Tip 1: Supply and exhaust ventilation with recovery

Apartment and cottage

Tip 1: Supply and exhaust ventilation with recovery

In houses of old construction forcedair ventilation in the premises was provided by the most natural, simple and affordable way - through the slots in the window frames, loosely closed doors, hatches, etc. The use of modern heat-saving technologies and building materials makes such air exchange impossible, therefore in modern buildings, ventilation and extraction systems are used with recuperation.

How the supply and exhaust system with recuperation works

In today's realities, when the air, not only incity, but also in the suburbs, where there are noisy motorways, is very polluted, ventilation systems can be seen in multi-apartment buildings and private houses. Its installation should be taken into account at the earliest stage of construction - even when designing. The initial point of any system of supply ventilation is the exhaust grille on the facade of the house from which the duct runs. Air pumps and fans deliver air to the premises of the house, and the exhaust devices simultaneously remove the exhaust air from them. Usually, exhaust fans and devices are installed in bathrooms, bathrooms and kitchens. There is an air exchange at which cold air enters the house from the outside, and the warm, spent is removed through the deflector installed on the roof.

The use of recuperators makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the ventilation system by 70% and to reduce almost by half the power consumption needed to heat the incoming air.

It should be said that the system itselfsupply and exhaust ventilation is quite expensive and, in addition, its operation also costs "a pretty penny". The recuperator built into it allows to significantly reduce costs, as it makes unnecessary the constant use of the air heaters, which heat the cold air coming from the street. The recuperator is a chamber with fans, divided into two parts by a thin aluminum or polypropylene plate. In one compartment of this chamber comes fresh cold air, and towards it moves a stream of warm air, which is already output by the system to the outside. The heat exchanger and heating of cold air take place in the recuperator, and the heaters are used only for additional heating in the cold season.

How to prevent recuperation of the recuperator

It would seem that everything is fine, but there is a threatfreezing of the recuperator, at which ice can form on its plates and gradually block the channels through which air flows. This situation occurs when the exhaust air is cooled down to a value below the dew point if the outdoor temperature is substantially less than 0 ° C. If you do not take any measures, the supply and exhaust ventilation system will be able to resume work only after the incoming air reaches a positive temperature. To avoid this, several engineering solutions are implemented in the supply and exhaust systems equipped with heat recuperators. They can be fitted with an electric heater that heats the incoming air to those temperature values when condensate and ice are not formed. But the most reliable and economical is the use of an electronic defrost system, the operation of which can be tied to several parameters. This can be a specific date set for a particular region, from which it is necessary to preheat the incoming air, or such a parameter can be a set value of its temperature. In these cases, the operation of the recuperator is organized cyclically: for some time it works simultaneously at the inlet and outlet, then the supply fan is switched off and the recuperator is heated by the warm air coming through the exhaust fan. This cyclic mode of operation is maintained automatically all the time when it is necessary.

Application of supply and exhaust systems with recovery

Supply and exhaust systems with recoveryare monoblock constructions, which include fans, air filters of fine and coarse cleaning, heaters, heat and sound insulators. These systems provide air exchange without recirculation, i. E. The exhaust air does not flow back into the rooms, they clean the air coming from the street and heat it to a comfortable temperature.

Calculation of the required system capacityventilation is carried out taking into account the current standards for residential buildings and facilities - for each square meter of the room you need 2-5 cubic meters of air per hour.

Installation of such systems is advisable in buildingsand the rooms where the windows are sealed, they are used for ventilation of apartments, offices, concert halls, industrial bakeries, converter shops, etc. The use of such systems in country houses and cottages is complicated by the choice of location for this rather bulky equipment. If there is no possibility to allocate a separate premise for him on the first floor, where the kitchen, laundry and bathrooms are located, the system can be installed in the fenced place of the basement or the basement, as well as in the attic. In these cases, you will need to take care of the thermal insulation of the supply and discharge pipes and equipment to prevent the formation of condensation, which can lead to damage to this expensive system.

Tip 2: The purpose, arrangement and operation of ventilation systems

Ventilation provides fresh air inpremises, as well as the withdrawal of spent, wet, with carbon dioxide, with extraneous smells of air from the premises. Ventilation provides the necessary conditions for a normal human life in terms of clean air for a comfortable stay in the room. Modern ventilation systems are capable of cleaning, heating up cold and cooling hot air, moisturizing and drying, ionizing, filtering.

Principles of ventilation

As the main indicator of the work of ventilation in the housetake the multiplicity of air exchange per hour or how many cubic meters of air will be updated during this time. For different rooms, different rates of exchange are established depending on the intensity of use, purpose, availability of equipment, for example, a cooker or a gas column. So, SNiPy, building norms and rules, set the standard for the kitchen in the volume of 60-90 cubic meters per hour, for a bedroom of 30 cubic meters per hour per person. Why so many? In a dream, a man emits a lot of steam when breathing. He accumulates in the bedroom and in the cold season settles condensation on the walls and linen. Therefore, the windows are sweating, the walls and bed become wet. To remove excess moisture, you need a constant air exchange. The important moment of ventilation in the house is how the air flows. The influx of fresh air should be in the bedrooms, the living room, the office. Then the air should move to areas of higher humidity and odors: the kitchen, bathroom, toilet. In this case, drafts must not be formed. In modern country houses are equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation for each room.

The device, or what kinds of ventilation exist

Ventilation systems are divided according to the principlemovement of air masses to natural and forced. Natural ventilation operates on the principle of the difference in height in the building, the difference in ambient air temperatures and in the room. Natural air exchange is possible with leaking or open windows and doors, ventilation holes in the kitchen and bathroom. But this way of ventilation is unreliable. It is cheap in terms of organization, but costly in terms of energy saving houses. By appointment, ventilation systems are divided into supply, exhaust or supply-exhaust. The supply unit has a device for preparing air before entering the premises and its supply system. The excess and exhaust air through the ventilation openings, windows and doors naturally goes out. In exhaust ventilation, on the contrary, at the output, the fan removes the polluted air, and the flow passes naturally. The best option is a supply-and-exhaust ventilation device, where the prepared air is supplied, and the waste is taken from the premises, taking into account its correct movement throughout the premises of the house. In multifamily houses, general ventilation is often used, and in particularly contaminated work areas - local. The most progressive ventilation system is considered to be recuperation. This is supply and exhaust ventilation, where the exhausted heated air heats the air supply, cold or vice versa. This ventilation method has all the advantages of the supply and exhaust system, but it allows to significantly reduce the costs for the preparation of clean incoming air and its heating / cooling. By design, the ventilation systems are divided into channel and non-channel. In the first case, ventilating ducts or trays are laid. In the second - the air flows move directly through the ventilated rooms.