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Principles of action of the European Union

In 1992 it was legally decorated and sealedThe relevant treaty is the European Union, which includes countries that were formerly members of the European Economic Community. Gradually, a system of standardized laws was developed that operated in all countries of the Union. The common market for these countries began to develop intensively, the free movement of citizens, capital and goods was put into practice. The European Union adopts legislative acts, decrees and directives in the sphere of internal affairs and administration of justice, develops a common policy for all members of the community in the field of economy and trade .

Part of the EU countries decided to introduce a single currency for all, called the "euro."

The European Union is a full-fledged subject of internationalrights. He is empowered to conclude international treaties and to participate in international relations. A common security strategy for the member states of the European Union is to maintain a coordinated and approved foreign policy and support for defense measures. The EU Delegation operates in the United Nations. Generally the European Union is neither a separate state, nor an international organization. In a number of areas of activity, responsible decisions are made by individual states, often the consideration of issues takes place during negotiations between the member countries of the union.

Which countries are members of the European Union

Today, the EU includes twenty-eightstates. Their list, with the division of countries according to the years of entry into the union, looks like this: - 1957: Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg, Germany, France, Netherlands - 1973: Great Britain, Ireland, Denmark - 1981: Greece - 1986: Portugal, Spain - 1995: Sweden, Austria, Finland; - 2004: Cyprus, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Malta, Slovakia, Poland, Slovenia, Estonia, Czech Republic - 2007: Romania, Bulgaria - 2013: Croatia.In addition, candidates for EU membership in the Today are Turkey, Serbia, Macedonia, Iceland, Montenegro.

It should be noted that this list takes into account membership in the former European Economic Community.

From the initial six states, the union increased toThe current number of members through a sequential expansion. New countries joined on a contractual basis. At the same time, their sovereignty was restricted, and in exchange for that the state received representation in the structures of the union.

A bit of history

In the sources of 966 the city of Brussels was mentioned for the first time. "The city of the marshes" - so in the Flemish translation meant the word "bruxelle" at the time. It originated at the intersection of trade routes between Bruges and Cologne, as the center of the Spanish Holland. Then, under the reign of King Charles V, since 1530 Bruxelles became the main city of the Spanish "Lower Lands", which in the Flemish language sounded like Nideren Landen. Hence the modern name of the neighboring Netherlands. In antiquity, Belgium is the territory of the Southern Netherlands. Also known as Holland. This is a mistake that has come into widespread use since the time of Peter I. In fact, these are the two provinces, North and South Holland as part of the medieval united kingdom of Belgium and the Netherlands, where Peter the Great once stayed. Then, after returning to Russia, he and his The retinue was told exactly about these Holland.

Brussels today

The city is divided into lower and upper. Lower Brussels is a crowded labyrinth of medieval streets surrounding the Grand Place. In four quarters of this district are the most beautiful sights of the old city: the National Opera Theater, the famous fountain "Manneken Pis"; by legends, he saved the city from a fatal fire. Brupark, where the museum Mini Europe is located. A huge variety of different restaurants, surprising with a variety of gastronomic pleasures. The upper Brussels is a modern center of the country's business life with wide boulevards, squares and majestic buildings. Along with Luxembourg and French Strasbourg, this is the political center of the European community. Bruxelles is an international city where you can hear the speech in many languages ​​of the world. The inhabitants of the city speak French, Flemish, Walloon. But they can also be freely spoken in English and German.

Features of geography

The main border of Belgium fromAtlantic Ocean for 70 kilometers serves the North Sea. King Leopold II once said: "How can a country be small when it borders on the ocean?" Geographically, the country is divided into Low, Middle and Upper Belgium. Low Belgium is the Flemish lowland, dotted with hills with sandy ground, variegated Dams and drainage channels. These are lands that are under threat of flooding. Further - the Kempen landscape, consisting of cornfields and coniferous sparse forests. The middle regions of Belgium are the result of the urbanization of coastal lowlands and reclaimed territories near the ocean, the natural landscapes of Central Belgium are quite rare. This is a very fertile land with extensive arable land and meadows, between which are rural manors. High Belgium is more mountainous and is characterized by an abundance of forests. It is a less populated territory of the country. Agriculture is poorly developed here. All territories cross the river Schelda. On the south Belgium borders with France, in the north with the Netherlands, in the east with Germany and Luxembourg.