Tip 1: How to make a foundation for a foundation
Tip 1: How to make a foundation for a foundation
The formwork is installed for casting foundation. Doing it must be smooth and steady,so that the frozen solution acquires the desired even shape. In building supermarkets there is a huge selection of formwork shields, which are installed using the prefabricated method. If desired, you can do formwork from a dry, smooth surface.
You will need
- -tes or finished shields
- -Responses and supports
- -Nails
- -reficer or thick film
Instructions
1
Make markup foundation. It should be carried out in a strictly designated place on the construction passport. Width foundation You need to do according to what kind of walls you areplan to deliver. The foundation must be wider than the walls being erected. Excavate the pit. Excavation dig deeper than the freezing level of the soil, but above the groundwater.
2
After excavating the pit, install the racks forfastening formwork. On them, fill a level dry test with the required height. Inside the tesso, you need to install the spacers, and the outside of the support. It is necessary for sustainability to formwork did not lead to pouring a solution into it. If you have crevices, then inside it is necessary to cover with a ruberoid or a thick film, otherwise the solution will flow out from the slits and sides foundation will not be stiff.
3
When installing ready-made metal shields alsoIt is necessary to install spacers and supports at a distance of 50-70 centimeters from each other inside and outside. Otherwise, a large mass of poured solution will crush the shields in different directions. Convenient ready shields in that they can be disassembled and used repeatedly. Inside, there is no need to tighten, since they are installed tightly and the solution does not leak.
4
When installing columnar foundation It is necessary to measure the exact distance from the post to the post. For each pillar it is necessary to make your own formwork as described above.
Tip 2: How to build a foundation for a foundation
The construction of the house begins with erectionfoundation. Decking is a design that helps to keep the shape of the future foundation, to fill it with the maximum speed and high quality indicators.
You will need
- - Tes;
- - nails;
- - Screws;
- - metal pipes;
- - expanded polystyrene;
- - metal rods;
- - Sand and gravel;
- - fittings;
- - polyethylene film.
Instructions
1
Quality formwork must withstand pressurefilled in concrete, without changing its geometric shape. Additionally, it is necessary to take care of the sealing of the formwork to prevent leakage of the solution.
2
As a formwork it is possible to use a wooden, steel or expanded polystyrene carcass. For a columnar foundation, often formwork is made of metal pipes of a certain diameter.
3
When installing metal formwork is availableThe possibility of quickly solving the problem of the configuration of the future foundation. Metal can be bent at any angle and give the structure the necessary geometric shape.
4
Reinforced concrete formwork is installed atindustrial construction, since their prime cost is quite high. Formwork made of expanded polystyrene can be bought in the store of building goods or rented. The advantages of installing such a design are in the ease of installation, dismantling and affordable price.
5
Before installing the formwork of any materialscarry out the necessary marking of the vertical and horizontal surfaces, install metal rods, along which they will dig the pit. The bottom of the excavation should be carefully strengthened with a sand-gravel mixture. Then proceed to the direct installation of the formwork.
6
The erection of all elements of the formwork is carried outimmediately before the assembly of the reinforcing cage, if the formwork itself is removable or after installation, if you do not plan to disassemble the formwork and leave it as the foundation of the foundation.
7
If the foundation is sufficiently powerful, with an externalside of the formwork should be made spacers. Without them, the structure can not withstand the weight of the concrete solution, which will lead to the destruction of the already established formwork.
8
Inside, the wooden formwork is covered with plastic wrap. This will help prevent leakage of mortar, and the foundation will be more even.
9
Fill the foundation immediately after installationformwork. If you have all carefully strengthened, the formwork can withstand the onset of the entire mass of the concrete slurry. Correctly installed formwork allows you to fill the foundation entirely, using the brought concrete. You can not be afraid that at the most critical moment your formwork will fall apart.
Tip 3: When to remove formwork from the foundation
It is necessary to remove the formwork from the foundation after the expirationa certain period, during which the concrete will solidify and reach the required strength. This period depends on the environmental conditions, the size of concrete slabs and other factors.
Formwork is a wooden, metal orAnother design that is fixed in a certain position so that concrete or reinforced concrete can be poured to create a foundation. Once the foundation is ready, the formwork is removed, but the concrete must completely solidify and achieve the required degree of strength, so it is very important to remove the structure after a certain time, which depends on the thickness of the concrete slab, the external conditions and loads on the concrete.
When to remove formwork
Concrete requires at least twenty-eightdays, to acquire all the necessary properties that are necessary for the foundation to withstand the load of the building. Some builders mistakenly believe that this means that the formwork from the foundation needs to be removed only after this time, which significantly extends the construction time. In fact, formwork does not necessarily have to stand on the foundation all the time, it can be removed earlier, and concrete will continue to gain its properties as construction continues. The first sign that the formwork can be removed - the sheets began to lag behind the masonry, which means that the concrete began to give off water, and it's time to remove the structure. Typically, this happens about a week after the foundation is poured. The time for hardening of concrete in the formwork also depends on the temperature and other environmental conditions. So, at a temperature of + 15 ° C and low humidity, after six days you can remove the formwork, the higher the humidity and the lower the temperature - the longer the time is set.The minimum term for the removal of the formwork is determined by the designer, who takes into account all conditions of concreting.
How to remove formwork
It is rather difficult to remove formwork, this processrequires accuracy, since it is very important not to damage the concrete plane. First, the structures surrounding the supporting supports are removed, then the elements are removed from the top down. The first need to dismantle the clamping bolts, then the corner elements - it is in the corners and around the edges that the concrete freezes faster. Then you need to remove the grasping ribs and disconnect the shields.When removing the formwork it is desirable to keep it in good condition, then to use it on other objects.The process of removing the formwork takes from severaldays to a week. It is important not to disrupt it with lifting mechanisms so as not to damage concrete, to act cautiously, without using impact force. Proper dismantling affects not only the appearance, but also the quality of the foundation.
Tip 4: Formwork with your hands - a practical solution for the foundation
The strength of the foundation and its durability depend on how well the formwork is assembled. Therefore, the installation of this design should be taken with due attention.
The most common material forarrangement of formwork under the foundation - a tree, which is due to the availability of sawn timber and its relatively low cost. In order to build a high-quality construction, you will need unedged boards with a thickness of 30 mm (if the foundation width does not exceed 40 cm, then boards with a thickness of 20-25 mm will fit), 40x40 or 40x50 mm blocks, nails or screws.
Installation of a strip foundation foundation
First, it is necessary to build out boards from all over themthe length of the original elongated shields; for this, join the lumber with bars so that the latter stick out 30-40 cm downwards. From the bottom, sharpen the bars - they will simultaneously play the role of pegs. The height of the formwork must correspond to the planned height of the basement. Inspect the contact areas of the boards - if the size of the slots exceeds 3 mm, then use the patch so that the solution is not squeezed outward. Three-millimeter slots can be left, because during the pouring, the lumber will swell. When the formwork leaves the ground more than 20 cm, it is necessary to use additional stops (bars), which at one end must rest against the walls of the formwork, others - in the ground.Decking for columnar foundation
For equipping the columnar foundation more oftenall use already prepared poles of reinforced concrete. However, if you can not find the necessary supports, you can make them yourself. For this, it is necessary to make a formwork for the pouring of foundation pillars of square section. Of the boards with a thickness of at least 25-30 mm, 2 pairs of shields are collected, the length of which corresponds to the height of the foundation pillars. On the outside, the boards are fastened with shorter lengths using self-tapping screws or nails. Next, you need to connect the shields with nails or self-tapping screws so that the box turns out. The latter is lowered into a previously excavated pit (the depth should be below the freezing level). The part projecting above the ground must be further strengthened by spacers on each side. As the spacers you can use the same boards, which one end should be nailed to the box, the other - to rest in the ground. In this case, it is necessary to observe the vertical with the help of a building level, a plumb line. If you still had to use thin boards (less than 25 mm thick), then the outer part of the box should also be tied with suitable clamps from, for example, metal bars fastened with bolts and nuts.Tip 5: Building a foundation for the house: drainage, insulation, reinforcement
The foundation is where thebuilding a future home. The most important point is to carry out the necessary calculations taking into account the load bearing of the future building. The level of soil freezing in the region and the depth of groundwater are also taken into account.
Foundation pit
After all calculations, excavate the excavation. If the foundation is tape or monolithic, all the soil inside the excavation should be further strengthened. As a rule, first an excavator is working at the construction site, then everyone is leveled with shovels and carries out corresponding measures to strengthen. Pour a minimum of 50 cm of gravel on the bottom of the foundation pit, all carefully pound it. If the soil is loose enough, additionally add river sand mixed with small gravel. All again carefully tamper. It's now time to start assembling the formwork. Currently, the formwork under the foundation can be bought ready. It is demountable and after the completion of all the work you can easily disassemble it and, if necessary, you can install it on the next building site. Inside the formwork, mount the reinforcement cage. Its side racks must be carefully welded. Longitudinal reinforcement can be fixed with a special wire. Direct foundation pouring begins after all preparatory work.Warming the foundation is a guarantee that the concrete will not be subject to temperature changes and destruction over time.Pour the foundation under the house you can mortar,prepared independently or buy the necessary quantity of a solution already prepared. To you it will be delivered by concrete trucks, and you can immediately fill the whole area of the basement.
When to drain and warm the foundation
Drainage is carried out when pouring the foundation. Take care of drawing up a plan for the drainage of thawed and groundwater. At a certain depth, lay the pipes with a slight inclination towards the gutters or pit. Soak the soil around thoroughly with sand and rubble. Upon completion of the construction around the foundation, it is necessary to make a casting from the cement slurry.When making calculations before pouring the foundation, invite professionals to help determine the level of groundwater table and the depth of soil freezing.External and internal insulation is carried outsimultaneously with the work on the insulation of the constructed house. Currently, the market for building products presents modern insulating materials, with which you can easily conduct thorough insulation. Penopolyurethane or polystyrene - these materials are widely used during the foundation warming. They possess heat; hydro-; soundproofing properties and allow without additional waterproofing to make a thorough insulation, as well as sufficiently affordable.
