Tip 1: Who was part of the Triple Alliance and Entente

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Tip 1: Who was part of the Triple Alliance and Entente

The First World War, which until 1939remained the largest military conflict in history, was a confrontation between two associations: the Triple Alliance and the Entente. The composition of these blocks was unstable, they changed during the war and at the time of its end involved most of the civilized countries of the world. It is for this reason that the war began to be called the First World War.

Balance of forces at the beginning of the war

Triple Alliance of the Triple Alliancewas formed in two stages, in the period from 1879 to 1882 years. The first participants were Germany and Austria-Hungary, which concluded the treaty in 1879, and in 1882 it also included Italy. Italy did not fully share the Union's policy, in particular, had an agreement on non-aggression with Britain, in the event of a conflict between the latter and Germany. Thus, the Triple Alliance included most of Central and Eastern Europe from the Baltic to the Mediterranean, some countries of the Balkan Peninsula, and western Ukraine, which was then part of Austria-Hungary. Almost two years after the outbreak of the war, in 1915, Italy, which suffered huge financial losses, withdrew from the Triple Alliance and moved to the Entente side. At the same time, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria rose to the side of Germany and Austria-Hungary. After their accession, the bloc was renamed the Quadruple Alliance (or the Central Powers). The Antanta military political bloc (from the French "consent") also did not form immediately and responded to the rapidly growing influence and aggressive policies of the countries of the Triple Alliance. The creation of the Entente can be divided into three stages. In 1891 the Russian Empire concluded a union agreement with France, to which in 1892 a defensive convention was added. In 1904, the United Kingdom, seeing a threat to its policy on the part of the Triple Alliance, concluded an alliance with France, and in 1907 with the Russian Empire. Thus, the backbone of the Entente was formed, which became the Russian Empire, the French Republic and the British Empire. It is these three countries, as well as Italy that joined in 1915 with the Republic of San Marino, who took the most active part in the war on the side of the Entente, but in fact 26 other states entered the bloc at different stages. From the Balkan countries, Serbia, Montenegro, Greece and Romania joined the war with the Triple Alliance. Other European countries, which added to the list, were Belgium and Portugal. The countries of Latin America, almost in full force, took the side of the Entente. It was supported by Ecuador, Uruguay, Peru, Bolivia, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Haiti, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Brazil, Cuba and Panama. The northern neighbor, the United States, did not join the Entente, but took part in the war on her side as an independent ally. The war also affected some countries in Asia and Africa. In these regions, China and Japan, Siam, Hijaz and Liberia spoke on the side of the Entente.

Tip 2: How did the Triple Alliance and the Entente

Triple Alliance and Entente - military-politicalblocks formed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the main European powers. During the First World War, these coalitions were the main opposing forces.

Triple Alliance

The beginning of the division of Europe into hostile camps wasthe establishment in 1879-1882 of the Triple Alliance, which included Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. It was this military-political bloc that played a decisive role in the preparation and unleashing of World War I. The initiator of the creation of the Triple Alliance was Germany, which in 1879 entered into an alliance agreement with Austria-Hungary. The Austro-German Treaty, also known as the Double Alliance, was primarily directed against France and Russia. Subsequently, this treaty became the basis for the creation of a military bloc led by Germany, after which the European states were finally divided into two hostile camps. In the spring of 1882, Italy joined the union of Austria-Hungary and Germany. May 20, 1882, these countries entered into a secret treaty on the Triple Alliance. According to the five-year agreement signed by the Allies, they assumed the obligation not to participate in any agreements directed against one of these states, to provide mutual support and consult on all political and economic issues. Also, all participants of the Triple Alliance committed themselves, in the case of joint participation in the war, not to conclude a separate peace and keep the Treaty on the Triple Alliance in secret. By the end of the 19th century, Italy was gradually changing its policy under the yoke of losses from the customs war with France. In 1902, she had to conclude an agreement with the French on neutrality in case of an attack on France in Germany. Just before the outbreak of World War I, Italy, as a result of a secret agreement known as the London Pact, left the Triple Alliance and joined the Entente.

Entente

The response to the creation of the Triple Alliancewas the creation in 1891 of the Franco-Russian Union, which later became the basis of the Entente. The strengthening of Germany aspiring to hegemony in Europe and the secret creation of the Triple Alliance led to reciprocal measures on the part of Russia of France, and then of Great Britain. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Britain, as a result of the escalating German-British contradictions, had to abandon the policy of "brilliant isolation", which implied non-participation in any military blocs and concluded military-political agreements with opponents of Germany. The British signed the treaty with France in 1904, and in three years in 1907 an agreement was reached with Russia. The concluded contracts actually formalized the creation of the Entente. The confrontation between the Triple Alliance and the Entente led to World War I, in which the Entente and its allies were confronted by a bloc of Central Powers headed by Germany.