Tip 1: How to find the value of an expression

Tip 1: How to find the value of an expression



Numerical expressions are composed of numbers, signsarithmetic operations and parentheses. If there are variables in such an expression, it will be called algebraic. Trigonometric is an expression in which the variable is contained under the signs of trigonometric functions. Problems to determine the values ​​of numerical, trigonometric, algebraic expressions are often found in the school course of mathematics.





How to find the value of an expression


















Instructions





1


To find the value of a numeric expression,determine the order of actions in the given example. For convenience, mark it with a pencil above the corresponding signs. Perform all specified actions in a certain order: actions in parentheses, exponentiation, multiplication, division, addition, subtraction. The resulting number is the value of the numeric expression.





2


Example. Find the value of the expression (34 ∙ 10 + (489-296) ∙ 8): 4-410. Define the order of actions. The first action is done in internal brackets 489-296 = 193. Then, multiply 193 ∙ 8 = 1544 and 34 ∙ 10 = 340. The next action is 340 + 1544 = 1884. Next, do the division of 1884: 4 = 461 and then subtract 461-410 = 60. You found the value of this expression.





3


To find the value of trigonometricexpression at a known angle α, pre-simplify the expression. To do this, apply the appropriate trigonometric formulas. Calculate the given values ​​of trigonometric functions, substitute them in the example. Follow the steps.





4


Example. Find the value of the expression 2sin 30º ∙ cos 30º ∙ tg 30º ∙ ctg 30º. Simplify this expression. To do this, use the formula tg α ∙ ctg α = 1. Get: 2sin 30º ∙ cos 30º ∙ 1 = 2sin 30º ∙ cos 30º. It is known that sin 30º = 1/2 and cos 30º = √3 / 2. Therefore, 2sin 30º ∙ cos 30º = 2 ∙ 1/2 √ √3 / 2 = √3 / 2. You found the value of this expression.





5


The meaning of the algebraic expression depends onthe value of the variable. To find the value of an algebraic expression for given variables, simplify the expression. Substitute the variables for certain values. Perform the necessary actions. As a result, you will get a number that will be the value of the algebraic expression for the given variables.





6


Example. Find the value of the expression 7 (a + y) -3 (2a + 3y) at a = 21 and y = 10. Simplify this expression, get: a-2y. Substitute the corresponding values ​​of the variables and calculate: a-2y = 21-2 ∙ 10 = 1. This is the value of the expression 7 (a + y) -3 (2a + 3y) for a = 21 and y = 10.




























Tip 2: How to simplify the expression in mathematics



Learn to simplify expressions in mathematics simplyIt is necessary to solve problems and various equations correctly and quickly. Simplifying the expression involves reducing the number of actions, which facilitates calculations and saves time.





How to simplify the expression in mathematics








Instructions





1


Learn to calculate degrees with naturalindicators. When multiplying degrees with the same bases, one obtains the power of a number whose base remains the same, and the exponents add up b ^ m + b ^ n = b ^ (m + n). When dividing degrees with the same bases, the degree of a number is obtained, the base of which remains the same, and the exponents are subtracted, and the divisor index b ^ m: b ^ n = b ^ (m-n) is subtracted from the dividend. When the degree is raised to the power, the degree of the number is obtained, the base of which remains the same, and the indicators are multiplied (b ^ m) ^ n = b ^ (mn) When each product is raised to the power of a product, each factor is raised (abc) ^ m = a ^ m * b ^ m * c ^ m





2


Put the polynomials into multipliers, i.e. represent them in the form of a product of several factors - polynomials and monomials. Carry out the common factor for the brackets. Learn the basic formulas of reduced multiplication: the difference of squares, the square of the sum, the square of the difference, the sum of cubes, the difference of cubes, the cube of the sum and the difference. For example, m ^ 8 + 2 * m ^ 4 * n ^ 4 + n ^ 8 = (m ^ 4) ^ 2 + 2 * m ^ 4 * n ^ 4 + (n ^ 4) ^ 2. It is these formulas that are basic in the simplification of expressions. Use the method of extracting a complete square in a trinomial of the form ax ^ 2 + bx + c.





3


Reduce fractions as often as possible. For example, (2 * a ^ 2 * b) / (a ​​^ 2 * b * c) = 2 / (a ​​* c). But remember that you can cut only multipliers. If the numerator and the denominator of an algebraic fraction are multiplied by the same number different from zero, then the fraction value does not change. You can transform rational expressions in two ways: by chain and by action. The second method is preferable, because It is easier to check the results of intermediate actions.





4


Often in the expressions it is necessary to extract the roots. The roots of even degree are extracted only from non-negative expressions or numbers. The roots of an odd degree are extracted from any expressions.












Tip 3: How to find the value of trigonometric functions



Trigonometric functions first appeared astools for abstract mathematical calculations of the dependencies of acute angles in a right-angled triangle on the lengths of its sides. Now they are very widely used both in scientific and technical fields of human activity. For practical calculations of trigonometric functions from given arguments, you can use different tools - several of the most accessible ones are described below.





How to find the value of trigonometric functions








Instructions





1


Use, for example,default, along with the operating system, a calculator program. It opens by selecting the "Calculator" item in the "Service" folder from the "Standard" sub-section, placed in the "All Programs" section. This section can be found by clicking the "Start" button on the main menu of the operating system. If you use the version of Windows 7, you can simply enter the word "Calculator" in the "Find programs and files" box in the main menu, and then click on the corresponding link in the search results.





2


Enter the value of the angle for which you want tocalculate the trigonometric function, and then click the corresponding button - sin, cos or tan. If you are interested in reverse trigonometric functions (arcsine, arc cosine or arctangent), then first click the button with the inscription Inv - it changes the functions assigned to the control buttons of the calculator to the opposite ones.





3


In earlier versions of the OS (for example, Windows XP)To access the trigonometric functions, open the "View" section in the calculator menu and select the "Engineering" line. In addition, instead of the Inv button in the interface of older versions of the program, there is a checkbox with the same inscription.





4


You can do without a calculator, if you havethere is internet access. There are many services in the network that offer differently organized calculators of trigonometric functions. One of the most convenient options is built into the search engine Nigma. Go to its main page, just enter the value of interest in the search query field - for example, "arctangent 30 degrees". After clicking the "Search!" Button, the search engine calculates and displays the result of the calculation - 0,482347907101025.











Tip 4: Finding the meaning of expressions



Some parents, helping their younger childrenschoolchildren in doing homework in mathematics, fall into a blind alley, forgetting the rules of finding the meaning of the expression. A lot of questions, as a rule, arise in the process of solving tasks from the program of the 4th class. This is due to the increase in the number of written calculations, the emergence of multi-valued numbers, as well as the actions with them. Nevertheless, these rules are fairly simple, and they are very easy to remember.





How to find the meaning of expressions








You will need




  • - textbook;
  • - Draft;
  • - a pen.




Instructions





1


Rewrite the mathematical expression from the textbook into a draft. Instruct the child to perform all calculations at first in the draft, in order to avoid dirt in the workbook.





2


Calculate the number of necessary actions andthink in what order they should be performed. If this question makes it difficult for you, note that before the others, the actions in brackets are performed, then - division and multiplication; Addition and subtraction are done last. To make it easier for the child to remember the algorithm for the actions to be performed, in the expression above each operator-sign (+, -, *, :) with a thin pencil, put the numbers corresponding to the order of the actions.





3


Proceed to the first action,adhering to the established order. Consider in your mind if the actions are easy to perform orally. If written calculations are required (in a column), record them under the expression, indicating the sequence number of the action.





4


Clearly monitor the sequence ofactions, evaluate what should be subtracted from, what to divide, etc. Very often the answer in the expression turns out to be incorrect because of the mistakes made at this stage.





5


Take care that the child does not use a calculator in the process of calculations, since in this case the whole meaning of studying mathematics, which consists in the development of logic and thinking, is lost.





6


Do not decide the tasks for the child - let himdoes it yourself, you just have to guide his actions in the right direction. Cry to his memory, ask him to remember how the teacher explained the material during the lesson.





7


Performing in order all the actions and finding value the expression that is the answer in the last action, write it in the condition of the expression after the equals sign.





8


If at the end of the tutorial answers are given to the tasks, compare the result with the correct number. In case of data inconsistency, proceed with the recalculation.











Tip 5: What are numerical expressions



Expressions are the basis of mathematics. The concept is wide enough. Most of what has to be dealt with in mathematics - and examples, and equations, and even fractions - are expressions.





A lesson in mathematics in the 2nd grade







A distinctive feature of the expression ispresence of mathematical actions. It is indicated by certain signs (multiplication, division, subtraction or addition). The sequence of mathematical actions is corrected by brackets if necessary. Performing mathematical actions means finding the meaning of an expression.

What is not an expression

Not every mathematical record can be attributed toThe number of expressions. Equalities are not expressions. At the same time, mathematical actions are present in the equation or not, it does not matter. For example, a = 5 is an equality, not an expression, but 8 + 6 * 2 = 20 can not be considered an expression, although it contains multiplication and addition. This example also belongs to the category of equalities. The concepts of expression and equality are not mutually exclusive, the first is part of the second. The equal sign connects two expressions: 5 + 7 = 24: 2 You can simplify this equation: 5 + 7 = 12Expression always assumes that the mathematical actions presented in it can be executed. 9 +: - 7 is not an expression, although there are signs of mathematical actions, because it is impossible to perform these actions. There are also such mathematical examples that are formally expressions, but do not make sense. An example of such an expression: 46: (5-2-3) The number 46 must be divided into the result of the actions in parentheses, and it is zero. To zero can not be divided, such an action in mathematics is considered to be taboo.

Numerical and algebraic expressions

There are two types of mathematical expressions.If the expression contains only numbers and signs of mathematical actions, such an expression is called numeric. If, in addition to numbers, there are variables in the expression, denoted by letters, or no numbers at all, the expression consists only of variables and signs of mathematical actions, it is called algebraic. The fundamental difference between a numerical value and an algebraic value is that the numeric expression has only one value. For example, the value of the numeric expression 56-2 * 3 will always be 50, nothing can be changed. Algebraic meanings can have many expressions, because any number can be substituted for a letter. So, if you substitute 9 for b in b-7, the value of the expression will be 2, and if 200 it will be 193.