Tip 1: How to create an algorithm

Computers & Software

Tip 1: How to create an algorithm

Algorithm - the science of creating algorithms andProcesses, the most important component of structural programming. Without algorithms, it will not be necessary to compile a business plan, develop an application for mobile or computer games. The ability to create algorithms allows you to do many things multiple times, with a minimum of effort, in an automatic mode.

Instructions

For the first time the word "algorithm" was used by one of theThe creators of modern algebra, the sage and astronomer Al-Khwarizmi back in 224 AD. In their fundamental works. In his understanding, the algorithm is an instruction to solve a problem. Al-Khorezmi was a respected scholar among his colleagues, and the compilation of such instructions became the norm in a mathematical environment.

The most important practical and applied rolecompilation algorithms acquired with the advent of computers. Huge machines on electron tubes were created for the purpose of calculating complex expressions and solving problems. The computer can not think creatively, only understanding instructions (commands) in the binary code. The algorithm in programming is the sequence of commands leading to the achievement of the result.

In order to compose an algorithm, you must first determine the goal. Then you can formulate in your own words (and write down on paper, even if vague), how to achieve this goal.

The main features of the algorithm are the brevity of the presentation,step-by-step, clarity to the performer. A good example of the algorithm is a culinary recipe. Turn your vague description of the achievement of the goal into an instruction broken down into concrete actions that approximate the achievement of the goal. Teams should be clear, possible, non-questionable, measurable. For example: "Take 2 eggs. Cook them for 10 minutes in a saucepan. Peel off the shell. "

To translate an algorithm into a program code, you needTo simplify it as much as possible. Then you can rewrite it in "pseudocode" - in this language all actions are performed in the programming style, but with human, not program words. Upon completion, the pseudocode is translated into the code in a programming language known to you, and the program itself is compiled (executed by the computer).

Tip 2: Algorithm for protecting the rights of the child

In the modern world, often the freedom of one person goes beyond the freedoms of another person. If you think that your child's rights are violated, you must follow a certain algorithm.

Algorithm for the protection of the rights of the child

You will need

Regulatory documents.

Instructions

Find in the legislation of the Russian Federation the right of the child, which in your opinion was violated.

Compare the real situation with how it is interpreted in legislative acts.

Write a statement in which you specify the specific facts. Do not forget to refer to the broken law. The Commissioner for Children's Rights must see that you are legally competent.

Create all the documents in duplicate. Copies of important statements should always be at your fingertips.

Remember that the time for consideration of any applicationTakes a maximum of 30 days. The answer must be demanded in writing, so that in the future you have material proof if it comes to court.

Tip 3: Who wrote the first computer virus

The main feature of computer viruses is nottheir sabotage itself, but the ability to self-reproduce. Such programs first appeared in the sixties, long before the advent of personal computers.

First viruses

The first computer viruses were completely unlikeon modern pests - these were ordinary harmless programs, however, very self-willed. They worked in the system, engaged in certain cases they knew and did not obey the administrators of computer systems at all. However, for the time being, the harmlessness of these "viruses" allowed them not to attract special attention. Everything changed on April 19, 1972, when the work of computers that were part of the "Airpanet" network was stopped in the US. This stopped many computerized processes and disrupted the traffic lights, causing a huge number of car accidents, which caused losses amounting to millions of dollars. It was thought all as an ordinary joke - one of the students of an American university, whose name is unknown, wrote a malicious program. He just tried to surprise his colleagues by creating a program that will multiply and travel over computer networks. The rally was clearly "successful", but it is unlikely that the creator of this virus could imagine the scale of the devastation that his child will cause.

Fred Cohen is the official creator of the first virus

Officially, the creator of the first virus is considereda student from California, Fred Cohen, who wrote it in 1983 in defense of his thesis on computer security. He provided this program for his instructor, Leonard Edlman, who, according to some reports, was the first to use the term "computer virus". Despite the fact that the Cohen virus did not cause any harm, the specialists did not have any doubts about the consequences of the mass creation of such programs. Fred Cohen also understood this by proposing to create the first anti-virus program in 1984, and several years later, in 1987, he proved that it is impossible to create an algorithm that will protect against absolutely all viruses. It was at this time that the computer world was hit by the first virus epidemic. In three years, more than one hundred thousand machines were infected, worldwide computer networks were out of order for several days and even more, jeopardizing the reliability of computers and undermining people's confidence in the safety of their use. True, the creators of antiviruses also did not doze, gradually gaining power and repelling hacker attacks all more successfully. This battle continues until now, and Fred Cohen is still one of the best specialists in the field of computer viruses.