Tip 1: Who was the first to receive the Nobel Prize

Culture and Society

Tip 1: Who was the first to receive the Nobel Prize

For more than 100 years, the Nobel Prize has been awarded annually to scientists who made the most significant discoveries for mankind, and writers who created the most significant literary works.

Testament of Alfred Nobel

Chemist, engineer and inventor Alfred Nobelearned his fortune primarily due to the invention of dynamite and other explosives. At one time, Nobel became one of the richest people on the planet.

In all, Nobel owned 355 inventions.

At the same time, the glory that the scientist used,can not be called good. In 1888 his brother Ludwig died. However, by mistake, journalists wrote in the newspapers about the death of Alfred Nobel himself. So one day he read in the press his own obituary, entitled "Death Merchant is Dead." This incident made the inventor think about what kind of memory will remain about him in future generations. And Alfred Nobel changed his will.

The new testament of Alfred Nobel much offended the relatives of the inventor, who were left with nothing.

The new testament was announced after deathmillionaire, in 1897. According to this paper, all movable and immovable property of Nobel should have been converted into capital, which, in turn, should be placed in a reliable bank. The revenues from this capital should be divided annually into five equal parts and awarded in prize form to scientists who made the most significant discoveries in the field of physics, chemistry, medicine; writers who created the best literary works; as well as those who made the most significant contribution "to the rallying of nations, the destruction of slavery or the decline in the number of existing armies and the promotion of peaceful congresses" (peace prize).

The first laureates

Traditionally, the first prize in the field ofmedicine and physiology. So the first Nobel laureate in 1901 was the German bacteriologist Emil Adolf von Behring, who developed the vaccine against diphtheria. Afterwards he receives a prize as a laureate in physics. The first of this award was awarded to Wilhelm Roentgen - for the discovery of the rays named by his name. The first Nobel Prize winner in the field of chemistry was Jacob Vant-Goff, who studied the laws of thermodynamics for various solutions. The first writer who was awarded this high award was Rene Sully Prudy. The prize in the field of the struggle for peace is handed to the latter. In 1901, it was divided between Jean Henri Dunant and Frederic Passy. Humanist from Switzerland Dunant is the founder of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Frenchman Frederic Passy is the leader of the movement for peace in Europe.

Council 2: Who and for what was the first to receive the Nobel Prize

The history of the Nobel Prize began in 1889,when the brother of the famous inventor of dynamite Alfred Nobel - Ludwig died. Then the journalists confused the information and placed an obituary on Alfred's death, calling him a death trader in it. It was the inventor's toga that decided to leave behind a softer inheritance that would bring joy to those who really deserved it.

Instructions

After the announcement of Nobel's will broke outscandal - the relatives were against the fact that the big money (which by what is nowadays) went to the fund, and not got to them. But despite the ardent condemnation of the intimate inventors in 1900, the fund was still founded.

The first delivery of the Nobel Prizes passed in 1901year in Stockholm. The winners were scientists and researchers from various fields: physics, chemistry, medicine, literature. The very first person to receive such a valuable award was Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen for the discovery of a new form of energy and rays that received his name. Interestingly, there was no X-ray at the award ceremony. He learned that he had become a laureate while in Munich. And the laureates in physics usually receive the second prize, but as a sign of deep respect and recognition of the importance of the discovery made by Rentegnom, he was given the first prize.

The next nominee for the same prize was a chemistJacob van't Hoff for his discoveries and research in the field of chemical dynamics. He proved that Avogadro's law is valid and valid for dilute solutions. In addition, Vant-Goff experimentally proved that the osmotic pressure in weak solutions obeys the gas laws of thermodynamics. In medicine, Emil Adolf von Behring received his recognition and honor for his discovery of serum. This study, according to the professional community, has become an important step in the treatment of diphtheria. This helped save a lot of human lives, which before that were simply doomed.

The fourth in the same year received a literary award- Renee Sully-Prudhomme. He was awarded for outstanding literary merits, the presence of high idealism in his works, artistic perfection, as well as for an unusual combination of sincerity and talent.

The first Nobel Peace Prize was awardedthe founder of the International Red Cross, Jean Henri Dunant. So the judges noted his peacekeeping work. After Dunant founded a society to secure prisoners of war, initiated a campaign against the slave trade, supported the exiled people.

Despite the fact that in 1901 was heldthe first official ceremony of awarding the Nobel Prize, it is believed that the very first such award was given in 1896. Then the Imperial Russian Technical Society decided to reward Alexei Stepanov for his scientific merit. Such an honor, he was awarded for the study "Fundamentals of the theory of lamps." She was not counted for the main reason, because she wore the name not of Alfred Nobel, but of his brother Ludwig.