Tip 1: How to make a second floor in a room
Tip 1: How to make a second floor in a room
The most common type of housing iscottage. Unlike apartment buildings, it has an autonomous location and, together with the backyard buildings, is a full-fledged residential complex. Time passes, the number of families increases, and free space becomes less and less. Cope with this problem can be very quickly, if you increase the living area of the room by building a second floor.
Instructions
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Before you get down to business, all is wellconsider, organize a family council, in which each member of the family should express their opinion on this matter. Chat with friends, watch special magazines and programs on TV - with their help you will get a lot of interesting and useful information. Draw a schematic drawing of the second floor of the room on paper, depict it as you would like to see it.
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To begin with, you must get a conclusionexperts on the carrying capacity of the floor of the room and its suitability for erecting this structure. Ask for help from a specialist, so that during the work, he should monitor the correctness of their performance, especially the reliability of the connection beams. If necessary, he himself will carry out the most complex operations and help solve complex issues.
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Remember that to create a second floor in the room you will need a lot of building material. Everything should be carefully planned and prepared in advance.
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First of all, install a strong frame from the bar. Then lay the beams out of the beam on top of the frame. The entire structure should be very carefully attached to the floor and to the walls. Attach it with special brackets. Buy them in advance at the building store.
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The beam for work must be goodDried. Better take the glued, since it is the most durable and fully ready to work. Pay special attention to the most serious work, especially the connections of parts made of wood. Then your "double room" will give you joy for many years.
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After you install the frame, cover the floorSecond floor boards. Their size and thickness depends on the expected load on the structure. Then make all your efforts and realize all your dreams. Make the room the way you always wanted it to be.
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Stairs and railings on the second floor do according to the possibilities of the square and your imagination. It can be made a screw or a ladder with a large angle.
Tip 2: How to make a spiral staircase
You decided to do in the house Staircase, but the interior space of the room is limited? In this case, you can choose the screw Staircase. It is practical, convenient and takes up relatively little space.
Instructions
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The design of the spiral staircase should be selectedso that it is not too cumbersome and simple enough to operate. There are many options of choice, which one you prefer, will depend on your abilities and skills in the construction business.
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The ladder should be, first of all, functional, that is, fulfill its purpose. And the main function of the spiral staircase is to provide convenient descent and lift in a limited space.
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The stand, steps and handrails are the main constructive elements of the future staircase. In the simplest case, they should be made of wood of different breeds.
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Steps for stairs you can, of course, orderIn a specialized workshop, but if you have certain skills and skills in working with wood, you can make them yourself. If you look at the steps from above, they will have a wedge shape.
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The best material for making steps is oak. Will fit and beech board. It is undesirable to use pine. Wood should be chosen so that there are no knots in it. The inner part of the step should be about 100 mm in size, the middle of about 200 mm. The length of the step, depending on the specific conditions, can be up to 800 mm.
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The narrow edge of the step must provide forhole for the rack, the diameter of which should be at least 50 mm. The outer part of the step assumes a place for fastening the handrail. The stand is a metal pipe, to which a flange with four holes is welded. The second end assumes the presence of a threaded connection.
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Install the screw Staircase Should be in the immediate vicinity of the angle of the twoWalls under the opening. The distance between steps is calculated in such a way that the last step coincides with the floor level of the upper floor of the room. The step height should not exceed 200-250 mm.
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To the steps are fastened racks for handrails. The wide side of each step of the spiral staircase is attached with a decorative detail, similar to a kerchief, a triangle or even a square. It is more convenient to make rails composite. Racks can be attached to the handrails of rails and steps with special glue composition.
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The spiral staircase, made by own hands, is ready. But, no matter how reliable it may be, one should be careful when using it, especially if there are small children in the house.
Tip 3: How to make the second floor
Before proceeding to the superstructure of the second floor, you need to weigh the pros and cons. As practice shows, new construction is easier to carry out than to remake already finished. Therefore it is easier to build a new two-storey house than to be engaged in the reconstruction of an existing one-story house. Besides, second floor doubles the problem: the installation of the floor, walls, ceiling and roof will need to be done at altitude. It will be more difficult to deliver materials from the ground to second floor. If you are not stopped - start building.
Instructions
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At the stage of the initial construction of the houseprovide in advance that in the future it will be continued. The construction of the roof should be such that the rafter system leaves free space for the device of the second floor (such as an attic).
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From wooden blocks 50х50мм and 50х100мм makeSkeleton. For this, sew them with nails to the vertical racks of the rafters. From the outside, from the attic side, cover with a lining, make a waterproofing, and fasten the heater. From the inside lay the vapor barrier film, make the crate and fix the plasterboard sheets to it.
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Then mount the ceiling. For the convenience of the work, it is advisable to remove part of the roof. Fasten the ends of the joists to the vertical racks of the rafters. From the bottom edge, fix the bars 50x50mm and lay the floor boards on them. On the boards from above lay layered vapor barrier film, a layer of insulation, waterproofing. From the bottom, sew the ceiling with sheets of plasterboard or plywood. Remove the outer roof that has been removed.
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Now it is necessary to make natural lighting of the second floor. To do this in the pediment make a window opening, andInsulate the wall from the side of the attic. If there is not enough light, you can additionally make a lantern-type roof over the supposed second window. To do this, you need to make a vertical gap of 100-120 cm in the roof. The height of the gap should be 40-50 cm from the ceiling of the attic. In the wall, make a window opening.
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Paul do the same as the first floor was made floor. The only difference is that on the secondThe floor of the rough floor does not spread. At the final stage, determine the installation site and the construction of the staircase, which will connect the first floor and attic. To save space, use a spiral staircase.
Tip 4: How to make the floor of the second floor
The installation of floors is one of the most importantInterior decoration of the house. Especially you should think about what type of floor to choose on the second floor, because it is not always possible to make a conventional concrete screed.
You will need
- - heater;
- - drywall;
- - laminate.
Instructions
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If you decide that the floor on the second floor will beUse the following tips for interior finishing work. Before laying pipes, spread out the roll insulation. Space between the pipes fill with pieces of thick plasterboard, which will give the "rigidity" of the structure. On top, place another layer of insulation, now you can lay, for example, a laminate.
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If you want to bed a real environmentally friendlyClean wooden floor, take care of careful selection of material. For a rough floor, there is enough flat board with no rot and low humidity. If you plan to use the second floor as a living room and prepare a board for painting, pay attention to the structure of the board: it should not contain knots, decaying surfaces and be absolutely dry (no more than 12% of humidity).
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Before laying the board, place a soundproofLayer of soundproof components (cork crumb, mineral wool or sawdust). Laying start from the far from the entrance of the wall, fastening the boards with nails, driving them at an angle of 30-50 °. Joint the floorboards on the logs.
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If you decide to build a frame type house fromStandard panels, the floor of the second floor will also be made of panel ceilings. Under the floor covering in this case, it is better to put a damping pad made of foamed polyethylene with a thickness of at least 3 mm. As a floor covering it is best to use a laminate.
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In the last decade,technology of adjustable floors, providing for the installation of wooden logs, attached to the base by plastic bolts-racks. The advantage of this technology in the speed of installation, the exclusion of a long period of drying and the possibility of laying additional soundproof and thermal insulation layers, as well as in the possibility of placing under the floor of any kind of communication. However, this technology laying floor can only be done by a specialist, which means, having chosen it, it is better to turn to a professional.
Tip 5: How to make a kopeck from a one-year-old
In a small one-room apartment there are many advantages: A small rent, coziness, compact furniture. But all this is good for a lonely person or for a couple in love. But these circumstances have the ability to change dramatically and then there is a need for a separate room. If there is no possibility to buy an apartment with two rooms, you can make a kopeck piece from one house.
You will need
- - photocopies of the technical plan of the apartment;
- - permission of the administration for the redevelopment of the apartment;
- - material for the device of partitions.
Instructions
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Make a photocopy of the apartment plan to create a room remodeling project on its basis. It is better to make a few copies, because you will probably have to repeatedly redo the drawing.
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If there is a demolition of existing walls in the apartmentAnd the construction of a new, established plan for approval and clarification of the conditions for the reorganization should be shown to the city or district administration. Do not wait for a quick result, the whole process of obtaining permission will take about a month and a half. Do not demolish walls without the approval of the administration, for this you will have to pay a fine and return the apartment to its original state. And, worst of all, unauthorized demolition of walls can lead to a collapse of the ceiling that lost the support.
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On the technical plan, the bearing walls, theircan not touch, mark for their own convenience their red marker. It is best to demolish the wall or part of it, connecting the kitchen and the hall, then when the partition is erected, there will be a bedroom in one room, and in the other - a living room with a kitchen. If the apartment is not angular (there may be an additional window), a similar distribution of walls will not leave without natural illumination any room received.
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Do not share a long room with a longitudinalpartition, it will not only turn the hall into two narrow corridors, but also the window in ugly will be divided in half. Make a transverse wall, but before that, always consider in which room the window will remain. The absence of natural light in the room can be compensated by correctly made electric.
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When planning the future kopeck piece will bedone, proceed with the selection of the material for the partition. The simplest option is drywall, sheets of which are very easily attached to metal guides. Between sheets of plasterboard can accommodate sound insulation and wiring. The installation of such partitions is quite cheap and does not leave a lot of debris behind. Drywall sheets are fireproof and do not need to be specially processed before finishing. On the other hand, drywall is fragile and vulnerable to moisture, so heavy objects can not be attached to such a wall.
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To save space and rational itInstead of using conventional walls, you can use suitable size sliding-door wardrobes. Such a large wardrobe will not only serve as a wall and storehouse of things, but will also help to remove a lot of things.
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Instead of bulky chiffonier you can useNarrow shelves. The rack can be either closed or an open structure that will visually make two smaller rooms more spacious. But this option is in no way suitable for the separation of the nursery, because it is more decorative zoning room than dividing it into two separate.
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Some apartments are of high altitudeceiling (about 3-4 meters), in this case you can try to build a full second floor. This option is quite expensive, and requires a solid construction, a ladder and good ventilation. But for all its complexity and cost, this idea in the end allows you to get not just the separation of odnushki, but a significant increase in living space.
Tip 6: How to make a podium in a room
Podium In the apartment is an elevation above thesex. Having resorted to such a constructive solution, it is possible to significantly expand the functionality of the room and solve the problem of lack of space for the arrangement of all necessary pieces of furniture.
Instructions
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Choosing the height of the podium and the place of its erection,make sure that it stands out. This will avoid contusions and injuries. Steps, if any, will be convenient. Counting the height of the podium, note that with his appearance, the distance between the floor and the ceiling will decrease, and this in turn will lead to a reduction in the amount of air in room.
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Monolithic podiums erected over wetTechnology of cement-sand screed, install in the apartment is impractical. The fact is that such a design because of its weight will have a huge load on the floor, rather than risk falling into the lower floor. In addition, you can not build a storage system in such a podium.
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A great alternative to monolithicskeleton podium. To make it, first erect a frame from a bar or metal, and then coat it with a slab material, such as an OSB plate or plywood, or a blackboard. From the top on the lining lay parquet, linoleum, laminate or carpet.
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Before placing the podium, find out whichThe maximum load is allowed on the overlap. For a standard apartment, this figure is 400-800 kg per 1m2. Then add the weight of the podium and the possible load on it.
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If you do not plan on making the podium furniture,it will be enough to make the design for a load of 150 kg / 1m2. In this case, use a beam with a cross section of 4 cm for the frame. Set the posts in 0.4-0.5 m increments. If you plan to install furniture on the podium, then calculate the weight and select the thickness of the racks, based on this circumstance. When loading the podium at 200 kg / m2, take a beam with a cross section of 5 cm or more. Stand at a distance of 0.4 m from each other.
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When making the frame, install boards undera right angle to each other and fasten with nails. Coat the frame with plywood, attaching it with screws to the boards. Complete the work by laying on the construction of the finish coat.
