Tip 1: What in psychology is meant by abilities
Tip 1: What in psychology is meant by abilities
When they talk about abilities, they meanThe presence in a person of individual psychic properties, through which he achieves successful results. Observing the activities of this or that person, one can understand what abilities he has.
Types of abilities
Capable individuals show the best results inany activity, compared to other people. How many kinds of activities are encountered, so much can be and abilities. A person can succeed in scientific work, acting or political activities. He can show his best qualities in studying and mastering languages, achieving high results in sports. The abilities can be general and special. By common abilities one should understand good memory, ingenuity, perseverance or sociability. Special abilities presuppose narrowly directed activities, such as art, music, science.Forming abilities
The development of abilities can be influenced by knowledge andhuman skills, but only as a more rapid disclosure of hidden potential. The very knowledge and skills that a person acquires in the process of life activity can not be called abilities. Ability to do something quickly and efficiently, or good knowledge of the subject matter does not yet speak about the abilities of the individual. Knowledge can be obtained as a result of "cramming", and the skills acquired in the consequence of a frequent and relatively long time of performing similar operations. As a result, actions can be performed quickly and professionally, but capable people will still show much higher results.Personal predisposition
Human abilities manifest themselves in those areas,to which he is most predisposed. This is due to the individual interests of the individual and the level of development of his makings. Personal deposits are inherent and unchanged. But if a person does not pay attention to them, they will remain undiscovered, which means they are not transformed into specific abilities of the individual. Deposit can be multi-valued and fully manifest only in the process of involvement of a person in any activity. One innate deposit can manifest itself both in creative abilities and creative thinking, and in the ability to quickly learn foreign languages and easily find a common language in the team. If a person from birth has a predisposition to an activity, in psychology this is called the makings of personality. Only if the person starts to engage in this activity, it will reveal individual abilities, which will lead to the achievement of high results and success.Tip 2: What is congruence?
In the most general sense, by congruence is meant the consistency of various elements or instances of something between themselves. This term has special significance in psychology.
Instructions
1
In psychology, congruence is commonly calledintegrity, the adequacy of the individual, internal harmony and the absence of conflict. That is, this is a state of a person, in which his external manifestations correspond to his internal state. The simplest example of congruence: a person is fun and he genuinely laughs. As an example of incongruent behavior, deception, flattery, or situations are considered when a person consciously or unconsciously (as a psychological defense) hides his true feelings (for example, laughs when sad).
2
Initially, the term "congruence" was introduced inpsychology by Carl Rogers. In his theory of the self-concept with the help of this word, several concepts were designated: first, the correspondence of the "I", "the ideal self" and experience in the life of the person, and secondly, the state of the therapist, in which his personal experiences, emotions, attitudes and other components of internal experience are adequately recognized, lived and expressed while working with the client. Those. in his theory, congruence is used to describe the ability of an individual to take valuelessly, to realize their real sensations, experiences and problems, and also adequately express them in words and actions.
3
Thus, three links in the chain are considered: experience - awareness - expression. Non-congruence can manifest itself not only when a person consciously hides his feelings, but also when he adequately does not even realize them. You can consider a situation where a person is bored with spending time at a party, but, nevertheless, thanks the hosts for a pleasant pastime. Here words and sensations diverge. You can also consider the situation when a person in a dispute with someone feels anger, which is expressed in his vegetative reactions, but at the same time he is confident that he absolutely calmly leads the logical arguments. Here, sensations and their awareness diverge.
4
In social psychology, under congruencewe understand the achievement of the correspondence of estimates given by one person to a certain object and to another person who likewise evaluates this object. It is easier to consider this situation by the example: a person is pleasant to someone familiar, he considers him smart and good, but this friend suddenly starts to praise something that in the person's perception is perceived as negative, for example, the activity of some politician or a new one law. Man is used to perceiving a friend and his judgments are positive, but at a specific moment positions diverge. In this case, the person faces a choice: to recognize that the acquaintance is not so clever and good, to reconsider his position, because it is the acquaintance who is right, or to realize that the acquaintance is also wrong in something, and the person's position is not so correct . The last option is precisely called congruence - the best way to restore harmony in assessments.
5
In the opposite direction, this principle can alsowork: if an unpleasant person suddenly starts praising something that you like (for example, works of the artist or writer), he will not be perceived as negatively as before. These examples have been described in the theory of congruence Osgood and Tannenbaum - American psychologists. Their theory considered the main idea that in order to overcome the cognitive dissonance that arises in such situations, a person will seek to simultaneously change his attitude to two conflicting sources of information.
Tip 3: What is patience
Long-suffering is the ability of a person to overcome life's difficulties while preserving peace of mind and tranquility. If the usual patience has limits, then long-suffering is unlimited.
Instructions
1
In the etymological sense, the word "long-suffering" comes from two words: "long" and "tolerate". It means the ability to endure adversity for a long time.
2
The term "long-suffering" is uncharacteristic of the ordinaryRussian speech and classical literature, he is not used in psychology either. He came from the Orthodox tradition, which, under long-suffering, means the ability to tolerate aggression of other people peacefully and without resentment, his own plight, diseases, etc.
3
Modern society tries not to recallthis term, replacing it with a more utilitarian one - "tolerance." But the whole difference between tolerance and patience is revealed, if we look at the inner state of man. Tolerant people tend to tolerate other people's complexes and shortcomings, while in their thoughts they can despise and even hate their neighbor. People are always inclined to pejoratively treat those who, at least in some ways, are dissimilar to themselves. A person who is long-suffering, treats everyone around favorably: not only outwardly, but also in his thoughts.
4
In the Orthodox teaching, long-suffering is recognizedvirtue. It is not given to a person from birth and is not produced with the help of exercises. The source of Orthodox patience, like all other virtues, is God himself.
5
Long-suffering is a God-given opportunity to go through hardship, trials and difficulties, while preserving peace and peace in the soul.
6
Many chapters of the Old andThe New Testament. Thus, in the Gospel of Luke Christ calls patience a saving for the human soul, and the Apostle Paul in his letter to the Galatians speaks of long-suffering as the result of the action of the Holy Spirit upon the human soul.
7
If the virtue of long-suffering is capable of erectingman to Heaven, then her absence, and even worse - impatience can play a fatal role in his fate. According to the books of the Old Testament, because of impatience, the prophet Samuel was cut off from the kingdom, and Moses could not enter Canaan.
8
The long-suffering person does not hasten to be angry with the neighbor, he easily and calmly tolerates insults and reproaches, everyday troubles and does not concern his life momentarily.
9
A patient person similarly refers tolife and to yourself. With only one difference - his patience has boundaries. To describe this, even the expression "cup of patience" exists. If the patient patience is sometimes overwhelmed, then in the case of people who have the gift of patience, this does not happen, no matter what difficulties they experience.
