling lamp creates strong interference. After turning off the power of the lighting fixture, wait for the lamp to cool down, unscrew it and disassemble the cartridge. Tighten the screws that hold the wires to the terminals. Using a screwdriver, clean the contacts for the lamp cicolor carefully, from the carbon deposits, if necessary, slightly bend them, then assemble the cartridge.
6
After completing the repair, clean lamp from dust. If the lamp power exceeds the maximum indicated on the case lampbut (not on the cartridge!), replace it. Together with lampshades made of combustible or low-melting materials, use only energy-saving light bulbs.
7
The final stage of the work is verificationisolation. Take a multimeter, working in the ohmmeter mode at the limit of "20 megaohm". After disconnecting the device from the mains by inserting the lamp and turning on the switch, measure the resistance between each of the fork pins and the metal parts lampbut at different polarities of connection. In all cases, the multimeter should show infinity. Only after making sure of this, proceed to the further operation lampa.
Tip 4: How to repair a VAZ starter
The starter is an electric motor,responsible for starting the car by transferring mechanical energy to the flywheel of the internal combustion engine. The most common problem of domestic starters is the failure of the retractor.
You will need
- - Wrench at 13;
- - screwdriver;
- - a hammer;
- - Round pliers.
Instructions
1
In the engine compartment, disconnect the terminalsbattery and remove the battery. With a wrench, unscrew the three bolts securing the starter to the engine. Remove the starter and disconnect the positive lead by unscrewing the clamping nut. Using a wrench, loosen the power supply wire on the retractor and disconnect it. On the output from the relay, apply voltage from the positive terminal of the battery, and connect the negative contact to the starter housing.
2
The relay should close two contacts. Check this by connecting an ohmmeter to the contact bolts. If the contacts do not close, change the relay to a new one. Using a screwdriver, unscrew the three screws of the fastening relays and remove it. In the case of the retractor relay is a rod with a spring, remove them. In the reverse order, put a new relay.
3
Remove the back cover by unscrewing the two screws. Use a screwdriver to unscrew the screw securing the brushes. Remove the brush by pressing the retaining spring. Brushes should be a height of more than 12 mm, otherwise replace them with new ones.
4
To the conclusions of the windings in order of priorityconnect one ohmmeter contact and the second one to the housing. Check for a short circuit. From the shaft, using a screwdriver, remove the lock ring. Unscrew the two bolts that tighten the starter. Disconnect the starter by removing the insulation tubes. Inspect the winding for mechanical damage. If available, replace with a new one.
5
Remove the rubber ring located in the liddrive. Using round-nosed pliers, push the lever axis. Knock out the axle and remove the drive. Remove the drive lever from the overrunning clutch by using a screwdriver. Rotate the clutch gear. If the rotation occurs in both directions, the coupling requires replacement. To do this, anchor the wooden bar and knock off the limiter. Inside is a snap ring, use a screwdriver to remove it. After replacing the coupling, replace the circlip and reassemble the starter in the reverse order.
Tip 5: How to repair an old table
Over time, your old wooden table shaking, tableThe bench has become scratched, but throwing it in the trash can not be included in your plans. Please Update table own hands. It is best to carry out repairs in the winter, when the room is heated, and the wood is well dried by the furniture. Then your new fasteners will last a long time and do not loose their mind.
You will need
- - wooden table;
- - Sandpaper or sanding machine;
- - screwdriver;
- - keys;
- - new metal fasteners;
- - joiner glue PVA;
- - Rubber hammer;
- - varnish or paint.
Instructions
1
Look how the parts are connected tablea. To do this, turn it over and put it tableYeshna on a flat surface. Wooden parts can be fastened with metal elements or on spikes.
2
If you use metal legs in the joint, pull them up. If table still staggers, unscrew all bolts or screws. Look at the carving. If it is damaged, replace the hardware with a new one.
3
Before changing the fasteners, carefully inspect all openings. They can crumble, so you can not screw the screws right away. It is necessary to strengthen the wood in these places.
4
Drill larger holes in the destroyed places. Promote tablebright or furniture glue PVA wooden plug, suitable for the diameter. Beat her with a hammer in the hole and dry it.
5
Make a drill hole for a new screw or screw. Collect table again with a new metal fixture.
6
If the old table is connected on wooden spikes;components. Hammer out the details with a rubber mallet or put a wooden plank in the place where you will hit. Then there will be no dents and chips in the tree.
7
Clean the anchorage points from the old glue. Check not only the wooden spikes, but also the grooves. Foreign inclusions will reduce the strength of the new connection.
8
Check all clearances, wooden spikes should notdangle in grooves. If the nest is too dry, put in it a few ostrugannyh matches, smeared with glue, or wrap the spike with gauze or a cloth soaked in PVA.
9
Collect table, lubricating the connecting parts tablebright glue PVA. For better bonding of parts, wrap the assembled table rope. Leave in this position until the glue dries completely.
10
Repair tableThe ashtray. Varnished table sand, patch deep scratches of specialputty. Align the cracks and varnish. Let each layer dry well, then grind it with fine-grained sandpaper and paint with a roller.
11
If table paint it, update it by selecting the color. If necessary, remove the damaged area with a special solvent. Coat table a new layer of paint.
12
Refresh (color or polish) the legs tablebut for a new tableThe ashtray.
Tip 6: Energy-saving and fluorescent lamps: what's the difference?
Not all of them have got used to new light bulbs, which have rushed to the Russian market. Several years ago, fluorescent energy-saving lamps appeared to replace incandescent lamps.
Operating principle
Luminescent, they are also energy-saving - thislamps, which are fundamentally different from the usual glass lamps. Energy saving lamps have a twisted shape and are made of frosted glass. Inside such lamps are mercury vapor, argon inert gas and graphite electrodes for current wiring. The main advantage of fluorescent energy-saving lamps is the economical consumption of electric energy, which becomes particularly relevant in connection with the constantly growing electricity tariffs. In addition, it will serve an energy-saving lamp 8 times longer than usual. Although the cost of a fluorescent lamp is much higher than usual - about 300 rubles. If you decide to use a fluorescent energy-saving lamp, after the end of its service life you will have to dispose of the lamp in a special way, since such lamps contain mercury. According to experts, if users do not learn how to properly utilize energy-saving lamps, then in the future it will damage the health of people and the environment.Provide uniform economic light
Luminescent are the so-called lampsdaylight, which are installed mainly in administrative institutions. It is the phosphor that converts the ultraviolet studied by the lamp into light visible to the human eye. The high light output of these lamps ensures stable uniform lighting for a long time. In addition, fluorescent lamps have three types of luminescence: cold, warm and neutral. Thus, fluorescent and energy-saving lamps - this is the same thing. It is only accepted to small-sized lamps to use the definition of "energy-saving", although large fluorescent lamps, and small ones have energy-saving properties. The principle of operation of all fluorescent energy-saving lamps is the same, the differences are exclusively external. According to statistics, for each resident of Russia there are only 2-3 energy-saving lamps, in Europe these figures are higher at times. The first compact fluorescent lamps appeared on the world market in the late 1980s. Earlier due to bulky dimensions, fluorescent lamps were almost never used in homes, but now these lamps are adapted to the carving of a regular cartridge, because everyone has the opportunity to use an energy-saving lamp at home.Tip 7: How to fix an energy-saving lamp
You burned an energy-saving lamp, and not one, but several? Do not hurry burned out Bulb immediately throw out, as energy-saving light bulbs can be repaired independently, and in extreme cases, their individual parts used to repair fluorescent lights.
Instructions
1
Modern energy-saving lamps burn outbecause of the failure of the spiral of incandescence or the burning of its electronic circuit, but to find out the cause of the breakdown will help only a thorough analysis of the lamp itself. Take the energy-saving Bulb, disassemble it, gently pulling a screwdriver connector on the clips, located in the middle of the light bulb. To fix energy-saving Bulb, disassemble it in such a way that part of the device with a spiral of glow is separate from the rest of the light bulb, connecting with it only the wires provided by the manufacturer.
2
Separate the top of the energy saving lamptogether with the cartridge, screwed into the chandelier, from the inner filling of the lamp with the electronic circuit. To do this, unscrew the plastic or ceramic flask, then gently pull out the electronic circuit itself. Willing to repair energy saving Bulb, carefully bite off the power wires. Call the bulb of the bulb for a decision, can it be repaired, or Bulb it remains only to discard or use later on the parts.
3
If one or both of the heated spirals is burnt,The flask will have to be discarded, since repair of an energy-saving lamp is impossible in this case. And save the electrical scheme - perhaps, it will then be required to repair other burned bulbs. When you have a few burned energy-saving lamps, one of them burnt out the bulb, and the other - the electrical circuit, collect one out of the two failed lamps one working bulb. Having picked up new wires of a suitable cross-section, connect with their help to the working flask the electric circuit removed from other light bulb, using a soldering iron.
4
Close the flask by screwing it to the place of assembly andhaving established on a former place factory protectors. In the event that you have only one burned-out energy-saving lamp with an incomplete spiral of heat, remove from it an electrical board that is perfect for upgrading the fluorescent lamp. Solder four large wires of a lamp of daylight to places of the electric scheme where the "native" bulb was previously fixed. Two of these wires should go to glow, the second two connect to the mains plug, and then you only need to connect Bulb day light to a power outlet.
