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On the ruins of the USSR

The history of the emergence of the CIS on the ruins of a destroyedalmost overnight in the Soviet Union reminds us of the banal scene of the parting of two lovers who said goodbye to each other: "Let's part ways and just be friends!". Reminds in the sense that, having ceased to be a single country, the former union republics, or rather some of their political figures, made an attempt to preserve at least the appearance of the former really friendly relations. And they created a supranational and, in fact, not too legitimate public organization without clear goals and objectives. To recognize which is legitimate or even just having life prospects, could only that passionate fighter with windmills from the novel Cervantes. Having declared at the creation of the CIS its seemingly sincere desire to develop further allied relations based on the principles of voluntariness, mutual respect and recognition of state sovereignty, eleven republics of the Commonwealth almost immediately fled to their new sovereign "houses" -countries. As a result, quickly turning a good idea on paper into a profanity. However, it is also possible to understand them: before the CIS, whether here and when there are many cases. In the end, everyone has not only the past ...

From Moscow to Brest

Formal establishment of the formerThe Soviet Union was actually an international organization called the CIS, whose goal was to continue the cooperation of the republics in matters of politics, economy, culture and even defense, was announced on December 8, 1991. This decision was the result of an informal meeting of six leaders and chairmen of the Councils of Ministers of three other Soviet republics at the time. It took place in the Belovezhskaya Pushcha, located in the Belorussian reserve, familiar to many on the famous song, the hunting estate of the Central Committee of the CPSU "Viskuli". Participation in it was received by Russians Boris Yeltsin and Gennady Burbulis, Ukrainians Leonid Kravchuk and Vitold Fokin, Belarusians Stanislav Shushkevich and Vyacheslav Kebich. It is curious that even Mikhail Gorbachev, the president of the USSR that continued to exist, was not informed of the place and time of the secret meeting. He learned about it only from the KGB officers, but he did not give the order to arrest the actual conspirators. And soon lost his post. It is by the name of the forest located near the Polish border that the agreement was named "Belovezhskaya". By the way, five of the six main participants, except Yeltsin, are still alive today. But in active politics there is only one - the Belarusian oppositionist and pensioner Shushkevich.

Observers from Afghanistan

The document, which, in addition to the preamble,included 14 more articles, fixed the termination of the existence of the USSR and the formation on its basis of the CIS. Where could voluntarily enter not only founded the Commonwealth of the RSFSR, the Ukrainian and Byelorussian SSR, but all the other union republics. Subsequently, this right was used by Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. In 1993, Georgia joined the organization, which came out of it six years later, after a military conflict with Russia in South Ossetia. In addition to Georgia, there were other losses: in 2005, Turkmenistan replaced its full status as an "observer" (they also have Afghanistan and Mongolia), and in 2014 the withdrawal was declared by the belligerent Ukraine. On December 30, 1991, all CIS members signed an agreement in Minsk on the Council of Heads of State and on its leader. The first was elected president of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin, and the current is his Belarusian counterpart Alexander Lukashenko. Finally, the creation of the Commonwealth ended on January 22, 1993. And also in Minsk, where the main document was approved - the Charter.

But Tretyakov is against it!

In June 2014, the Constitutional Court of Russiaa complaint was filed by Tolyatti resident Dmitriy Tretyakov that the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation refused to consider his statement of claim that the dissolution of the Soviet Union was illegal and the CIS based on it. Based on the legal documents of those years, Tretyakov asserted with good reason that the "Declaration on the cessation of the existence of the USSR" was primarily illegal. After all, it was adopted on December 26, 1991 by the so-called Council of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, which is not stipulated by the Constitution of the country. To the applicant's chagrin, and probably not his alone, the court did not consider the complaint. Thus recognizing the decision of the Supreme Court is quite constitutional, and the creation of the CIS is legal.

When asked about the reasons whymany Soviet historians, politicians and writers are trying to find an answer. Specifically, it's difficult to answer, the versions are different, but the essence and the processes that lead to the disintegration are largely unified.

Socio-political reasons

The totalitarian policy of power, persecution of the church,the persecution of special services of dissidents, a closed exit abroad, the imposition of universal, non-alternative Soviet ideology, the most severe censorship in all printed publications. The growing dissatisfaction with a single power among the union republics, a sharp deterioration in the quality of life, interruptions in essential goods, a food deficit, period of Perestroika. Restrictions for citizens of the Soviet Union in everything connected with the West, against the backdrop of the priority of Western countries in the development of technological progress, the standard of living, and culture.

Perestroika is the designation of grandiose andambiguous changes in the economic, political, social and ideological structure of the USSR in 1986-1991, initiated by the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, Mikhail S. Gorbachev.

Closed access to the current, truthfulinformation about what is happening in the country and the world, intensified after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the numerous wrecks in aviation, the catastrophe and the mass death of people on the ship "Admiral Nakhimov." The desire of representatives of various nations to submit to a single center whose managerial actions ceased to be effective, leading to striving to secede and develop both economically and culturally within their state. The constitution of 1978, according to which a new Union Treaty was to be concluded, actually put the USSR in tion of an illegitimate state, and the preceding constitutions literally ceased to have their validity.

Economic background

The extension of the military-industrial complex tothe first plan of budget expenditures led to the fact that the rest of the spheres were launched, as a result, the economy fell into decay. The military actions of the USSR in Afghanistan, the struggle with the United States, which resulted in a cold war, the material support of countries with developing socialism to the detriment of the interests of their own people. Long reforms aimed at restoring the economy have no results, as a result of which they were completely stopped, which led to a full the destruction of the entire economic, and, after it, the political system of the USSR.

The standard of living of the majority of the population in the firstyears after the collapse of the USSR (and subsequent economic reforms) deteriorated sharply, which still causes negative memories among certain groups of residents.

The actual cause of the final collapseeconomic system of the USSR is the fall in oil prices, which happened not without the participation of the United States. On September 13, 1985, Saudi Arabia announced its restoration to the oil market and the beginning of active production of black gold, followed by a sharp drop in world prices and the collapse of the economy of the USSR.