Tip 1: What is cognitive development?
Tip 1: What is cognitive development?
Cognitive development is athe formation of such processes as memory, thinking, speech and imagination. Being born, a person can not use the full functionality of these possibilities. However, during growing up, he gradually takes possession of them.
From birth to three months
Cognitive development of a newborn childis specific. It manifests itself in the form of movements of the baby. The child reacts to sounds, but he does not yet understand where they come from. Psychologists advise mothers in the first months of the child's life to paint lips with bright red lipstick, so that the baby is aware of the source of sound, watching his movement. In the future, this will help the crumb to learn how to speak, repeating the mimicry of the mother. Newborn children do not distinguish between mother and strangers, so they are equally happy to go to each person in their arms. Also, children at this age tend to repeat light mimic combinations (stick out their tongue, smile).Three to six months
The child begins to understand that after eachthe action of the mother follows the action he performs. Of course, children use this discovery to the fullest. It is worth the child to cry, as his mother immediately comes to the rescue and eliminates the causes of crying.From 9 to 12 months
The child is characterized by a feeling of affection and longing. He will desire maternal love and affection. If the mother leaves, the baby will cry. At this time, he begins to make a lot of sounds, which later will result in words.From 12 to 18 months
At this time, the baby utters the first words. He wants to touch everything, see, feel. A clear sign of this period is the child's excessive curiosity, his independent activity. Cognitive development lies in the fact that the child seeks in any way to know the world around him. The next point is the desire of the baby to imitate. He absolutely accurately copies the movements of the next of kin, can also reproduce what he saw in the TV or on the street.From 18 to 24 months
The two-year-old begins to combine difficultywords in sentences. So far this is not very good, as the communicative skills are poorly developed. Words for a child can mean only a specific subject. All this is a weak manifestation of the imagination, which will begin its active development closer to three years. Best in this period of time the memory of the baby is developed. If you read him the same tale every day and suddenly missed the page, the child will notice it.From 3 years onwards
After reaching the age of three, the child takes possession of all mental functions. The further main task of parents is now to support the development of the baby.Tip 2: What Cognitive Psychologists Learn
Cognitive psychology is a relatively youngthe field of psychological science, but quickly gaining popularity. The authorship of the term belongs to Ulrik Naisser, an American psychologist who in 1967 published a book with this name.
Cognitive psychologists specialize inthe study of the cognitive capabilities of the brain, namely, how the human brain perceives the surrounding world and learns how it recognizes, processes and stores information.
The concept of "cognitive" covers all processes,through which incoming sensory information changes. These processes continue even in the absence of external stimulation, when it comes to imagination, dreams and hallucinations.
Research conducted bycognitive psychology, are aimed at identifying patterns of mental activity and increasing the overall effectiveness of thinking, improving the quality of social interactions and personal growth. In fact, cognitive psychologists learn how to use their brain as efficiently as possible.
In the range of issues covered in the work oncognitive psychology, includes mental disorders, the functioning of perception systems, the problems of learning, attention, memory and neurolinguistics. Practical applications of cognitive research are aimed at improving memory, increasing the accuracy of decision making, improving the quality of educational programs and optimizing work processes in many branches of human activity.
Cognitive psychologists work in the field ofpathopsychology, investigating the causes and methods of treating depression, anxiety and other diseases, social psychology, studying interpersonal interactions, developmental psychology and personality. Specialists who received psychotherapeutic training help patients with various mental and emotional disorders, as well as during rehabilitation after traumatic brain injuries.
From Behavioral Cognitive Psychologydifferent subject of study. Behaviorists focus their attention on external manifestations of behavior, on what can be observed directly. Cognitive psychologists are interested in revealing the inner mental processes that lead to the observed behavior.
From psychoanalysis, cognitive psychology differsmethodically. Psychoanalysis is based on subjective sensations, both patient and therapist. Cognitive psychologists operate with scientific methods, actively using the functional of such areas of scientific knowledge as neurology, neurophysiology, anthropology, linguistics and cybernetics.
Tip 3: What is human cognition?
Psychologists define cognition of a person ashis ability to perceive and process information coming from outside. This concept is closely related to the wishes and beliefs of a person, his memory and imagination.
