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History of the State

According to legend, the historical homeland of the JewsThe Middle East, where over 1 thousand years ago was the Israeli kingdom of David. But after in 586 BC. their land was conquered by Babylon and most of the population was taken to Babylon, Jews for 2500 thousand years could not become masters of their territory. Then these lands were conquered by the Persian Empire, and most of the Jews returned to their homeland. But from this moment the model of the existence of the Jews is formed, which actually exists and now - the cultural domination in the territory of modern Israel and the support of a large diaspora. Subsequently, the Persians were subordinated to the dynasties of the Seleucids and Ptolemies, who conducted Hellenistic expansion. But most of all Jews got under the reign of Rome - most of the people were expelled, language was banned, and the name of the Land of Israel was replaced with Palestine. During the reign of the Arabs, the Jewish presence was preserved in the territory, but it ceased to be a cultural or political center for the people. For millennia, the war for these lands was introduced between Muslims and Christians, for whom they were sacred. But even in times of wars between such large cultures, the Jews never left the thought to return to their lands, so the movement of Zionism (from the name of Mount Zion) appeared. After the church began to persecute the Jews, they began to return to the Holy Land. After the massive persecution in Spain, they established their own community in the city of Safed. Then, for many centuries, they returned to Palestine in waves. After the First World War, the Great Britain gained power over the territory of Palestine, which created the Declaration of Barfulva, where it was declared that Britain was not against the creation of a state on the territory under control for Jews. But on those lands predominantly inhabited by Muslim Arabs, who reacted very negatively to any attempts to create such a state. In 1922, the League of Nations instructed Britain to create all conditions for the formation of a "national Jewish home." By the end of World War II, the Jewish population had grown from 11 to 33%. It was customary to consider the establishment of the Jewish state on May 14, 1948, when the declaration of independence of Israel was proclaimed.

Jewish Diaspora

And, although the Jews created their own state, a largea part of the people lives outside of it, in diasporas. The Jewish Diaspora is the most ancient and unique in the world. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that for many centuries the Jews have not lost their national identity, cultural heritage and in most cases retained their language. The largest diaspora in the world is Jews in the United States. During the Second World War, Jews fled from territories controlled by the Germans. Initially, they tried to get to Palestine, but because of the limit that the UK created, most of them fled to the United States to save themselves. High economic prosperity and the reduction of anti-Semitic sentiments contributed to the further relocation of Jews. Many even preferred the US to Israel, where for a very long time there were wars with neighboring Arab countries. The current number of Jews in the United States is estimated at 6 - 7 million people, which is more than a third of the entire Jewish population of the planet. In the USSR, the diaspora of the Jews until 1990 amounted to almost 2 million people. But after the collapse of the USSR in connection with the protracted crisis, the number of Jews in the entire post-Soviet territory fell to almost 400 thousand people. Most of them emigrated to Israel or the United States. The French diaspora has about 600 thousand people. The number of diasporas rapidly increased in the 50-60's, when the French colonies gained independence, and most Jews returned to France. But in recent years there has been an increase in anti-Semitic sentiments among the Muslim population of the country. Back in the 19th century, the Jewish Coordination Society was created, which dealt with the problems of resettlement of Jews to South America to attract them to the agricultural sector of the economy. But they mostly stayed in big cities like Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Montevideo.