Tip 1: What was the name of the god of war in different nations
Tip 1: What was the name of the god of war in different nations
Representatives of many pagan culturesworshiped the god of war, sometimes not even to one. Since the primitive peoples of antiquity enjoyed victory in the war as the mercy of heaven, the gods of war occupied an important position in the pantheon. Each tribe had its own god of war, but often these gods were endowed with similar features of character.
Greek gods of war
The Greeks worshiped two gods of war: Ares - a treacherous, treacherous and bloodthirsty god, who loves chaos and war for the sake of war, and Athena - an honest, fair and wise goddess who prefers to conduct an organized war using strategy. Ares and Athena entered the pantheon of the twelve major Olympic gods. According to ancient Greek myths, Ares also had satellites: the goddess of strife and infighting Eris, the goddess of the raging war and rage of Enyo, as well as his sons Phobos (god of fear) and Deimos (the god of horror).Roman gods of war
The main god of the Roman war was Mars, whowas originally a god of fertility and was considered the founder and guardian of Rome. After the conquest of Greece, Mars was identified with Ares. Mars was one of the three gods who stood at the head of the Roman pantheon. His companions were the god of terror, Pavor (identified with the Greek god Deimos), the god of fear Pallor (identified with the Greek god Phobos), the goddess of the Bellona war (identified with the Greek goddess Enio) and the goddess Discordia (identified with the Greek goddess Eris). The Romans also revered Minerva, identified with the Greek goddess Athena, as the patroness of the war.Egyptian gods of war
As gods of war, the Egyptians revered Seth,Sekhmet and Montou. Initially, in ancient Egyptian mythology, Seth was considered a god-warrior, patronizing the royal power. Later Seth was demonized and contrasted with one of the central Egyptian deities Mountain. As a result, Seth became the god of war, death, chaos and destruction. The goddess of war Sekhmet was considered the guardian of the world, but at the same time she had a changeable character: she let in sicknesses and healed them, enjoyed bloodshed, and her anger brought epidemics. Ancient Egyptian god Montu was among the solar deities, but later also became revered as the god of war.The West Semitic god of war
Semites did not have a single mythological system,as each locality, as a rule, had its god-patron. Nevertheless, the common deity of the war for all Western Semites was Baal, also called Baal and Baloo. Baal was revered not only as the god of war, but also as the god of fertility, heaven, sun, waters, creator of the universe, animals and people.Celtic gods of war
The Celtic deity of the war was Kamul, whomthe Romans identified with Mars. The functions of Kamul are little known, as there are few written references to this god. In addition to Kamula, the Celts worshiped the three sisters Morrigan, Badb and Mahe. Some researchers believe that they were not separate deities, but reflected different aspects of the tri-sacred goddess of war.Scandinavian gods of war
The Supreme God of the Scandinavians One at a timewas also the god of war. His retinue was the Valkyries - the virgins deciding the fate of the warriors on the battlefield and selecting heroes for the valiant palaces of Valhalla. The son of Odin Tyur, also called Tire or Tiv, was worshiped as the god of military valor. Scandinavian goddess of love and fertility Freya could also bring victory in the battle, so she was revered as a goddess of war. In addition, she took away those fallen soldiers who did not enter Valhalla.Slavic god of war
The main god of the Old Russian pagan pantheonPerun was revered as the god of thunder and lightning, as well as the patron of the prince, squads and military elite. After the arrival of Christianity, Perun's military traits were transferred to St. George the Victorious and partly to the holy martyrs Boris and Gleb.Tip 2: Which gods were part of the pantheon of the Greek gods
Plots of Greek myths have become the mainmany great works of world culture. Pictures, sculptures, libretto of operas and ballets, allusions in countless literary works are associated with the names of the gods of the Greek pantheon.
Olympians
In total, the Greek pantheon includes about a hundredvarious gods and goddesses, but only twelve of them belong to the "main". These are the children and grandsons of the Titans, who permanently reside on the summit of the mythical Mount Olympus. The main of them is Zeus, the son of Crown and Rhea, the master of thunder and lightning. Zeus - the father of many gods and heroes, is known for his numerous novels with mortal beauties. The symbols of Zeus, on which you can identify his image - lightning, eagle, oak, scepter and scales. Wife Thunderer - the goddess of marriage and love - Hera. She often suffers from his many changes, but does not take revenge on her husband, but on his passions and children. The symbols of Hera are a peacock, a grant, a cuckoo, a lion and a cow. The brothers Zeus - Poseidon and Hades (aka Hades) - reign in the underwater and underground world. Poseidon - the god of the seas, tides and earthquakes - he is depicted with a trident in his hand, often accompanied by horses, bulls and dolphins. Hades is not formally an Olympian, because he seldom leaves his gloomy possessions. The sisters of Zeus are Demeter and Hestia. The generous Demetra is the goddess of fertility, the change of seasons, the patroness of all who are engaged in agriculture. Tender Hestia is the goddess of the hearth.Peaceful Hestia gave way to Olympus Dionysus.Sons and daughters of Zeus - Athena, Apollo,Artemis, Ares, Hephaestus, Hermes and Dionysus. Athene patronizes the strategists and artisans, she is the goddess of wisdom. The symbols of Athena are an owl and an olive tree. Apollo is a solar god, he protects poets and musicians, as well as archers. His symbols are the sun, the bow, the lyre and the arrows, the companions of Apollo - the crow, the wolf, the swan and the mouse. Sister Apollo, Artemis, also patronizes archers. Yes, and how else, because she is the goddess of hunting. Since she is a virgin herself, innocent girls fall under her protection, even Artemis is the goddess of the Moon, therefore this luminary is one of her symbols along with cypress, onions and arrows, deer and bear. Militant Ares is the god of struggle, violence, bloodshed, he is always depicted in a helmet, with a shield and a spear. A beautiful Aphrodite, whose symbols are, a dove, apple, myrtle and swan - the goddess of desire, beauty and love. Lame Hephaestus is a blacksmith, his element is a flame. Hermes is a cunning and eloquent messenger of the gods, dressed in sandals with frivolous wings - under his patronage are not only merchants, but thieves with the players. He will not help those who have conceived a low deception, but will come to the aid of enthusiastic cunning. Dionysus is the youngest and frivolous of all Olympians, God is a holiday, his diocese of celebration and wine drinking.
Other Greek gods
Frequent guests on Olympus are Hebe and Eros. Light-legged Hebe, the daughter of Zeus and Hera, often pours nectar and ambrosia on cups to feasting gods together with Ganymede. Eros, the son of Aphrodite and Ares, sometimes lets out his love-bearing arrows, not only in mortals, but also in other gods and goddesses. Beautiful Persephone, daughter of Demeter and Zeus, six months reigns in the underworld with her husband, a gloomy Hades, and six happy with her society mother. In the underwater world, along with Poseidon, his wife, the goddess Amphitrite, lives.It was joy and sorrow that the Greeks explained to Demeter the change of seasons.There is no place on Olympus to the goat-like god Panu, yeshe does not strive to go there, preferring to stay in his native element, because he is a deity of nature, a patron of shepherds, a defender of their flocks, a fan of simple melodies and an eternal companion of beautiful nymphs. He is fond of sunny Greece, with its forests and fields, than the shining Olympus. Dark gods - Deimos, Hecate, Phobos, Nemesis and Eris - also do not belong to the host of Olympians. Deimos - the god of madness, his brother Phobos - inspires terror in all, Hecate - the goddess, the patroness of witchcraft, Eris - brings quarrels and enmity with him, and Nemesis comes to the aid of those who are obsessed with revenge. Also among the famous gods of the Greek pantheon is to know Nick - crowning the victors, the healer of Asclepius, the god of sleep of Hypnos, the god of death of Thanatos, Nyxu - the goddess of the night, Morpheus, in charge of the sublime dream, three graces and nine muses.
Tip 3: The Pantheon of the Slavic Gods
In contrast to the myths of Ancient Egypt or AncientGreece, the mythology of the Slavs was not originally associated with a written tradition. Legends were passed from mouth to mouth, and rare records about Slavic beliefs belong to the pen of Christian missionaries or belong to later epochs. Therefore, the pantheon of Slavic gods in the modern view is based on various scientific hypotheses and is often the subject of controversy.
The Supreme Gods
Scientists did not agree on whoconsider "central" figure of the Slavic myths. In the opinion of some, the "main" deity of the Slavs was the god of heavenly fire, the god-smith Svarog. Others tend to believe that the main roles in the Slavic pantheon were played by the god of thunder and Perun and his eternal rival, the "cattle god" Veles. According to some myths Veles not only patronized agriculture, but also was the god of the afterlife, he is also called the god of wisdom, whose "grandchildren" are storytellers. There is a version and that the supreme Slavic deity was triune and bore the name of Triglav. The composition of the "divine trinity" is also a stumbling block among the learned men. Here there are suggestions that the three above mentioned gods were included, and that they were Svarog, Perun and Dazhdbog - the sun god who gives wealth and power. Sometimes the third is called Svetovid - the god of fertility and, at the same time, the war. Do not forget that the god-maker in Slavic mythology is also Rod, and the goddess-mother - Rozhanitsa. Sons of Rod are already mentioned Svarog, Veles and their younger brother - Kryshenya, the god responsible for the light beginning and for the connection between the world of gods and people.The first written mention of Svarog, as the supreme deity, dates back to the 15th century. About him they write in the Ipatiev Chronicle.Other important deities for the Slavs were Yariloand Morena (Moran). Yarilo personified spring and rebirth, his sister, and at the same time his wife - Morena - winter and dying. According to myths, both of these gods are Perun's children born in one night, but Velez kidnapped the boy and carried him to the afterlife. Every spring Yarilo returns to the realm of the living and celebrates the wedding with Morena, bringing a revival to nature. The marriage between these brothers and sisters, according to the beliefs of the Slavs, brings peace and fertility. However, after the harvest, in autumn, Morena kills her husband and he returns back to the Welsh kingdom of the dead, she is getting old and by the end of winter dies so that she will be reborn with the beginning of the new year. The myth of Yaril and Morena is cyclical, explaining the change of seasons. The struggle between Perun and Veles was explained by the Slavs origin of thunder and lightning. The reason why the god-thunderer pursued the turned serpent Veles, is also the subject of a dispute between scientists. Discord occurred either because of the theft of cattle (celestial clouds and associated water), or because of the abduction of his wife - the Sun (so, supposedly, the Slavs explained the change of day and night).
The wedding between Yarila and Moreno is celebrated on Ivan Kupala, on the day of the summer solstice.
Other gods of the Slavic pantheon
Due to the lack of a single generally accepted concept,"Spheres of influence" of the Slavic gods are difficult to separate. So the goddess of love in different sources is called, as Lelya, sharing the title of "spring" deity with Yaril, and Lada - the deity "summer", the patroness of marriage. The Goddess of Love and Alive, also responsible for fertility. "Female" goddess is called Makosh (Makos), she, along with the daughters of Doli and Nedolya, judges the fate of a person. Chernobog, like Velez, controls the world of the dead, Navej, its antipode - Belobog reigns over the world of the living, Yavyev.To imagine a single, harmonious picture of the Slavic pantheon, you should abandon the scientific point of view. This is how Neopagans, whose beliefs are based on the Book of Veles, allegedly written on the lost wooden plaques of the 9th century and who appeared in the second half of the 19th century, do this. Scientists consider the Welsh book as falsification, and Slavic mythology is a secret for seven seals, a field for guesswork and speculation.Tip 4: Ancient Greek gods: names and characters
The gods of ancient Hellas are very similar to people with all their shortcomings and vices. The supreme authority, which the Olympians are endowed, made their whims and whims especially dangerous for mortals.
Children of Chaos
Before the creation of the world, according to the version of the Hellenes, it was onlyan endless silent emptiness - Chaos. Out of Chaos, Earth-Gaia arose. In addition to it, Chaos spawned Night-Noktu and Dark-Erebus. Nokta and Erebus produced the goddess of light Gemer and Ether - air. After that, Nokta went to Tartarus - a great abyss in the bowels of the Earth. Nokta and Gemer rule on Earth, replacing each other. In a dream, Gaia the Earth gave birth to the god of Heaven - the mighty Uranus. Uranus took Gaea as his wife, for which it is difficult to blame him - there simply was no choice.Children of Uranus and Gaia
The first-born of Gaia and Uranus became the fifty-headedhekatonhaires - Kott, Gies and Briaray. Then three brothers-kiklops (in the Russian transcription of the Cyclops) were born, giants with one eye in the middle of the forehead - Arg, Bront and Sterop. The aesthetic sense of Uranus was offended by the peculiar appearance of his sons, and he plunged them into Tartarus. Then the divine couple produced a dozen beautiful titans and titanides, immortal and powerful. Titans and Titanides became the parents of other inhabitants of Olympus.Crown
Gaia, as a loving mother, could not reconcile herself withimprisonment of eldest children in a terrible Tartarus and suggested to the grown-up Titans to overthrow their father and release the brothers. The younger, Crohn, who dreamed of becoming the king of the world, Gaia armed with a sickle. Titans, in addition to the older Ocean, attacked the sleeping father, and Cron scanned the weapons received from his mother. From the fallen gods of the blood of the god of Heaven, horrible goddesses of vengeance were born-Erinia Alecto, Tisiphon and Megera. Uranus foretold the insidious son that he would also fall by the hand of his own son. The grown titans liberated the Kiklops and Hecatonhaires and gave Kronu power over the world. However, the cunning Cron, having won, again plunged the firstborn of the Earth and Heaven into Tartarus.Zeus
Cron took the wife of Titanide Ray. He could not forget Crohn's prophecy and therefore swallowed all his newborn children: Hades, Poseidon, Hestia, Hera and Demeter. To save the next baby, Zeus, Rey wrapped herself in a diaper and slipped her indecipherable spouse. Zeus the same mother put in a golden cradle and hung on a high pine on the island of Crete, so that Cron could not find a child either in heaven or on earth. The infant was guarded by the warrior-kurts, the sons of Gaia. Every time the baby began to cry, the soldiers beat their swords against the shields and started dancing with dashing exclamations to drown out the crying. The divine goat Amalthea remembered Zeus with her milk, and the bees were fed with honey. Angered Zeus attacked his father, took his power from him and forced his beloved siblings to regurgitate.Gera
Zeus' wife was Hera, daughter of Crohn and Rhea. This alliance can hardly be called a particularly happy one: the amorous Zeus was constantly fascinated by other goddesses, nymphs, and even mortal women. Hera did not dare openly scandal with a powerful spouse, but constantly took revenge on her rivals in the most cruel ways. Probably, therefore, the ancient Greeks considered her the patroness of conjugal unions and responsible for procreation.Poseidon
Zeus gave his brother Poseidon possessionsea water. Poseidon married the nymph Amphitrite, and also did not differ in fidelity to his wife. Many of his sons terrified mortals: the monstrous Minotaur, the Cyclops Polyphemus, the robber Skyron, the strong man Antey.Hades
Another brother, Hades, Zeus gave the kingdom of the dead. Hades never ascended to Olympus, to his divine relatives, and ruled the underground world with his wife Persephone, who was kidnapped from her mother, the goddess of fertility of Demeter. Although Hades remained faithful to his wife, to call the happy life of Demeter too will not work: the beautiful goddess was forced to spend half her life in the gloomy world of shadows. Spring and summer Persephone, according to the decision of the gods, spent with her mother.Athena
The first wife of Zeus was the goddess of wisdom Metis. However, the Thunderer was predicted that the son she had borne would take power from his father. Without philosophizing slyly, Zeus followed his father's example and swallowed Metis. However, soon he had a terrible headache. When the divine blacksmith Hephaestus, at the request of the sick, cut his head, a beautiful virgin appeared out of there in full military attire - Athena. She became the patroness of science and crafts, martial arts and navigation. Perhaps Athena was the most revered goddess in Hellas.Tip 5: The famous gods of the ancient Romans
The Roman Empire is a state in whichreigned pagan culture, that is, the culture of worship of many different gods, deities and gods. People worshiped the god of lightning and the goddess of fertility, the god of war and the goddess of love, the god of thieves and the goddess of the hearth, and many others.
List of revered gods of the ancient Romans can beContinue indefinitely, because besides many famous deities for the Romans, there was also a patron-genius, individual for each person and for each family, as well as the most diverse spirits of nature and incredible creatures like mermaids, pegasus and fire-breathing snakes. However, it is possible to single out the most famous and revered gods of the ancient Romans.
God of War - Mars
We must not forget that empires are being builtfar from peaceful ways, and therefore the army and professional wars were a large society in the Roman Empire, mainly worshiping the terrible god of war, Mars, who helps valiant warriors on the battlefields.
Goddess of the hearth - Vesta
The other side of life is a house ready to meetthe returning brave hero. It's children, family. And it is the peaceful life that is patronized by the goddess Vesta. It was believed that as long as the fire sustained by the Vestals in the main temple burns, Rome will prosper.
Goddess of Spring and Fertility - Flora
Neither peace nor war can be without trivial food: without vegetables, fruits and cereals, which generously endows people with generous Flora.
It is possible to single out other gods of ancient Rome. For example, Mercury was patronized by travelers, merchants and thieves. The goddess of hunting and war was the beautiful Diana, and all the couple were patronized by Venus. The goddess Venus also was responsible for the passion, love and devotion to the marriage bed.
The gods Mars, Venus, Mercury, Diana were inRoman mythology of the fourth generation gods and were children of Jupiter. The latter was a more senior god - from the third generation. Jupiter was called the god of thunder and lightning. The goddess Vesta was also included in the number of the third generation of gods, like Jupiter. Vesta and Jupiter in the ancient Roman religion were children of the titans Saturn and Ops.
Council 6: What gods were worshiped by the Egyptians
Before the rise and spread of Christianityreligious beliefs of the Egyptians were very diverse. For thousands of years the religion of Egypt has gone through several stages of its development. The gods changed, and with them religious rituals arose and disappeared.
Instructions
1
In ancient Egypt, there was somea kind of a single religion, which at the same time was combined with multiple cults of local gods. Focusing on worshiping one of the idols, the Egyptians still recognized other deities. For this reason, the religious structure of Ancient Egypt is considered to be polytheistic. The tendencies of monotheism were manifested first of all in the emergence of the cult of the god Aton.
2
The inhabitants of Egypt in ancient times were sure that the worldand the life of every man is wholly governed by the gods. They were depicted on the walls of temples, in honor of the gods they created majestic sculptures. Images of the gods can be found in the burials of the palace nobility and the pharaohs. It is believed that the Egyptian pyramids were one way to perpetuate the divine nature of the rulers of the country.
3
Legends say that all the living things in the world were born by GodAtum, who came to the world from chaos and utter darkness. He created the god Shu and his companion goddess Tefnut. Shu was a reflection of the inextricable connection between heaven and earth, and Tefnut personified a feminine principle that gave life to all life. From the marriage union of these deities, other gods were born, each of whom was responsible for one of the elements.
4
Perhaps the most famous religious characterEgypt - the god Osiris. Up to the present, a beautiful legend has come about how he came into being, how to rightly rule the people, caring for the needs of every person. Osiris in his deeds helped the goddess Isis, who was distinguished by wisdom and faithfulness to her husband. The myth of Osiris reflects the aspirations of ordinary Egyptians who were convinced that justice in the world entirely depends on the will of the gods.
5
One of the central deities in the systemreligious beliefs of the Egyptians eventually became the god of Ra. He represented the power and energy of the Sun. Every day Ra rose to the zenith through the great sky, and by sunset again descended to the ground, where he courageously fought with the forces of darkness, invariably defeating them. In daily battles with evil he was helped by the god of wisdom That. His divine nature was determined by the moon.
6
By the time of the reign of Pharaoh Amenhotep IVrefers to the heyday of the cult of the god Aton. He was the embodiment of the solar disk and absorbed the features of many other Egyptian deities. In an effort to strengthen his personal authority, Amenhotep IV declared Aton the only god for all Egyptians. Throughout the time of the reign of this pharaoh, worship of other gods was forbidden.
7
This is only a small part of the huge pantheon of the gods,which at various times worshiped the Egyptians. The inhabitants of Egypt also with great reverence and sacred trepidation related to the Nile River, on which the life of the country's population depended largely. The full-blooded Nile was worshiped, considering him a deity, prayers and hymns were added in honor of him.
