Tip 1: What is measles

Medicine

Tip 1: What is measles

Measles is an infectious disease that occurs everywhere. A person has a very high susceptibility to measles virus. This disease affects people of any age.

Measles is an acute infectious disease. Characteristic signs of measles is intoxication of the whole body and rash.

This disease is one of the mostspread on the planet. Meeting everywhere, measles is registered all year round. The greatest number of patients falls on fall, winter and spring. This disease can infect people of any age, but more often children of 4-5 years are ill.

Koryu can be infected only from the patientrights. The patient ceases to be infectious starting from the 5th day after the onset of the rash. More often the spreading occurs by airborne droplets. With the air, measles virus can spread to neighboring rooms. Infection of the fetus is also possible. To the measles virus is very high susceptibility.

The incubation period of the disease is 8-17 days. If the patient prophylactically received immunoglobulin, the incubation period increases to 21 days.

The following measles are distinguished by type:

1. Typical

2. Atypical

In typical measles, there are three periods of the disease:

premonitory;
rashes;
pigmentation.

Complications of measles can often develop in children under five years of age or in adults over 20 years of age. Among the most common complications are otitis, blindness, bronchopneumonia and others.

In the presence of the slightest suspicion of measles should beimmediately call a doctor. This measure is necessary not only to be diagnosed as soon as possible, but also in order to take measures against the infection of measles by healthy people who are with a patient in one team.

If the measles is typical, the doctor calledat home, diagnose without difficulty. In the absence of complications, treatment should be symptomatic. Complicated measles is recommended to be treated under the supervision of a doctor in a hospital.

In order to avoid infection with measles,vaccination is necessary. At its core, the vaccine is an artificial introduction of measles virus into the human body, which is very weak, so that after vaccination symptoms of the disease may appear in a lighter form.

As a rule, these symptoms are not dangerouscause, but, nevertheless, when identifying various complications in the period after vaccination, it is always recommended to consult a doctor. The vaccination guarantees immunity against measles for 15 years.

Tip 2: What is vaccination?

Vaccination is the process of entering into the bodyhuman antigenic material that can cause him a stable immune response, through which a person develops temporary or permanent immunity to various diseases. Vaccination is a socially significant and medical problem that needs to be addressed.

Background

Even in ancient times people noticed that ifto treat the human skin with liquid from the vials of smallpox patients, then a person will never become ill with this dangerous disease. This process was called inoculation. It was popular in ancient India and China. Later, in Victorian England there was a sign that the milkmaids who had been ill with smallpox were forever protected from smallpox. This sign was scientifically substantiated by the pharmacist Edward Jenner in 1796, when he planted a smallpox smallpox in smallpox. After 100 years, Louis Pasteur was able to artificially weaken the virus of the Siberian language and rabies, inventing vaccines against these diseases.

Varieties of vaccines and vaccinations

In medicine, live, corpuscular,chemical and recombinant vaccines. Live vaccines are made from weakened pathogens. When used, there are possible side effects such as pruritus at the injection site, a slight increase in temperature, etc. These symptoms can disappear after a few days. This is the oldest type of vaccine. Corpuscular and chemical vaccines contain not complete weakened strains of viruses, but some parts of their cells. Such vaccines have the least number of side effects and are most easily tolerated by the body. Recombinant vaccines are relatively new, they are made from antigens developed in fungi that have been genetically modified - genes of pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms have been introduced into them. Thus, a vaccine is produced from hepatitis B, as well as from human papillomavirus (HPV). Vaccination can take place once in a lifetime or at equal time intervals. Also vaccination against certain diseases can be carried out at the request of a person (for example, seasonal flu vaccination). Once in a lifetime, vaccines are made from such dangerous diseases as measles, smallpox, whooping cough, poliomyelitis, etc.

Anti-vaccination

This movement opposes mass vaccinationof the population. From the point of view of antivakcinators, the harm from vaccines is much more than good. Members of this trend are sympathetic to young mothers who are afraid of the correct storage of vaccines and the vaccination procedure as such. But most of the arguments of anti-vaccination are not scientifically substantiated. If a person decides to get vaccinated, then he should not be afraid of it, since the benefits to health and immunity are obvious.

Tip 3: Sore throat: What is laryngitis?

Everyone knows unpleasant symptoms,which occur with a particular disease of the throat. Laryngitis is one of the most common diseases associated with inflammation in the throat, which develops against the background of infection. As a rule, the course of the illness is made worse by hypothermia, smoking, drinking alcohol, contaminated air, etc.

Diseases of the throat: what is laryngitis?

Forms of laryngitis There are two main formsdiseases: acute and chronic. With proper treatment, a person is completely cured after 1-2 weeks. But while the disease quickly enough progresses. The acute form more often represents an independent disease that causes excessive physical exertion on the larynx (with intense speech, prolonged singing, etc.). Also, laryngitis may appear against the background of a cold (for example, measles, influenza). What is laryngitis in chronic form? The duration of treatment in this case is more than two weeks. Systematic catarrhal diseases and recurring acute laryngitis are the cause. To eliminate the symptoms, it is necessary to establish the cause, since often this can be caused by a serious enough violation in the human body. How does the disease progress? What is laryngitis and how does it proceed? This question interests many people. Externally, with the disease, the mucous membrane of the larynx becomes swollen, significantly reddens. From inflamed blood vessels can act blood, which looks like dark red dots. Physical changes can also trap the trachea, which leads to the disease of laryngotracheitis. In this case, a person has a strong cough accompanied by a sputum discharge. The main symptoms of laryngitisAt the initial stage of the disease a person feels a significant deterioration in the condition, experiences weakness, may (but not necessarily) increase body temperature. When giving a general blood test, there is an increase in the number of leukocytes and an acceleration of the ESR. Visible signs of laryngitis: in the throat there are unpleasant sensations, pain in the process of swallowing. The voice becomes more hoarse, the respiratory function becomes more difficult. The acute form is accompanied by perspiration, dryness. Because of this, a person suffers from a dry cough that gradually becomes wet. In chronic form with insignificant loads fatigue and hoarseness come, there is a constant podkashlivanie.Laznovidosti laryngitisAfter it was found out what is laryngitis, it is necessary to determine its appearance. The most famous are catarrhal, hypertrophic, atrophic, diphtheria, tubercular, syphilitic and professional laryngitis. The first variety involves sagging and sore throat, coughing and hoarseness. At the second kind the person wheezes even more strongly, cough becomes more sated and annoying. Often this form, which the child has had in childhood, completely disappears during puberty. Laryngitis TreatmentTreatment is necessary only after finding out what is laryngitis, what is its type, the severity of the disease. As a rule, an experienced specialist examines the patient's throat, appoints certain tests and asks uncomplicated questions for an accurate diagnosis. The laryngitis treatment in a child is distinguished by methods, as not all drugs and prescriptions are suitable for a child's organism. It is not worth to pull with the disease if symptoms persist more two weeks, and there is no positive effect.