How to choose the reinforcement for the foundation
How to choose the reinforcement for the foundation
The foundation is the main element of the structure,which takes over the entire load of the house and distributes it on the ground. Concrete is a material that is strong enough to compress, but it does not withstand high tensile loads, so reinforcement of the foundation is required to eliminate this shortcoming. The choice of fittings for this has its own nuances.
Instructions
1
First, determine the types of fittings,required for the construction of the planned building. Often, all types of reinforcement are used. The armature is made of round steel with a periodic or smooth profile. A smooth profile is often used to reinforce foundations, but not as often as periodic. The latter has the form of round bars with cross strips, which promote the adhesion of rods to concrete. The choice of reinforcement depends on the strength of the foundation, so you need to think carefully.
2
When using a periodic profile,especially attention to the position of the strips, their step, on all this depends the strength of the reinforcement and its ability to cohesion. Also pay attention to the diameter of the reinforcement. For the construction of a foundation of such a light structure as a small bathhouse, a gazebo, a house in a garden plot, it is quite possible to use a reinforcement of diameter not more than 1.2 cm.
3
Before calculating the required quantityreinforcement for the foundation, remember that the vertical bars increase the shear strength. Such rods in the foundation play an auxiliary role, so for this purpose it is necessary to select a certain type of reinforcement, different from the basic horizontal frame.
4
For a strip foundation, as a rule,a ribbed armature with a cross-sectional diameter of 10-22 mm is used, and as an auxiliary rod a reinforcement with a smooth profile of 4-10 mm in diameter is used. The reinforcement is fixed at the top and bottom of the mesh along the entire length of the concrete strip. Such a steel structure gives the foundation the required rigidity and strength for bending and breaking.
5
If you are planning to build a monolithic foundation,then you need to more carefully calculate everything, because the design is more complicated. The reinforcing cage assumes a tensile load, so the bars of the reinforcement must be laid as close as possible to the base of the monolith. Calculate the required amount of reinforcement on a monolithic foundation, select the required diameter, step.
6
Remember that the calculation for each localityindividual and depends on many factors: the depth of freezing, the proximity of groundwater, soil composition, etc. Also keep in mind that all your independent calculations are approximate, so make a large margin of safety for certainty.
7
Decide on the choice of fittings for monolithicfoundation. As a rule, reinforcement with a periodic profile of a diameter of 12-16 mm is used. Reinforcing mesh should consist of upper and lower belts of steel reinforcement to form squares with a side of 20 cm. The distance from the top to the bottom of the reinforcement bar should be 10 cm.
