Tip 1: What are the functions of the nervous system
Tip 1: What are the functions of the nervous system
The human nervous system has a complex, multi-structure and performs a number of vital functions that regulate and coordinate the activity of the whole organism.
You will need
- Scheme of the human nervous system.
Instructions
1
The nervous system is divided into peripheral andthe central one. The latter includes the head and the spinal cord - it is from these organs that the nerve fibers that permeate the entire body diverge. The structural unit of the entire nervous system is neurons. Nerve fibers and nodes that spread throughout the body enter the peripheral system, which ensures the interaction of the brain with glands, muscles and sensory organs. Accordingly, each of the two types of nervous system performs its functions. Also conventionally, the nervous system is divided into somatic (animal) and vegetative.
2
The first is responsible for receiving incentives,coming from the outside world, their interconnectedness and coordination of movements. It controls the musculature of the skeleton, tongue, larynx and pharynx. Animal or animal it is called because sensitivity and movement are inherent only in animals.
3
The vegetative system consists of sympathetic andparasympathetic section. The first is responsible for the dilatation of the pupil, increased pulse, increased pressure. His work is controlled by sympathetic spinal centers. The second section regulates the functioning of the bladder, rectum, genital organs, and also controls the glossopharyngeal nerve.
4
Main functions of the central nervous systemare allocated depending on whether the organ (head or spinal cord) that is meant. In general, the task of the central system is to perform reflexes, i.e. different reflective reactions. The brain is divided into the intermediate and final. The first consists of the hypothalamus - the center of emotions, hunger, satiety, pleasure, heat exchange and heat production, metabolism; The thalamus, responsible for filtering and primary processing of incoming information; limbic system that forms behavior.
5
Central nervous system support functionperform special cells of neuroglia, which participate in the metabolism of cells. They create a special environment for neurons, providing impulse transfer.
6
Conducting function carries a white matterspinal cord, which is a bundle of tightly packed nerve fibers. This is a kind of connecting thread between the brain and spinal cord, parts, segments of the brain.
7
A conditional reflex function is performed by the cortexthe brain, which represents higher nervous activity. This function regulates the work of all organs and underlies the mental activity of man.
Tip 2: What is the autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system is part of the nervoussystem, which regulates the activity of involuntary musculature of internal organs, muscles of the heart, skin, vessels and glands. It is divided into two departments - sympathetic and parasympathetic.
Instructions
1
The autonomic nervous system is aa complex of peripheral nerves that regulate the work of the lungs, heart, digestive system and other internal organs. Its main task is the adaptation of organs to the needs of the organism, depending on the conditions of the external environment.
2
The centers of the autonomic nervous system are invarious parts of the central nervous system: in the sacral and chest-lumbar segments of the spinal cord, as well as in the oblong and middle sections of the brain. Its parasympathetic division forms nerve fibers that depart from the nuclei of the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, as well as from the sacral segments of the dorsal, while the fibers emerging from the nuclei of the lateral horns of the thoracic lumbar segments of the spinal cord form a sympathetic division.
3
One of the most important features of the functioning of the autonomic nervous system is that the activity of one of its departments is accompanied by the oppression of the other.
4
The activity of the sympathetic system is manifested indaytime or with body strain, it is expressed in the increase in heart rate, increased breathing, dilated pupils, increased blood pressure and increased peristalsis of the intestine. At night, the parasympathetic system becomes more active, its activity is expressed in opposite phenomena: a decrease in the pulse, a narrowing of the pupils.
5
Nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system inseveral times thinner than somatic fibers, their diameter is from 0.002 to 0.007 mm. The rate of excitation is lower in them than in the somatic nervous system.
6
Most of the internal organs are suitablefibers of both sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system, and these departments deny the opposite effect on the work of the organs. This mechanism is called double innervation.
7
Double innervation, which exerts the oppositeeffect, provides a reliable regulation of the internal organs. For example, when the sympathetic nerves are excited, the rhythm of contractions of the cardiac muscle becomes faster and the lumen of the blood vessels narrows. When the parasympathetic nerves are excited, the opposite effect is observed.
8
Violations of vegetative nervous activitysystems can manifest as insomnia or drowsiness, various emotional disorders, for example, aggressiveness, pathological appetite or urinary incontinence. Light manifestations of violations - attacks of palpitations, moist palms and redness of the face.
Tip 3: What are the functions of language as a sense organ
The language of man serves him not only forconversational speech, but also is the most important sense organ with which it can distinguish the taste of food. This is possible, thanks to the special anatomical structure of the language.
Instructions
1
The organs of human senses are specializedanatomical and physiological system, whose task is to obtain information from the environment or the body itself and the earliest or primary analysis of this information. In other words, sense organs are obliged to signal to people whether this or that event is dangerous or not, whether it is useful or not, whether it is worth attention and so on. Language is the contact organ of the senses, which means that it is able to evaluate information only by direct contact with the stimulus (as opposed to distant sensory organs, for example, eyes or ears).
2
Language is a muscular sense organ that hassixteen muscles, and therefore he is very agile. Mobility allows you to quickly try food, chew and swallow it, and it also turns out to be an extremely important detail in breastfeeding, because suckling a baby's breast is carried out with the help of the tongue.
3
The tongue is covered with a mucous membrane. It, in turn, is covered with taste buds. It is these papillae, in the tissues of which taste receptors are located, that allow a person to determine the taste of a particular food.
4
For sensitivity to salty and sweet tastespecial mushroom papillae respond. They are scattered all over the area of the tongue, except the central part. The smallest of them are at the very tip, and the big ones are next to the molars. The total number may exceed one thousand. In their epithelial layer are located the so-called taste bulbs, whose receptor cells produce a taste sensation.
5
Sour taste helps identify leaf-shapedPapillae located mainly along the sides of the tongue and in the region of the palatine arches. These papillae are similar to those of the round form, they are divided into folds, in the depths of which are the ducts of serous glands.
6
For a bitter taste meet the grooved papillae, theirstill called papillae, surrounded by a shaft. They are near the root of the tongue, their taste buds are hidden in the walls of the depression, at the bottom of which are open ducts of serous glands.
7
All papillae recognize the taste, thanks to the presence ofso-called gustatory bulbs, or kidneys, whose receptor apparatus and allows you to recognize the taste of a particular food. The food substance, dissolved by saliva, penetrates into the bulbs and causes the excitation of chemoreceptors. Receptors produce a nerve impulse, which is transmitted to the brain through the fibers of the facial nerve. The brain deciphers the received signal and recognizes the taste of food.
Tip 4: The importance of the nervous system for a person
The nervous system analyzes incoming from outsidesignals and carries out responses through the muscles, vessels, glands, etc. In addition, it maintains the constancy of the internal environment of the body and performs nervous regulation of functions.
The nervous system coordinates activitieshuman body, is responsible for the work of all its internal organs, systems and apparatus, as well as for correlation with the external environment. It is from the reaction of the nervous system that the speed of man's adaptability to the rapidly changing conditions of life depends.
The main tasks of the nervous system
Through the sense organs and the end of nerves, a personreceives information from outside and reacts to internal influences, responding with motor activity and secreting secrets - saliva, gastric and intestinal juices, sweat and hormones. The nervous system analyzes the incoming signals (nerve impulses) and responds through the glands, muscles, vessels and other systems, adapting to changing conditions. It is responsible for the activity of organs, cells, tissues, systems and apparatus, maintaining the constancy of the internal "microclimate" of the organism and exercising the nervous regulation of functions.The significance of the CNS and PNC
To get more information about the valuenervous system for a person, it is necessary to understand the work of the central and peripheral nervous systems. In general, the nervous system in man is formed by the following organs: the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, nerve nodes, cranial nerves and nerve endings. The central nervous system includes the spinal cord and the brain. PNS is represented by spinal cord, cranial nerves, nerve nodes that lie in all parts of the human body, and nerve endings. The main function of the central nervous system is the implementation of reactions of various levels of complexity called reflexes. Peripheral nervous system serves as a link between the central nervous system and limbs, organs. Its neurons are located far beyond the spinal cord and brain. Due to the correct operation of the PNS, coordination of movements has consistency. This system provides a conscious control of human actions. Thanks to her well-coordinated actions, he reacts to stress and danger. When agitated, it increases the heart rate and increases the level of adrenaline. On the functions performed, the nervous system is divided into somatic and vegetative. The first organizes the work of the musculoskeletal system and the skin, controls deliberate movements. The vegetative system ensures the connection of organs, systems, glands and vessels with each other, regulates metabolism. The work of the autonomic nervous system is not controlled by human consciousness.Tip 5: How to treat the autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system, consisting ofcentral and peripheral structures, pervades the whole organism, on the one hand controlling it, on the other - being completely dependent on it. The main sign of a violation of her work is vegetative-vascular dysfunction. A systemic disease that affects all organs and systems. There are cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive disorders.
You will need
- - phytotherapy;
- - maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Instructions
1
Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia are veryvarious: increased meteosensitivity, a feeling of heat or chilliness in the usual temperature conditions, severe palpitation, unpleasant symptoms in the intestine, unstable blood pressure, complaints of headache or dizziness, upset of the genitourinary system, etc. There are so many different violations that the diagnosis of IRR is often difficult, and, as a rule, is the diagnosis of an exception after ECG, field of vision, examination of the oculist, cardiologist, psychotherapist, endocrinologist, clinical analysis of urine and blood.
2
Only after carrying out all the research,identification of the weakest places in the health of the patient is possible choice of treatment tactics. As a rule, a complex recovery of the whole organism is necessary, as well as a direct effect on the vegetative nervous the system. The medication is prescribed by the attending physician individually, based on the patient's condition. But the main requirement is to lead a healthy lifestyle.
3
First, it is necessary to correct the functions of organs,causing the greatest concern. In the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, it is recommended to use collections of medicinal herbs recommended for colitis, gastroduodenitis, enterocolitis, but in a dose lower than in acute pathology. The food should be moderate and varied.
4
With hepatic pathology, limit fried and fatty. In addition to collecting medicinal herbs, it is recommended to receive the course of hepatoprotectors - "Karsila", "Essentiale Forte", etc.
5
With kidney diseases - take "renal teas", limit salt and spicy food.
6
Organize the correct mode of work and rest. Daily exercise, but not fatigue. Useful swimming, fast walking, playing tennis, etc.
7
Contrast shower, regular massage, meditation,auto-training, aromatherapy, music and color therapy, acupuncture and acupressure, communication with nature - refer to activities that contribute to a significant improvement of the VNS.
Tip 6: What is the function of the hormone progesterone
Progesterone (progestin, progestin) isthe main hormone of pregnancy. Most progesterone functions are aimed at maintaining pregnancy. Out of pregnancy, progesterone regulates the menstrual cycle, normalizes the work of the ovaries, affects the exchange of microelements.
