Tip 1: In what year did the first modern Olympics begin?

Culture and Society

Tip 1: In what year did the first modern Olympics begin?

The Olympic Games lead their tradition from the oldesttimes. But only a little over a hundred years ago the modern stage of the formation of the Olympic movement began. The founder of the new Olympic Games was Pierre de Coubertin.

Instructions

Modern Olympic Games began morecenturies ago, at the end of the XIX century. In 1894, at the Sorbonne University in Paris, thanks to the selfless work of Baron Pierre de Coubertin, it was decided to resume the Olympic Games. Until this year, games were occasionally held in different centuries and in different countries. But from ancient times to the proposal of Pierre de Coubertin so no one has made them a true tradition and the property of athletes from many countries.

The decision to resume the Olympic Games waswas greeted very joyfully, both at the very first meeting of the Olympic Committee in the Sorbonne, and by the athletes. Active preparations for the first Olympic Games of our time began. And already in April 6, 1896 in Athens, their discovery was held. This date was the beginning of the new Olympic Games.

Opening of the first Olympic Games of our time in 1986

It is symbolic that it is Athens, the capital of the Olympicgames of antiquity, became the first city to host the updated games. The situation at the first Olympiad was very solemn, at the time of the opening appeared girls in antique vestments. They showed, as it were, the continuity of the traditions of ancient Greece and the modern world. For the same reason, the marathon race was arranged along the ancient route from Marathon to Athens.

In that first year in the games took partathletes from 13 countries. At that time only men competed. They played medals in 43 sports. Since then, the Olympic Games are held regularly every four years. The break was made only for the period of world wars.

Already in 1924 it was decided toestablishment of the Winter Olympic Games. First they were held in the same year as the summer ones, but in 1994 they were moved for 2 years. Conducting games has always been quite a costly event for the participating countries and for the athletes, so the break in two years went to everyone only for the benefit.

Now the Olympic Games adhere to the same standards and principles that the founder of the International Olympic Committee, Pierre de Coubertin, established for them.

Tip 2: Which Greek athlete won the marathon at the first Olympics

Faster, higher, stronger. These words define all modern Olympics, held regularly and on a large scale. And, like many years ago, they serve the cause of good and peace throughout the world.

Strictly speaking, it is not known who won inmarathon at the first Olympics, since the very first of them took place in 776 BC. In those days there was no media to bring the name of the first marathon runner to the modern reader in newspapers and magazines. Therefore, we can only talk about the current state of affairs, or rather with the organization of the first games of the nineteenth century, in 1896.

The first modern Olympics and the first champion-marathon runner

For organizing the first modern Olympic Gamesa well-known public figure Pierre de Coubertin. He also proposed the motto of the games - "The main thing is not victory, but participation." It's interesting, but only men took part in them. This inequality has been corrected since the second games.

Interesting fact: Olympiad was previously considered not games themselves, but the period between them, equal to four years.

A significant number of athletes were from Greece. This is not surprising, since the Olympics itself was held in Athens. In the program of competitions nine kinds of sports were represented. And it all started with athletics competitions. Medals were given to Americans, French and other participants. The Greeks were not lucky until the very marathon race.

Marathon race - a test of strength

It all started on April 10 with the start of 24 athletes. The race took place in the conditions of severe heat, which made the game literally a battle for survival. Organizers of the marathon somewhat reduced the traditional distance of 42 kilometers 195 meters to 40 kilometers, but this did not make the competition easier. Leaders constantly changed, until on the 33rd kilometer there was a strong advantage of the Greek Spiridon (Spiros) Louis.

The first marathon runner, who ran this distance to deliver the glad tidings of the victory of the Greeks, died.

The excitement in the stands was getting stronger, the audienceliterally jumped up in the stands. Judges, unable to bear the tension, fell from their seats and, together with the athlete, crossed the finish line. At this moment the crowd poured into the hero, began to pump it in his arms, and the champion was escorted to the royal box. He deservedly won the competition and deserved honor. Interestingly, before his victory the athlete was an ordinary shepherd, nothing special stood out. But as soon as he accomplished this sport feat, Louis immediately became a national hero. The Olympics became for him that chance, which happens only once in a lifetime. It should be recalled that in those days there was still no such serious doping war, there were no synthetic anabolics, which makes Luiz's feat doubly meaningful. However, success did not change the athlete's habitual way of life. After the competition, he returned to his small village of Amarushi, where he practiced pasta and sold mineral water. Only after twelve years American Johnny Hayes was able to beat Luis's record in 2 hours 58 minutes and 50 seconds. The Greek athlete himself never took part in the Olympic Games. The opening of the first Olympic Games almost completely repeated the ancient ceremony with the laying of a laurel wreath on the heads of champions, the presentation of a palm branch and a medal. Later, the Olympic movement gained momentum and is to this day a symbol of human achievement and a mirror in which the spirit of the people of the planet Earth is reflected.

Tip 3: What year did the modern Olympic Games begin?

The largest international sports,held every four years, called the Olympic Games. The tradition of the games originated in Ancient Greece. Modern Olympic summer games began to be held in 1896, winter - in 1924.

Instructions

In 1766-1770 in Olympia were conductedarchaeological excavations, as a result of which found the temple and sports facilities. In 1875, studies were continued by German specialists. Europeans embraced the desire to revive the Olympic culture. Particularly puzzled by this thought, the French Baron Pierre de Coubertin. He wanted to improve physical culture of the French with the help of games, overcome Nazism, achieve peace and international understanding. He urged to measure himself in sports competitions, and not on the battlefields.

Pierre de Coubertin presented his ideas and thoughtsinternational public in 1894 at the congress, which was held at the University of Paris at the Sorbonne. And on the last day the congressmen decided that the modern Olympic Games will be held in 1896 in the country-the ancestor of the games - Greece, in Athens. The International Olympic Committee was founded to organize and conduct games. The president of the committee was the Greek Demetrius Vikelas, and the secretary-general was Baron Pierre de Coubertin.

The first games of 1896 were a great success. 241 athletes from 14 countries took part. Greek officials put forward the proposal that the Olympic Games will always be held on their land. However, the IOC introduced a rule whereby the games changed the venue every 4 years. The next Olympic Games were held in Paris. For the first time, women and athletes from the Russian Empire participated. In 1904, the games were held in St. Louis, USA. Only American athletes participated there, because Europeans were technically difficult to reach the other mainland. Interest in games began to fade. The emergency Olympic games of 1906 in Athens were saved.

The Winter Olympic Games began to be held from 1924of the year. The games until 1992 were organized in the same years as the summer ones. Since 1994, the IOC decided to hold the Winter Games with a two-year shift relative to the summer games. The first Olympiad took place in Chamonix, France.

In 1916, 1940 and 1944 the Olympic Games were notwere conducted because of world wars. Only 21 states received the right to conduct competitions. In the same places two weeks later, the Paralympic Games for athletes with disabilities are held. At the Summer Olympics in Helsinki in 1952 for the first time the USSR team took part, and four years later she made her debut in the winter games. The title of the Olympic champion is considered desirable and honorable in the career of each athlete.

Tip 4: The Summer Olympics of 1936 in Berlin

The Olympic Games as a major internationalthe event repeatedly became a platform for political rivalry. Especially it was noticeable at the games of 1936 in Berlin, where the Nazis tried to show their successes and excellence in all kinds of sports.

The decision to hold the games in Berlin was madeThe International Olympic Committee in 1931, two years before the Nazis came to power. At this time in Germany, the period of the Weimar Republic continued. The country suffered from the economic crisis, but fulfilled the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles and had not yet begun military aggression. The active process of preparing for the games began already after the establishment of Hitler's dictatorship. The Olympics became a real challenge to the ideology of Nazism. After all, the ideal citizen of a new German state should have a healthy spirit in a healthy body. Sport was propagated both among women, and among men, and even in art, the images of athletes dominated. The international event became an occasion for demonstrating the economic successes of the country. Several new sports facilities were built, including a stadium for 100,000 seats. Berlin according to the plan of the organizers should not be inferior to Los Angeles, where the previous Games were held. All the Games were visited by athletes from 49 countries. At least two countries - the USSR and Spain - decided to boycott the Games for political reasons. In the US there was also a serious debate on this topic, but in the end the politicians decided to send a delegation to Germany from the country. From a technical point of view, sports events were organized at a very high level. For the first time a television broadcast of the Games was conducted. And the director Leni Riefenstahl conducted the shooting during all the competitions. Of these materials, the film "Olympia" was later compiled. The greatest number of medals, both gold and all in all, was given to German athletes. It was a triumph, something that, in fact, the Nazis sought. The United States took the second place in the unofficial team standings with more than 30 medals. However, the real star of the Olympics was exactly the American athlete Jesse Owens. He won 4 gold medals and became the most successful athlete of the Olympics. He was a Negro, than visually disproved the Nazi myths about the superiority of some nations over others. The Olympics of 1936 was the last before the Second World War. The next sporting event of this level was held only in 1948.