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Instructions

1

The transformer is based on a phenomenon,Called electromagnetic induction. When a varying magnetic field is applied to the conductor, a voltage appears at the ends of this conductor, corresponding to the first derivative of the change of this field. Thus, when the field is constant, no voltage appears at the ends of the conductor. This voltage is very small, but it can be increased. For this it is sufficient to use instead of a straight conductor a coil consisting of the desired number of turns. Since the windings are connected in series, the voltages on them are summed. Therefore, other things being equal, the voltage will be greater than the single turn or straight conductor a number of times, corresponding to the number of turns.

2

You can create an alternating magnetic fielddifferently. For example, rotate a magnet near the coil - you will get a generator. In the transformer, for this purpose, another winding, called the primary, is used, and a voltage of this or that form is applied to it. In the secondary winding there is a voltage, the shape of which corresponds to the first derivative of the voltage form in the primary winding. If the voltage on the primary winding changes according to the sinusoidal law, on the secondary it will vary cosine. The coefficient of transformation (not to be confused with the coefficient of efficiency) corresponds to the ratio of the number of turns of windings. It can be either less or more than one. In the first case, the transformer will be decreasing, in the second - raising. The number of turns per volt (the so-called "number of turns per volt") is the same for all windings of the transformer. For industrial frequency transformers, it is at least 10, otherwise the efficiency drops and the heating increases.

3

The magnetic permeability of air is very small,so transformers without cores are used only when working at very high frequencies. In transformers of industrial frequency, cores of steel plates coated with a dielectric layer have found application. Due to this, the plates are electrically isolated from each other, and there are no eddy currents, which can reduce the efficiency and increase the heating. In transformers of pulse power units operating at higher frequencies, such cores are not applicable, since significant eddy currents can occur in each individual plate, and the magnetic permeability is excessive. Here cores of ferrites-dielectrics having magnetic properties are used.

4

The losses in the transformer, which reduce its efficiency,Arise due to the radiation of an alternating electromagnetic field, small eddy currents that still appear in the core despite the measures taken to suppress them, as well as the presence of active resistances in the windings. All these factors, except the first, lead to the heating of the transformer. The active resistance of the winding must be negligible compared to the internal resistance of the power source or load. Therefore, the more current through the winding and the lower voltage on it, the thicker the wire is used for it.

Tip 2: What is a transformer and how does it look like

Transformers serve to convert systems of alternating voltage and current without loss of power and are widely used in virtually all branches of human activity.

Instructions

1

The transformer is an electricaldevice designed to convert an alternating voltage of one value into a voltage of another magnitude (decrease or increase). It consists of a metal core and coils of wire of different cross-sections. Since the windings of the device are wound on a core made of special electrical steel, the weight of the device is usually quite impressive in relation to its dimensions. The dimensions of the transformer can vary depending on its power.

2

The transformer can be single-phase orThree-phase. Understand this issue is very simple. If the current flows through four conductors - three phases and zero - the current here is three-phase. If there are two wires - phase and zero - this is a single-phase current. To convert a three-phase transformer into a single-phase transformer, it is sufficient to take any of the phases and zero. It is this current that flows into houses and apartments. In a conventional household socket with a voltage of 220 volts, a single-phase alternating current flows.

3

Single-phase transformer has a simpleStructure, the main elements of which are: 1 - primary winding, 2 - magnetic circuit, 3 - secondary winding, Φ - magnetic flux direction, U1 - voltage in the primary winding, U2 - voltage in the secondary winding.

4

So how does a single-phase transformer work? After applying voltage to the primary winding, a magnetic flux is formed in it, which moves along the core, exciting the same flux on the secondary winding and converting it into a voltage. The magnitude of the voltage depends on the number of turns in the winding and the diameter of the wire from which it is made. This allows the design of voltage-boosting and lowering devices, without which the transfer of energy in any direction is simply impossible. So, for example, to increase the voltage in the network, power transformers are used. This is due to the characteristics of electrical energy. The higher the voltage, the less is the loss in the network and the easier and simpler the performance of air and cable lines. After the delivery of electricity to the consumer, its value is reduced to the nominal voltage of electrical appliances (microwave ovens, heaters, irons, etc.) in order for the consumer to use it.

5

Transformers can be made in the following modifications: car transformers, current transformers, voltage transformers, pulse and separation transformers, etc.

Tip 3: How to choose a good miracle stove

In any kitchen, you can install gas, electric or induction cookers. It is important to determine their size, the features of the burners, then it will be easier to choose a plate.

In modern homes there are no outbreaks and stoves,is going to the whole family at the kitchen table. However, every mistress can correct this. Earlier grandmothers and mothers taught growing girls that he, how food is cooked, depends peace and happiness in the house. With the help of modern plates you can cook delicious dishes that will unite the whole family at the table. It is important only to know which miracle stove will help you.

Types of plates for housewives

You can buy gas, electric andCombined models of this household equipment. The latter option implies that one part of the plate works with gas, and the second - electricity, or exactly the opposite. In some houses only electric models are allowed. They are more functional, easy to manage. In addition, they can work in convection mode, which simplifies the preparation of a number of dishes. As for the option with gas, it is more profitable from the point of view of the subsequent payment for utility services. However, it will be more difficult for you to set the desired temperature, to follow the uniform preparation of culinary masterpieces.

Size matters

Kitchen stoves also vary in size. Many residents of our country are forced to save every centimeter of their apartments. In this case, we need models with a width of about 50 cm. The depth of such variants also reaches approximately 50 cm, height - 80-90 cm. If you own a spacious kitchen, you can take a standard model. Such a plate will have a width of about 55-60 cm. Its height is also about 90 cm, but the depth can be 60-70 cm. In such ovens it is convenient to stove several culinary creations at once, to cook large meals. For a family of several adults and 2-3 children, this decision will be optimal.

The nuances of choosing the burners

In addition to the standard options, you can chooseModels with a gas hob "triple crown". There are three rows of flames capable of quickly heating up or heating up to any desired temperature any products. Electric stoves are produced only with classic "pancakes". Their power is regulated on the plate itself. Halogen burners work with halogen lamps. The power of glow can be changed, so there are no difficulties in cooking. However, the life of such burners will not last long. Induction burners are a transformer. Its induction coil is located under the glass ceramic surface. It flows current with a certain frequency. Due to special dishes there is heating material, which leads to heating and the dish itself. The choice of the plate depends mainly on these factors. If you take into account these and other nuances, you can easily find your miracle stove.