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The first large book depository in Russia was createdYaroslav the Wise in Kiev in 1037. Also handwritten books of religious content were kept in libraries of monasteries. They used religious ministers.

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The term "library" first appeared in 1499 in the "Gennady Bible", which was translated in Novgorod. This word was also found in the Solovetsky Chronicle of 1602.

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In the XYII century, a powerful centralized state was formed in Russia. The processes of centralization of the administrative apparatus have also affected the library business.

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In 1648 in the Typographic StateThe library had 148 manuscripts and books. In just 30 years, their number was brought up to 637, and the library fund, in addition to Russian-language, included foreign publications.

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At the end of the XII century this library became the largest in Russia book depository. Civil servants and teachers used literature.

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In 1696, Peter I issued a decree on the creation of a large library under the ambassadorial order. It housed 333 books predominantly in foreign languages. They gave books to ambassadors and clerks in different cities.

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During the same period, speciallibraries containing books on military affairs, astronomy, geography and other sciences. They could be used by foundry workers, craftsmen, etc. This was the process of transition from collections of religious books to secular publications.

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In 1714, Peter I established in St. Petersburgthe first state scientific library in Russia. It was replenished from four sources: a) private collections, b) from libraries of various Orders, c) through the purchase and exchange with foreign scientific institutions, d) from the printing house one copy of each edition was sent to the library.

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Scientific books were used by scientists, representatives of the nobility, civil servants. Great contribution to the development of libraries was made by Catherine II. She also opened access to books for unauthorized persons.

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In the XYIII-XIX centuries conditions were created fordevelopment of university libraries. This was facilitated by government allocations and development of the printing industry. A compulsory copy of each new book was necessarily sent to libraries.

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At the beginning of the XIX century in the library of MoscowUniversity there were more than 20 thousand books. Mathematician Lobachevsky in Kazan has made the transformation of the university library into a public library open to a wide range of people.

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By the beginning of the 20th century, a single librarysystem, rules and statutes, obligatory for all institutions began to appear. In 1917, the Imperial Public Library expanded to 2 million titles.

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Soviet power viewed libraries as an important social institution that required special leadership. As a result, all libraries and large private collections were nationalized.

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The task was to collect and store all printed materials. Reference and bibliographic departments developed.

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Now the world's largest Russian state library contains approximately 42 million publications. Since 1995, Russia has celebrated the day of libraries.