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First of all, dear parents, remember thatEvery child is a unique, unique personality that grows and develops according to its plan. Even in one family there are no identical brothers and sisters, and twins, similar to each other, can differ greatly in character and development. However, in each age period there are certain skills that the child must possess. Do not be lazy to study medical and pedagogical literature about children, ask doctors and educators how the child develops, what abilities it shows, what it does and what does not. Many parents make the big mistake, comparing the kid to other children. You can not do this in any way, because it forms an underestimated self-esteem of the child, followed by various complexes. Do not provide education and development of your child only to the kindergarten and school, deal with it yourself. Teach your child to sculpt, glue, cut, do with him crafts. Mom can teach her daughter useful needlework, and my father will tell his son how to hammer a nail or make a bird feeder. Spare no time for your child, do not be dissuaded by strong employment and fatigue, the fruits of your attention will not slow down waiting. Joint creative activity and active participation in the life of the child will not only help its full development, but also create a good, trusting relationship between you that will keep it from the errors of adolescence. Try to talk more and communicate with the child, be aware of his affairs, answer the baby's questions, because he is so interested in this wonderful world. Read more to him, continue to do it even when he learns to read. In this case, reading will become a favorite occupation of the child, which will contribute to the development of his curiosity, creative imagination, the acquisition of "inborn literacy" and erudition. Let the kid attend any mugs and additional classes, then his abilities and talents will be more clearly manifested. But even if you do not find artistic or musical abilities in your child, do not worry, most likely he has other talents that will manifest later. In any case, all the circles and classes will be useful for the child for general development. The main thing is generously giving your child his love and attention. This is the basis for the education of a happy, full-fledged personality.

What should a child be able to do in 6 months?

By this age, most children can bepillows or with a support and confidently keep the head. 6-month-old children can stand for a while, holding hands for a crib or a sofa, and even try to sort out legs and take the first steps. Lying on his back, the child explores his own feet with his mouth, and if he turns over on his stomach, he actively and quickly moves in a plastunist manner. Now the baby himself turns in any direction, bends over.

In view of the increasing motor activity, it is necessary to maximally protect the movement of the baby around the house.

Indicators of child development in 6 months

Curiosity of the child at this age does not knowborders, he reaches out to plates with food, when adults are eating dinner, trying to eat with their hands. Playing with objects, the child completely takes them in hand, examines with fingers and mouth, throws toys and watches them fall. That is, it makes every effort to study the surrounding space.

For the best development of the child, you must often lay it on the floor and surround with a lot of colorful toys to stimulate his desire for knowledge.

At 6 months, the baby should already know hisname, distinguish between acquaintances and strangers. He has sympathy and antipathy towards other people, besides his parents. A child at this age already has its own tastes, preferences and habits, shows character. During the games the kid can concentrate for a long time on one subject, so the lessons with the child are becoming more interesting and diverse. The kid remembers the name of the objects that you show him, and when he re-utters, he looks and points at them. The child begins to notice important details and patterns, so he is interested in repetitive actions or toys that respond equally to certain of his actions. For example, they make certain sounds when the button is pressed. Games with adults bring such a lot of joy to this kid. He seeks to communicate in all ways: sounds, movements, glances.

Communication with the child

The hearing and speech of a 6-month-old child is already enoughDeveloped so that the baby can consciously respond to sounds and even respond. At the same time, his answers also have an emotional coloring. Intonation, he can express joy, interest, fear, pleasure. According to the voice of the baby mom immediately becomes clear what he wants from her.

Every child is different

For a woman to be able to correctlyto analyze the development of your baby, she needs to know what he must be able to do at this or that age. Of course, each child develops individually, but there are some features that you should pay attention to. At a month's age the child sleeps more than is awake, so inexperienced moms often do not know that the baby already knows a lot.

Features of vision development

Kid's vision allows him to focus his eyeson objects, to follow their movement along the arc at a distance of 15-20 cm, and also to distinguish contrasting colors and patterns. In 2-3 weeks the child starts to look at the people bending over him. If an adult will systematically make mimic movements, the baby will begin to "respond" to him in return. General movements of the child are still inhibited. He farsighted, if you fix his gaze on objects located closer to half a meter, he will start to squint with his eyes to concentrate.

Despite the fact that the month-old kid spends most of his time in a dream, he already knows how to concentrate his attention on objects and distinguish colors.

Physiological development and hearing

The hearing of the newborn at this age is already developedwell enough, the crumb can distinguish from the rest of the sounds of my mother's voice, as well as her smell and the touch of her hands. He distinguishes sounds in height and prefers meaningful speech to a set of words. Also by the end of the first month the child tries to publish his first "aga" or "ghouls". At a month's age, the child's physiological development requires increased attention. In the short intervals of his wakefulness, it is necessary to engage in massage and swimming procedures. The karapuz is still very weak, but he makes the first attempts to lift his head, lying on his tummy, and turn it toward the source of sound.

Emotional development

At a month's age, the child is already responding tocommunication with adults, for example, concentrates attention, smiles, ceases to cry. At this age it is very important to engage with him, for example, to include calm quiet music, to say kind words, to attract attention with bright rattles.

Emotional development of the baby directly depends on the activities with him, the more time the mother is ready to give to her baby, the sooner he will please her with the first "aga".

The development of the baby depends on the parents

The development of a month-old baby is directly dependent onthe desire of parents to deal with it. Despite the fact that the crumb is still very small, it requires a lot of attention. The more time parents give to communicate with the baby, the sooner he will start to hold his head, react to the objects and say his first "aga".

Many parents believe that in 4 years their childstill too small for any occupation. This is mistake. To postpone the help in the development of the baby for later, this is one of the most common errors of the parents. In order to teach the child something new, you need to know that he must be able to at his age. This knowledge will also help to determine whether its development corresponds to age.

From the side of attention the child in 4 years should be able to:

- Perform the task given to him, without being distracted byfor at least 5 minutes. - Keep five subjects in the field of your vision. - Find objects that are identical in shape and color without any help. - Add 4-part images .- Find differences and similarities in pictures and toys. - Build simple constructions from the designer .- Repeat for adults the actions shown in the sequence .- Stomp your feet and clap your hands at the given word.

On the part of thinking, a child in 4 years should be able to:

- To collect without assistance a pyramid fromRings (at least 7 rings) .- Call the general group of subjects the general words. - In groups of objects, find those that do not fit in one or other of the given parameters. - Search for pairs of subjects. - Be able to select opposite words. - Solve simple logical tasks.

On the part of memory, a child in 4 years should be able to:

- Repeat for adults a few different syllables- Be able to accurately perform a task consisting of 4 teams. - The first time to call an object that disappears from his field of vision. - To listen to repeat for adults for 5 words in a row. - Know a few small rhymes by heart. - Tell the contents read by adults Fairy tales .- To reproduce in memory the bright events of life and the recent events.

On the part of fine motor skills a child in 4 years should be able to:

- Run small tops.- Thread on the string buttons and beads. - Knot the thick rope knots. - Be able to zip up buttons, buttons, hooks on your clothes. - Join the bitmaps without taking the pens from the paper. - Color the drawings without leaving the contours. Painting simple pictures. - Draw lines in the desired direction and size.

On the part of mathematical development, a child in 4 years should be able to:

- Show where there is one object in the room, and where there are many .- Find objects similar to geometric figures .- Distinguish between right and left hands, right and left, top and bottom .- Read items.

You can teach the child to take a walk. Going down the stairs, count the steps, swinging on the swing, also count. Count everywhere and everything you can count. The result will not take long.

On the part of speech development, a child in 4 years should be able to:

- Answering questions like a dog barks, meowsa cat, etc.- To tell what animals and people know how to do .- Make up 4 sentences about this or that toy or picture. - Understand the words of generalization. - Coordinate words in the case, gender and number. - Pronounce letters, except sonorities and - Answer the simple questions asked to him.

To develop a vocabulary to a child, speech therapists advise to devote more time to reading. Also, reading the books before bedtime calms the kids, sets them up for sleep and has a very beneficial effect on their development.

From the outside world, a child in 4 years should be able to:

- Name your name and surname, and the names- Know how old he is, the city in which he lives. - Know the seasons and their characteristics, professions, the external appearance of the house in which he lives. - Distinguish and know the taste of at least 3 vegetables and 3 fruits. If the child knows and knows all that is described above, means, its development corresponds to the age of 4 years. Parents should not dwell on this alone. We must constantly strive to comprehensively develop the baby. In my personal example, show that knowledge is power. After all, for the child, his parents - this is the main pattern for imitation. He reads and copies their behavior. The more parents invest in their child at this age, the easier it will be for him when he goes to school.

Physical development

Regardless of sex, a toddler at the age of 16months should be able to move independently and even run. And some children at this age are able not only to walk confidently, but also to overcome small obstacles. Holding on to the support, some children even dance, which positively affects the strengthening of muscles and the development of coordination of movements. In 16 months, children respond easily to requests, help the father or mother, actively imitate them. At this stage of life, a child can cope with simple tasks - submit or carry an item, take or put something. It should be taken into account that the existing stock of skills in the child allows him to distinguish various items that need to be taken or transferred from other things in the room.

Speech, communication and emotions

By the 16 months of the child's life, his speech takesmeaningful forms. Instead of incomprehensible babbling, a child can pronounce short and simple words, one way or another related to the situation. For example, after seeing a dog, a child in 16 months will clearly pronounce the word "Abaca" and point to the animal. As psychologists say, the vocabulary of a baby at this age can vary greatly from 10 to 60 words. There are cases when a child begins to speak much later than the specified time. In this case, it makes sense for parents to pay attention to this. Stimulate the development of speech will help expressive reading of poetry. Simple lines of the poem are perceived by the child more easily than long and complex sentences. A good stimulus to the development of speech in a child is the joint reading of illustrated children's books. Studying colorful and vivid pictures, and simultaneously listening to my mother's or father's expressive story, the baby learns to learn the information both by ear and visually. The simplest useful exercises from the complex of articulatory gymnastics will allow to develop the speech apparatus of crumbs and to teach it correctly, to pronounce sounds. According to speech therapists, by the age of two the baby can already learn how to correctly pronounce the sounds "P" and "B", "M" and "H", "A", "O". While reading books, encourage the child's attempts to say a particular word, pointing to the object to which the word refers. It is worth remembering that the speed of speech development in children differs significantly from memory abilities: it happens that children very quickly memorize objects and their names, but at the same time experience difficulties with their correct pronunciation. At this stage, the spectrum of emotions also expands: for example, experiencing discontent or resentment, a child can show them a disgruntled and angry intonation, often accompanying them with the facial expressions that children actively use in 16 months, expressing their emotions when communicating.

Household skills

At the age of 16 months, most children learneat with a spoonful of delicious food - puree, yogurt or sweet porridge. It is interesting that the child most often perceives the tasteless foods with a violent reaction or refuses to eat at all, pushing away the plate from himself. During the meal, the child, as a rule, keeps a spoon in his fist - experts at the same time consider it inexpedient to retrain it at this stage. More important here is the manifestation of children's independence, when the baby is accustomed to eating without help. While the baby is eating while sitting in the chair for feeding, do not interfere with it, trying to help unnecessarily.