Tip 1: How to compare machines

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Tip 1: How to compare machines

If you hesitate in choosing cars between several options, compare their pros and cons. You need to compare by several criteria, which include technical characteristics, controllability, comfort, security, service.

Instructions

You can compare only cars of the sameclass and similar technical characteristics. For example, a crossover with a crossover, a business class sedan with the same sedan of another brand. Only in this way the comparison of machines will have an obvious meaning. It is useless to compare cars different categories, say, an SUV with a golf class.

Start a comparison with the characteristics of acceleration and fuel consumption. With the same input data, all cars can have different acceleration seconds and differentconsumption of gasoline. It depends on the type of box, the weight of the car, and the engine speed. Suppose a robotic gearbox is installed on both machines, but in one of them a box with a double clutch (DSG). It is clear that the acceleration of the latter will be faster, although the volume of the engine they have the same.

It is not superfluous to compare and manageability. You can trust authoritative automobile publications, which regularly conduct comparative test drives. But it's better to try the car in motion yourself. This will help you test drives that offer car dealerships. During the trip, choose a less busy road, so as to accelerate and make maneuvers - turns, sharp rebuilding. This will help you feel the stability of the car, its behavior at high speed. Rolling this way on several cars, you yourself can choose the favorite of the races.

Compare the conditions of safety and comfort. How many airbags for each of the selected vehicles, how much luggage space and what options are included in the proposed package. To learn it is necessary and conditions of service: how it is necessary to pass THAT, approximate cost of repair of "weak" places. But the body design and practicality of the interior are individual characteristics.

Tip 2: Elimination of the kulaks as a class

In the life of Russian society there were many tragic events, but none of them can compare with the genocide of the Russian peasant in the process of collectivization.

Resolution of the Politburo of the CPSU (B.) On January 30, 1930. "On measures to eliminate kulak farms in areas of continuous collectivization" provided for the link in the uninhabited places of wealthy peasants who do not agree with the policy of the Soviet state. An unprecedented in its cynicism political act can be compared with a criminal offense when, without legal grounds, only by the decision of an illiterate rural asset well-to-do peasants were deprived not only of all their property, but also of civil rights and freedoms.

Who is a "kulak" from a legal point of view?

There was no clear definition of "fist", andunder him could be a really well-to-do peasant who has a really strong economy, and just an individual who used hired labor for the time of haymaking or other fieldwork. The cause of dispossession could be the personal dislike of the responsible persons who often can not sign the document. The general illiteracy of rural activists, who are for the most part not the most respected strata of village society, added chaos and lawlessness to the process and did not give popularity to the collective farms. An attempt to define the concept of "kulak" at the legislative level was made in the Council of People's Commissars on May 21, 1929 " kulak farms, in which the Code of Labor Laws should be applied. " Under the category of kulaks, well-to-do peasants who used hired labor, who had agricultural machines and equipment for processing agricultural products, were involved in trade.

Kulakization as a state policy in the agrarian sector

The goal of dekulakization became necessityto free the agrarian sector from individual farms, on which the entire economy of pre-revolutionary Russia was kept. The socialization of personal property, in fact, the complete abolition of the peasant household, could not but arouse discontent among the greater part of the peasantry, which led to widespread unrest. If in the first stages of dekulakization the main method of combating the so-called kulaks was eviction to uninhabited lands, against the Soviet authorities gave rise to the use of exceptional measures, that is, the physical destruction of the disaffected.

Effects of the struggle against the kulaks

In all documents of the period of collectivizationAttention was focused on the "class of kulaks" as at the object of liquidation. However, from the very beginning of the struggle, the treatment of representatives of the "class" did not raise doubts that a whole layer of the Russian people was being liquidated. Under the influence of a state mechanism based on the most brutal repressions, most of the truly talented farmers were physically destroyed along with the phenomenon of the kulaks. Collectivization was successfully completed, and along with it in the Ukraine, the North Caucasus, on the Volga - on the territories that had been dekulakized by dekulakization, Holodomor began.

Tip 3: What are the malfunctions of the chassis

The untimely detection of breakage of the running gear of the car is fraught with serious consequences: in addition to increasing the load on the body leading to its destruction, there may be emergencies.

Most often the cause of the malfunction of the suspensionThe car is the wear and tear of specific parts. This can be determined not only by visual inspection, but also by the characteristic noises, knocking that occurs when moving.

Steering levers and handpieces

The failure of the steering lever can be connectedwith a long service life and the resulting corrosion. Another reason may be connected with a breakdown as a result of factory marriages or accidents. Breakage of the steering lever is a very rare phenomenon, the steering tips are much more often damaged, which is a hinge structure, protected from penetration of dirt and dust by a special rubber cover. It is his damage that leads to premature failure of the part. Therefore, when visual inspection, pay attention to the condition of the rubber cover; in the presence of cracks, holes it must be replaced. The symptom of the malfunction of the steering tip is a noticeable backlash. Check it is simple: turn the steering wheel to the right and left and see how accurately transmitted its rotation to the wheels. When driving (speed about 60 km / h), the play is defined as a slow response to steering.

Silencers, springs and shock absorbers

The wear of silicone blocks (or rubber-metalhinges of the axes of the levers) leads to knocking in the suspension of the car, which are especially well audible when driving on a rough road. Also, the failure of the silentblock leads to a deterioration in the handling of the car. Visually, a bad hinge can be identified by crawling, cracked or torn rubber. Saylet blocks are not subject to repair - they can only be replaced. Spring breakage is a rare phenomenon, caused mainly by constant overload of the machine or factory waste. Wear of springs is much more common: this leads to a body subsidence, a decrease in clearance and, as a result, breakage of the suspension. If the springs are unevenly worn, the vehicle may move to the side when driving. Therefore, changing the springs, do it in the kit, i.e. put at once a pair of identical parts. Wear of these parts can be determined by the sagging of the body of the car or by grazing the body behind the wheel (typical for the rear springs) with the load on the rear seat, the trunk (for example, three passengers at the rear). Malfunction of the shock absorber is characterized by "breakdowns" (a sharp knock) of the suspension, which occur when the wheel hits even a small pit. Determine the suitability of the shock absorber can only by removing it. To do this, you need to compare the force when pulling the rod and pushing it: for a working part, pull the rod much harder than to press it.