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Archean era

This era begins with the formationEarth, as a planet, and lasts about 1 billion years. It was during this period that the first inhabitants of our planet appeared - anaerobic bacteria. Then there was photosynthesis - the most important stage in the evolution of life, which caused the division of the organic world into vegetable and animal life. At the end of this period multicellularity and sexual process appeared, which increased the possibility of adaptation to environmental conditions.

The first photosynthetic organisms were blue-green algae and pre-nuclear cyanobacteria.

The Proterozoic era

A huge period of developmentThe earth, which lasted about 2 billion years. During it, the first protozoan organisms appeared on our planet. During this period, bacteria and algae reach their dawn, forming the largest deposits of iron ores of organic origin. Living organisms become multicellular (archeocyaths, sponges), they form organs. They change the shape and composition of the earth's crust, form the biosphere and contribute to the accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere. At the end of the Proterozoic era, ringworms appear. All life processes of this period occur in the ocean.

Palaeozoic

This segment is represented by 6 periods: Cambridge, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. In the animal world, various species of fish appear, including sharks, corals appear and then die out. A little later comes the age of amphibians - grasshoppers, beetles, reptiles. The plant world of this era is represented by the development of dense forests along the banks of rivers, consisting of tree-like ferns and the first coniferous trees. The geography and climate of this period are constantly changing. The glaciation at the end of the Ordovician period is followed by warming and mild climate. In the Devonian period, torrential rains alternate with drought, in the Carboniferous there comes the glaciation, which then gives way to warming, heat and dry climate. Such a variety of climatic conditions is due to the continual change in the position of the continents and the greatest cataclysms.

As a result, various mountain peaks appear, including the Ural mountain range and the Himalayas.

Mesozoic Era

The Mesozoic era is represented by the Triassic, Jurassic andchalky periods. In the animal world, dinosaurs and various reptiles become the dominant group, there are frogs, sea and land turtles, new types of shrimp and coral. A little later, predecessors of modern insects and birds appear. At the end of the era, dinosaurs and pterosaurs die out. The climate becomes softer and the whole land grows with different vegetation: predecessors of modern pines and cypresses, the first flowering plants. The relationship between plants and insects is being established. In the Mesozoic era, the continents split and are removed from each other, islands are formed. The Atlantic Ocean is being formed and expanding, the sea is flooding huge areas of land.

The Cenozoic Era

The modern era, which began 66 million. years ago. In this period there are angiosperms, birds, mammals and humans. In the middle of the era, there are already major groups of representatives of the kingdoms of living nature. Develop bushes and grass, there are meadows and steppes. The main types of biogeocenosis in nature and agrocenosis are formed. There is the use of nature by man to meet his needs. As a result of human influence, the organic world and nature change.

The name "Easter" comes from the Hebrewthe words "pesah" - "passing by". This is due to one of the episodes of the Old Testament book Exodus: God promises Moses "to pass through the land of Egypt" and to destroy all the first-born. This terrible execution did not affect only Jewish homes marked with the blood of lambs. After these events, Pharaoh allows Jews to leave Egypt - long-term slavery, in which the God-chosen people were staying, ends. In memory of this, the Jews celebrated Pesach every year with the obligatory slaughter of the lamb (lamb). Celebrated Pesach and in the time of the earthly life of Jesus Christ. The Last Supper - the last meal of the Savior with the apostles - was an Easter meal. After the Last Supper, the crucifixion followed, and on the third day the resurrection. Thus the Old Testament holiday was filled with a new meaning: instead of the sacrificial lamb - the sacrifice of the sacrifice of the Son of God, instead of the exodus from Egyptian slavery - the outcome of the "slavery" of sin. So, Easter is a holiday that goes to the Old Testament and is dedicated to the central event of the New Testament, but all nations that accepted Christianity were once pagan, and this did not pass without a trace. Many Christian holidays "overgrown" with customs originating in the pagan past, was not an exception and Paskha. It is remarkable that the English and German name of the holiday is not associated with the Hebrew name. In English Easter is called Easter, in German - Ostern. In both languages, this is due to the word "east". This root goes back to the name of the goddess Ishtar, who was revered in a number of Mesopotamia states, her cult also entered Egypt. The cult of Ishtar and her son Tammuz was associated with fertility. The holiday dedicated to these deities, marked the arrival of spring, the resurrection of nature, the sun after winter. Important attributes of this holiday were boiled eggs - in memory of that egg on which the goddess descended from the moon. A big role in the rituals was played by a rabbit - an animal especially loved by Tammuz. Of course, neither Ishtar nor Tammuz was honored in Russia, but a holiday dedicated to the coming of spring existed, and in its rituals, too, an egg played a big role - the symbol of the birth of a new life. Chronologically, the celebration coincided with the Jewish, and then the Christian Easter. Living among the Gentiles, Jews could borrow from them some customs. Subsequently, representatives of pagan peoples, becoming Christians, could preserve pagan customs, giving them a new meaning. So it happened everywhere where the new faith came. The church did not object to the old customs, if they were rethought in the Christian spirit. In particular, the custom of painting eggs for Christians is no longer connected with the symbolism of fertility, but with a well-known story about the meeting of Mary Magdalene with the Roman emperor. Objections were caused only by direct references to the past, to pagan ritual actions. For example, in Russia the Orthodox Church did not have anything against colored eggs - they are even consecrated in the temples on the eve of Easter, but they condemned the skating of eggs - the pagan merrymaking associated with the cult of Yarila. Similarly, in the West, one can no longer consider the "pagan" custom of preparing a rabbit for Pascha. Thus, it is impossible to consider Easter as a pagan holiday, and even pre-Christian customs, combined with Easter, ceased to be pagan in their semantic content.