Tip 1: How to treat heart disease

Medicine

Tip 1: How to treat heart disease

Heart disease - pathological structurala change in the structure of the myocardium or large vessels, leading to a disruption of the activity of this organ. Pathology can be congenital and acquired. Acquired heart disease can develop as a complication of rheumatism, bacterial endocarditis, syphilis, atherosclerosis.

Treatment of acquired heart defects

Manifestations of heart disease and, accordingly,treatment will depend on how much the myocardium is damaged by the pathological process. In the absence of persistent tachycardia and circulatory disorders (significant increase in the liver, edema on the legs), special therapeutic interventions are not required. It is necessary that the patient's living and working conditions correspond to the accommodative capacity of the heart. Bracing and soothing drugs are recommended. If a patient develops a tachycardia, additionally prescribed medicines are digitalis. With narrowing of the left atrioventricular orifice, the restorative means will be useful. Currently, this type of heart disease is subjected to surgical therapy. In the case of a significant narrowing of the hole, the prognosis is unfavorable. It is considered quite serious in the development of atrial fibrillation. Pregnancy with this form of heart disease is contraindicated. Treatment of insufficiency of aortic valves in case of preserved compensation is not assigned, with decompensation it is almost always ineffective. With relative insufficiency of the mitral valve, the patient is prescribed digitalis preparations. Complex and combined defects are more severe than isolated ones, and have a worse prognosis for development (with the exception of mitral stenosis). For the treatment of mitral stenosis, a surgical operation is most often prescribed. In cases of other forms of complex combined defects, surgical intervention is contraindicated.

Treatment of congenital heart disease

Treatment of congenital narrowing of the pulmonary artery("Cyanotic disease") only operative. If the operation is not performed in a timely manner, the patients die from cardiac weakness or from developing pulmonary tuberculosis. In cases of a congenital defect in the interventricular septum, treatment is necessary only with the development of cardiovascular failure. To prevent the appearance of cardiac weakness, restorative agents (arsenic, iron, phosphorus preparations) are used, they limit mental and physical loads. When Botallus duct is not inflated, operative treatment is prescribed only with the development of cardiovascular insufficiency. Patients with heart defects are under dynamic medical control, they must undergo a medical examination at least once every six months. With the right choice of the type of activity, systematic and timely treatment, observance of the work and rest regime, a patient with a heart disease can lead a full life and retain working capacity for many years.

Tip 2: How to treat mitral stenosis

Mitral stenosis is a diseaseThe heart, characterized by a narrowing of the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle. Shortness of breath and fatigue are the main symptoms of mitral stenosis.

Instructions

The cause of mitral stenosis isrheumatism suffered in childhood. Rheumatism is caused by streptococcal infection, which affects joints and heart tissue. At the same time, scars form on the inner shell of the heart, as a result, fusion of the mitral valve flaps occurs. Mitral stenosis is a curable heart disease, but in the absence of proper therapy, it can cause serious complications.

Mitral stenosis is treated conservatively andoperative methods. Conservative therapy does not lead to complete recovery, but it allows to eliminate some complications of heart disease (pulmonary edema, arrhythmia, heart failure). To ease the manifestations of mitral stenosis (edema, dyspnea and arrhythmia), diuretics, anticoagulants, antibiotics, antiarrhythmics are prescribed. Diuretics (diuretics) help to remove excess fluid from the body, eliminate stagnation of blood in the lungs, swelling on the legs.

Anticoagulants dilute blood, warnformation of thrombi. Antibiotics are used before the treatment of caries, tooth extraction and other surgical procedures to prevent the entry of pathogenic bacteria into the blood, since the affected heart valve is susceptible to infections. In violation of heart rate, antiarrhythmic drugs are used.

Surgical operation with mitral stenosisdo not always appoint. If the degree of constriction is small, and manifestations of heart disease are absent, regular medical supervision is necessary. Sometimes a patient in general may never need an operation. Surgical treatment is prescribed for severe stenosis of the mitral valve. Can be used, both traditional interventions, and minimally invasive. The advantages of minimally invasive methods are easier tolerability and less traumatism.

For the purpose of treating mitral stenosis,prescribe balloon valvuloplasty (valvotomy) - minimally invasive intervention. The treatment technique resembles angioplasty. During the procedure, the doctor inserts a thin catheter into the femoral artery of the patient with a balloon on the end. When the tip of the catheter is at the level of the mitral valve, the balloon is swollen, resulting in "splintering" the fused valve flaps. After this, the balloon is blown off, the catheter is removed. The procedure is performed under X-ray control. When mitral stenosis is also prescribed thoracotomy, which consists in dissecting the valves of the mitral valve. In most cases, an operation is performed to replace the mitral valve.

Tip 3: How to treat bronchiolitis in a child

Bronchiolitis is an acute inflammatory processbronchioles, that is small respiratory tubes located in the human body. This disease is most common among children, and the cause in all cases is a virus that causes swelling and inflammation of bronchioles and, thereby, blocks the flow of air through the lungs.

Is it possible to treat bronchiolitis in a child?

For a child suffering from bronchiolitis, there will becharacterized by the following symptoms of the disease: dry paroxysmal cough, fever, increased heart rate. In the presence of all these symptoms, it is urgent to hospitalize a child, especially children up to six months, since in the absence of proper treatment a baby may develop respiratory failure. It is also important to isolate a sick child in an infectious hospital, because such children pose a danger to others.

The staff should closely monitor the child. The hospital will correctly determine which type of bronchiolitis you have started with your child, and will prescribe a treatment.

Therapy of bronchiolitis in a child will be reduced tomainly, to aero- and oxygen therapy. The child is connected to a finger on the hand with a pulse oximeter and the gas composition of his blood is determined and, if hypoxemia is expressed, oxygen therapy will be performed through a special mask or nasal catheter. On the recommendation of the doctor, the treatment is performed with Ribaverine, if the risk of complications associated with the concomitant disease is high, for example, if your baby has heart defects, there are immunodeficiencies. Also, "Ribaverin" (an antiviral agent) is prescribed for children who have bronchiolitis in a severe stage, and who have a gas composition that is unsatisfactory. The doctor may also prescribe antibiotics such as Erythromycin, Macroben, semi-synthetic penicillins. In addition, you can use Interferon, antihistamines, such as Suprastin.

The basis of the whole treatment is to fight against the virus and to remove the edema with inflammation in the area of small bronchi, oxygen therapy.

Recovery and prevention

After the disease is cured,the child may for some time suffer from disorders of the functions of external respiration, the bronchi of such a baby will be sensitive to the effects of external factors, especially infections. Such children after treatment and recovery will be for some time registered with a pulmonologist and their district pediatrician. Prevention will be reduced to hardening, rational nutrition. Also you will need to constantly clean the nasopharynx from the crusts and mucus, carefully monitor the cleanliness of the house, so that there is less dust, and then your baby will be healthy.

Tip 4: How to identify and treat endocarditis

Endocarditis is the inflammation of the internalthe heart wall (endocardium), which most often occurs with the defeat of the valves. Endocarditis can be an independent infectious disease, as well as a manifestation of rheumatism.

Instructions

The causative agents of infectious endacarditis are more oftenbecome staphylococci, streptococci, and fungi. Risk factors for the onset of the disease are various surgical interventions (eg, prosthetic valve replacement, tooth extraction), reduced overall immunity due to various diseases, the presence of chronic foci of infection (carious teeth, chronic tonsillitis). Patients with congenital or acquired heart defects are also at risk.

Bacteria with a current of blood fall into the heart cavity,settle on the valves and gradually form sprouting (vegetation), the valves are deformed. As soon as the valves cease to close as a result of deformation, a heart defect is formed. Most often the aortic and mitral valve is affected, less often pulmonary and tricuspid.

From the existing growths particles can break awayand with a current of blood carried across all organs, causing a blockage of large vessels. As a result, blood supply to the brain, spleen, lungs and other vital organs is impaired.

The onset of acute infective endocarditis is usuallyoccurs with an increase in body temperature to 39-40 degrees, chills, general weakness. Also there is increased sweating, joint and muscle pain. On examination, there are enlarged lymph nodes, light yellow icicle skin color, a small-dot rash may appear, as well as dark red nodules on the palms and soles.

There is a thickening of the nail phalanges of the fingers and toes (a symptom of the drum sticks) and nails in the form of "watch glasses". At auscultation of the patient's heart, noises of different timbre and loudness are heard.

The diagnosis of endocarditis is based on dataexamination and instrumental examination. There are various general blood tests, ECG, echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart), which plays a decisive role in the diagnosis. With its help establish the presence of proliferation and the degree of damage to the valves. Also, twice the blood is sown to the microflora (bakposev) in order to identify the pathogen.

Treatment of infective endocarditis is carried out inhospital. Antibiotics of a broad spectrum of action in large doses are prescribed for at least 4 weeks. If the effect of treatment is not observed, in rare cases, a surgical operation is performed - excision of proliferation. For the prevention of endocarditis, patients at risk are assigned antibiotics for any surgical intervention (extraction of the tooth, removal of tonsils, endoscopic procedures, etc.).

It is necessary to know that any focus of a chronic infectioncan cause endocarditis, so you need to treat sick teeth and tonsils in time, strengthen immunity, avoid physical overload. This is especially important for people with heart defects.