Tip 1: How to draw an evacuation plan
Tip 1: How to draw an evacuation plan
The evacuation plan should be in any institution,if there can be ten people at a time. This number includes both employees and possible visitors. The room, where more than fifty people are at the same time, is considered an object of mass stay. In this case, the instruction to determine the actions of personnel in hazardous situations is attached to the evacuation plan. Evacuation plans are developed in accordance with state standards and the requirements of the "Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation".
You will need
- - floor plan of the building;
- - The plan of each section, if the floor area exceeds 1000 sq. m. m;
- - A computer with a graphic editor;
- - Printer;
- - pen or pencil.
Instructions
1
Start drawing up an evacuation plan with itsgraphic part. To do this, take a printout of the corresponding floor or sectional plan in the Bureau of Technical Inventory, the committee for the management of municipal or state property or the private owner of the building. If for some reason there is no such plan, do it yourself, marking out all the cabinets, door and window openings, stairs, main and emergency exits. For a small building with a relatively simple layout, a floor plan will suffice. If there are several evacuation exits, there are sliding doors and turnstiles on the floor - make a plan for each section.
2
Scanned by hand plan to scan and enterin the computer. You can put symbols in any graphic editor. Specify room numbers and office names. Mark the streets where the entrances to the building are. Mark on the plan places where there are life-saving appliances, fire fighting equipment and landlines. It is also necessary to identify the place where the evacuation plan hangs. Badges are determined by state standards.
3
Apply the arrows to the evacuation routes. It is necessary for employees and visitors of each cabinet to outline the most optimal way out of the building. First, employees and customers go out into the corridor. Draw an arrow through the doorway, the point that is pointing in the right direction, in this case - in the direction of the corridor.
4
Determine which staircase is nearestto this office. Direct the direction of the movement with a line fatter than the one that indicates the path from the office to the corridor. Try to determine the approximate number of people who can be in each room at the same time. This is necessary to determine the optimal number of those who will take advantage of each exit.
5
Execute the text part. It indicates the means of notification, the procedure for evacuation, the actions of personnel, how to manually turn on the fire alarm. Bring the graphic and text parts of the plan in line with the standards. Its dimensions depend on the destination. For the floor plan, the dimensions are 40x60 cm, for the local - 30x40.
6
Print a floor or sectional plan inseveral copies. One copy needs to be inserted into the frame and hung in a prominent place. Next to him, hang up emergency telephone numbers. There may also be an instruction for employees if it is provided for in the "Fire Safety Rules". The second copy is included in the general plan, which is with the attendant. The consolidated plan is issued to the emergency response officer at the first request.
Tip 2: How to draw an evacuation scheme
One of the basic requirements for public premises is compliance with fire safety standards. The scheme evacuation people in case of fire is the most important document thatmust be developed for each room separately. In addition to the movement of people, it also regulates the actions of personnel in the event of a fire.
You will need
- - Floor plan of the building;
- - scanner;
- - A graphical program for the computer.
Instructions
1
Plan evacuation should take into account the floor plans of a particular building or structure. It is also necessary to provide reliability, size and type of paths evacuation staff. Do not forget to take into account the specifics of people's behavior in a critical situation, be sure to calculate the power of the human flow and try to exclude the possibility of crossing several routes.
2
Plan evacuation at the request of GOST R 12.2.143-2002 should include a graphical part and a text description. To create a graphical part you will need a floor plan of the building. If the overall dimensions of the room are very large and exceed 1000 square meters, divide the plan into sections and create a separate pattern evacuation for each of them.
3
Before creating an electronic version of the plan evacuation, go around the whole room and carefullyplease examine it. You need to note the location of the main, emergency and emergency exits, the location of fire panels, fire alarms, phones. Note on the plan the possibility of ventilation and anti-smoke.
4
On the plan, note the number of people in the room constantly, as well as the average number of visitors, if their presence is implied.
5
Go along the prospective route evacuation from each separate room. Mark all bottlenecks. Check the safety and security of the stairs and handrails. Make sure that the width of the passage is sufficient to move the maximum number of people. Please note that at the moment of panic, people do not look at their feet, which means that high thresholds or steep steps can be dangerous.
6
Develop alternative ways of moving people during a fire or an emergency. Do not forget to consider the human flows from the upper floors of the building or from the basement.
7
The most convenient way to create a plan evacuation in the graphics program. To do this, scan the paper pattern and translate it into a bitmap image. In the future, this document can be used as a basis for creating not only a scheme evacuation, but also other plans.
8
Do not get carried away with detail and color. Routes indicate a solid green line indicating the direction of movement, alternate routes - dotted lines. In red, highlight the conventional symbols. Do not forget to mark in the drawing a place corresponding to the placement of your plan in the room.
9
Do not use callouts in the plan; icons,indicating the means of firefighting or means of communication, should be indicated on the plan in the place of their location. Designate the symbols in the text entry under the drawing. Letters in the text part must have the same size. Also, they should be large enough to be easy to read. The recommended size is 8-15 mm.
10
Plan evacuation, located on floors or in sections, should be quite large, so that it is easy to read and perceive visually. The optimal size is 600x400 mm.
11
Approve the layout of the plan evacuation from the inspector GPN.
Tip 3: How to make an evacuation plan
Plan evacuation A floor plan is a floor plan that shows the paths evacuation, the location of evacuation, emergency and emergency exits, fire ladders, telephones, fire extinguishers, fire alarm buttons, etc. is indicated. On the plan evacuation A text should also be posted explaining the rules of human behavior during evacuation, the order and sequence of actions in case of emergency danger.
Instructions
1
Plan evacuation is developed for buildings and structures (exceptresidential buildings) in all cases, when there are more than 10 people on the floor. They should be hung in prominent places and executed with special, glowing in the dark colors. They are issued according to the approved normative documentation and have a standard system of conventional signs.
2
Plan evacuation consists of a graphic and text part. The basis of the graphic part is the floor plan. If the floor area is large enough (more than 1000 sq. M.), Section plans for each separate section of the floor are made.
3
On the floor plan, indicate possible paths evacuation from each room. They must be indicated by green arrows leading to the main, emergency and emergency outputs. On the graphic part, with the help of approved symbols, mark the places of accommodation of rescue equipment and fire extinguishing means, smoke-free staircases, external fire stairs.
4
On the plan evacuation Note also the location of the plan itself, so that in case of danger, the person reading it can navigate along it with paths evacuation.
5
Symbols and symbols on the plan evacuation in accordance with the requirements for their design anddesign, established by GOST R 12.4.026, IMO resolution A.654 (16), A.760 (18) and other normative documents. Signs and symbols can be supplemented with text explanatory inscriptions.
6
The text part of the plan evacuation execute as a table. In it, reflect information about the methods of alerting you of danger, order and sequence evacuation people, the opening of all emergency and evacuationoutputs, checking whether all those on the floor have left the premises, verifying the activation and start-up of installations and systems of fire automatics and fire fighting. You should sign the text part from the head of the organization.
7
Scheme to sign the scheme by those persons who have drawn up the plan evacuation, at the bottom there should be signatures of employees who have read it. Plan evacuation must be approved by the head of the organization and coordinated with the fire supervision inspectorate supervising this building, the structure.
Tip 4: How to draw a floor plan
To draw up a scheme of evacuation or a sketch of the house, you must first draw plan floor. This can be done with the help of special programs, if you are well acquainted with them, otherwise simply draw it on a large sheet of the paper by hand.
You will need
- - paper;
- - a pencil;
- - The eraser;
- - ruler;
- - square or protractor;
- - compasses.
Instructions
1
First, draw an approximate plan by hand, try to indicate all the rooms, utility rooms, corridors, all corners and arches.
2
Take a tape measure or laser range finder andmeasure the length and width of each room. Then go along the corridors and specify the length of all the ledges and niches. On the landing, mark the width of the flight of stairs.
3
Measure out the distances from the corners to the window and doorways, indicate in which direction the doors open. If you need plan for the evacuation scheme, indicate the presence of lattices on the windows and other important details. All results are written with a pen or pencil in the rough plan.
4
Divide the rooms of a complex form into severalSimple, for example, squares or segments of a circle. To draw rooms with a blunt angle, divide it with a bisectrix into two equal angles and mentally draw rectangular triangles. If the room has a semi-circular bay window, divide it into a rectangle and a semicircle.
5
On a large sheet of paper or paper millimetric paper, start drawing plan floor. Be sure to use a pencil to be able to remove excess lines. First measure the total length and width floor and, in accordance with the size of the sheet, indicate the scale. It is convenient to use a scale of 1:50, since you can do without a calculator. If the building is large, do plan sectioned, dividing the floor into several parts.
6
Start with a corner room, but before you applyher on the sheet, make sure that you do not have items (such as balconies) that will be outside the sheet. Then draw corridors and adjacent rooms, gradually expanding your plan. First, draw a general view and make sure that all rooms are in stock, all proportions are met, and the corners of the rooms are 90º.
7
After the general view floor will suit you, mark the windows, doors, niches, balconies, ledges, staircase marches, etc. Circle the contours of the walls with a thick line or shade.
