Tip 1: How is the EGR valve arranged?
Tip 1: How is the EGR valve arranged?
The recirculation valve is designed to reduceharmful emissions, which are released as a result of the engine at increased speed. Structurally, the valve is a metal casing in which the diaphragm moves, which opens the bypass opening when the gas mixture in the combustion chamber reaches a certain temperature.
The principle of the valve
The release of toxic substances is carried out inthe result of the chemical reaction of oxygen and nitrogen, which occurs when a certain temperature in the combustion chamber is reached. The recirculation valve supplies a portion of the exhaust gas to the intake manifold, impairing combustion of the fuel, thereby reducing the temperature of the gas in the combustion chamber.Moving the diaphragm
The exhaust gas recirculation valveTo pneumomechanical control elements. The working body of the valve is a diaphragm, placed in a metal casing. In a quiet state, the diaphragm, under the action of the spring, closes the flow passage of the valve that connects the inlet and outlet manifolds. The gas supply channel from the exhaust manifold is located in the lower part of the valve and the upper part is connected by means of a tube with the intake manifold of the engine. When the peak temperature in the combustion chamber is reached, a vacuum is created in the exhaust manifold, as a result of which the spring is urged upwards, opening the valve cross-section. The diaphragm depends on the position of the throttle, which varies depending on the operating mode of the engine. At idle the engine temperature in the combustion chamber does not reach peak values, and the open position of the damper does not create a vacuum in the upper cavity of the valve. The valve is activated when the speed increases, when the throttle valve goes to the closed position, creating a vacuum in the exhaust manifold.Further improvement of the design of the recirculation valves
In the engines of modern cars are usedRecirculation valves with thermal valve. The presence of a thermo-valve does not allow the diaphragm to move when the engine starts, when it is still not warm enough. In the engines of the previous generations, the recirculation valve was also switched on during engine start-up, artificially increasing its warm-up time. Modern electronic engine designs also use recirculation valves with electronic control. The diaphragm is moved in them by the signal from the electronic engine control unit, which takes into account the position of the throttle and the temperature in the combustion chamber.Tip 2: How to set up the exhaust
Exhaust The car system has a complex design. Its main purpose is to remove exhaust gases from the engine. The outflow must be adjusted in such a way that the motor works most efficiently, with maximum power.
You will need
- Exhaust manifold, limiter, reflectors, resonator, absorber.
Instructions
1
Standard exhaust pipe designs andsilencers are harmoniously enough working with the engine under which they are designed. They do not need special configuration. The exhaust gases are discharged almost unhindered, the pressure in the combustion chamber is reduced quite quickly, the cylinders are effectively filled with a fresh fuel-air mixture.
2
If you have remodeled the motor to increase itPower, carry out special calculations and make changes to the serial production system. In addition to the effective outflow of exhaust gases during conversion, be sure to take into account the noise level that occurs when exhaust gas is withdrawn. It is extinguished with the help of reflectors, absorbers. These devices, in turn, should not reduce engine power.
3
If you intend to completely change the exhaust system, first select the material. The options can be several: blued steel, coated with nickel or ordinary metal, titanium or stainless steel.
4
Compare the various designsCompatibility with the capabilities of the engine of your car. Do not rely on your own ideas and arm yourself with measuring devices. For example, use a chassis dynamometer. However, it is impossible to do it at home, as well as to work out an experimental exhaust system.
5
If you yourself can not evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of those or other used parts, consult a specialist for advice.
6
Carry out the final tuning of the exhaust system. For a better filling of the combustion chamber, adjust the exhaust valve so that it closes when the pressure in the cylinder is minimal, and the inlet valve should already be open at that time.
7
Adjust the amount of fuel injected,the ignition timing and control of the shutters at the inlet to the exhaust manifold. This will help reduce the negative impact of the backward exhaust wave.
Tip 3: How to place a mark on the crankshaft
For timely distribution of fuel admission andrelease of exhaust gases in internal combustion engines, gas distribution mechanism is used. Its operation is carried out by opening and closing valves having a drive from a camshaft. The shaft, in turn, is rigidly synchronized with the crankshaft using a chain or gear transmission. For the correct operation of the engine, the position of the crankshaft must be precisely adjusted.
You will need
- - timing chain;
- - engine oil;
- - screwdriver;
- - a set of spanners;
- - a torque wrench;
- - rags;
- - protective gloves.
Instructions
1
Assess the suitability of chain transfer toOperation. This can be done by lacking or having the possibility of chain tensioning. If the camshaft sprocket mark matches the mark on the camshaft housing and the mark on the crankshaft pulley is well below the mark on the engine cover, replace the chain.
2
Before installing the circuit, check it. Take it flat with one hand. If the deflection does not exceed 10 mm, the chain is usable. If there is too much deflection or asymmetrical sagging of the chain branches, it is not recommended to use it.
3
Proceed to install the circuit and adjustdevice. Lubricate the chain. Press on the bolts that secure the sprockets. Double crank the crankshaft and check that the marks on the crankshaft and camshaft sprockets match. If the unit is correctly installed, the crankshaft mark will be located opposite the cylinder block ejection, and the risk of the camshaft sprocket is opposite the ebb of the bearing housing. Tighten the bolts with a torque wrench.
4
Pull the chain. Wipe the rags with the rags and place new gaskets under the covers.
5
If the marks do not match, unfold the elbowshaft, so that the large keyway is fixed for about 10 hours, if you use for convenience and visibility the arrangement of the digits on the dial. The mark on the tooth of the crankshaft will be located for about 3 hours. This mark is a feature on the end of the crankshaft tooth, made by an electrograph.
6
Find on the crankshaft label, which looks like a hole in the drill (itLocated between the teeth). Lubricate the bush under the crankshaft with the engine oil and install the camshaft so that the crankshaft tooth with the mark is located in the camshaft tooth socket having a mark.
Tip 4: How to work the team "to me"
Not all dog owners train their pets, but there are teams that can not be dispensed with. For example, "To me!". Training dogs should be approached by order from puppyhood.
Instructions
1
Begin the training from the moment the dog appears in the house. First, teach the puppy to respond to the nickname. To do this, often play with the pet, caress it, calling by name.
2
Now you can teach the puppy to approach the team. This can be done in several ways. Before feeding, hail the dog and tap the bowl on the floor, while saying: "To me!". After the puppy runs up, approve it pathetically.
3
For a walk, let the pet run about 5-10Minutes, then call it by name and call the team. If the puppy is obstinate, then do not shout at him and, moreover, beat. It is better to offer him a treat and again say: "To me!". Usually this works, and the puppy is suitable, then give him food, praise.
4
If your pet is stubborn and does not want toObey, even seeing the proposed delicacy, walk it on a long leash. And when you call the team, then tighten the leash, stroke, give a treat. In time, he will understand what you are trying to achieve from him.
5
Adult puppies often show disobedience, although before that they performed excellently command "To me!". Especially often this happens if the pet is addicted to playing with other dogs. In this case, screaming is not worth it, but also to ignore the refusal of the dog to perform command too it is impossible. Otherwise, all training will come to naught. In this situation, the most correct thing is to start moving in the opposite direction. Having seen the retiring master, the puppy will rush into the doggone. We need to wait for him and then caress.
Tip 5: How to set up a snowmobile
Owners snowmobiles, Tuning the engine, in contrast toowners of cars and motorcycles, can not check the power of the engine on the dynamometer stand due to the atypical design of the snowmobile caterpillars. In this situation, it remains only to test in "road" conditions, in order to be able to make the necessary adjustments and change the settings based on the parameters obtained.
Instructions
1
Install an additional fuel controller,which, if necessary, will adjust its supply to the engine. Connect the controller between the electronic control unit of the snowmobile and the injectors to be able to change the signal coming to them. In the terminal rupture, also connect a few wires to install the signal recorder.
2
Connect the exhaust sensor to the silencerGases, measuring the composition of the mixture at the time of motion. To record signals to Flash memory, provide all installed sensors with recorders. Check the performance of sensors on the laptop: the screen should display such parameters as temperature and engine speed, throttle position, intake manifold pressure, exhaust gas composition and injection pulse duration.
3
Take several trips on a snowmobile,Using different modes and loads on the engine. In this case, the recorder connected to the snowmobile, making measurements several times per second, will record all the parameters of the engine operation under different conditions: during acceleration, on the rise, on the descent. In actual operating conditions on the road, you will get more accurate data than in the process of testing on a dynamometer test bench, since such characteristics as humidity, temperature, air flow and others will be taken into account.
4
Analyze the resulting mixture composition tabledepending on the load and engine speed, in which cells of different colors will indicate a depleted, normal and rich mixture. Using this data, calculate the correction table and load it into the fuel controller. Set up the operation of the accelerator pump, disconnect the excess wires and secure the fuel controller under the hood securely.
