Tip 1: How did the unemployment rate in Russia
Tip 1: How did the unemployment rate in Russia
The unemployment rate is the amount that determinespercent ratio of the total number of able-bodied population in the country to the number of unemployed able-bodied citizens. This is a criterion of the state of the economy, having in each country its valid value. The unemployment rate is taken into account in the compilation of all economic forecasts and calculations that are used in planning the development of the entire state as a whole and its individual territories.
The unemployment rate in Russia is similar,as in other countries, is one of the main indicators of the state of the economy. According to the Federal State Statistics Service, from January to April 2012, this figure in our country was 6.5%, and since May, it has been reduced to 5.4%. But most likely the decrease in the unemployment rate does not indicate positive changes in the sphere of the economy, but is connected with the seasonal factor, in particular with the beginning of agricultural work. According to the results of the last few years, experts estimated the unemployment rate in Russia as constantly declining - in 2009 it was 9 %. But today's figures will no longer seem so joyful given that they are averaged. There are regions in which unemployment exceeds the average several times. To such regions, first of all, Ingushetia, where the unemployment rate in the I quarter of 2012 was 48.9%, Chechnya - 35.3%, the Republic of Tyva - 21.7%, Altai Territory - 17.2 %, Kalmykia - 13.3%, Kabardino-Balkaria - 13%, Dagestan - 12.7%. In the Astrakhan, Kaliningrad and Kurgan regions, unemployment is 10.4, 10.1 and 11.9%, respectively. Particular attention of the government is attracted to the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District. Here the number of able-bodied population, who lives on a dependent, exceeds the number of those who are engaged in production. Economists believe that this was caused by overpopulation, lack of production, and a high level of corruption. The same problem is in mono-towns - the legacy of the Soviet period, when in isolated settlements working for the defense industry, a closed life-support regime was created in which all of its systems were in charge of one enterprise. Such settlements are especially numerous in Siberia and the Urals. The only way out of the current situation, according to experts, is the development of the Russian manufacturing sector and the increase in the number of small businesses. For this, first of all, the state's interest and support is needed.
Tip 2: What is Urbanism
Today you can often hear the word "urban", or"Urbanization", which is used in various industries - from industrial to cultural. It is used more often abroad, but in recent years it has been heard increasingly in Russia. What does this unusual word mean and with what processes is it connected?
Cities and the development of society
The term "Urbania" comes from the Latin word"Urbanus", which means "urban". Urbania is called the process of increasing the role of cities in the active development of society - for example, the prerequisites for it are the growth of urban industry, political and cultural functions, as well as territorially divided labor. The main features of urbanization is the migration of the population of villages and small towns to large cities, where people are employed and bring their cultural and domestic factor to megacities. The return process, when people move from large cities to small towns and villages, is called ruralization. In addition, urban processes occur in the formation of broad zones of suburbs, the transformation of rural settlements into urban-type settlements and the migration of provincial residents to cities. There is also the concept of "urban nature", which is associated with the transformation of natural landscapes into artificial landscapes. Urbania usually goes hand in hand with most political state processes - for example, many historians consider urbanization and the evolution of statehood to be interrelated concepts.Suburbanization
Suburban Urban or Suburbanizationis represented by the processes of growth and development of metropolitan suburbs, which are formed in urban agglomerations. In the process of suburbanization, the growth rates of the suburban population and the well-being of people are significantly increased. The result is the possibility of building "rural type" houses in clean suburban areas where there is much lower noise and air pollution, as well as a lot of greenery and resting atmosphere. The feature of suburbanization is the fact that people continue to work in megacities while living in the suburbs . Suburban urban development today is assessed in different ways and not always positively, since the residents of the suburban area depend heavily on cars due to the lack of public transport. The large influx of people into cities, which exceeds the need for workers and contributes to higher unemployment and aggravates many social and economic problems, also causes concern. Hourly trips of suburban residents to cities provoke congestion, air pollution, loss of time and other problems, so developed countries are trying to develop in the suburbs routes of light rail and public transport.Tip 3: What is the fertility rate?
In order to evaluate or predict allpopulation change in the country there is a concept - the birth rate and the fertility rate of the population, which is a more accurate indicator.
