Tip 1: How to deal with a fire in high-rise buildings
Tip 1: How to deal with a fire in high-rise buildings
Save yourself and loved ones at fire - a priority in an emergency situation. Therefore, try to protect yourself already at a stage when there is still no threat. That is, entering any building, especially high-rise, remember the location of the entrance-exit, stairs, your route. If this is a public place, a shopping or office center, look around and fix it in the head where the fire safety corners are located.
Instructions
1
Hearing the cry "Fire!"Or if you smell smoke, and even more so when you see the flame, immediately call the rescue service on 01. From any mobile phone (including without a sim card and zero balance), you can call the Ministry of Emergency Situations by dialing 112.
2
If the smoke is not strong, you can breathe,Try to determine the source of burning - apartment, garbage collection, etc. If a hearth is found, you can try to extinguish it yourself. Assess your capabilities and strength. Onatmeasures, if the smoke comes from the cracks of the apartment door and is audible atCall for help, without waiting for firefighters, try to knock out the doors.
3
When there is no way to extinguish a fire, anyIn an accessible way, notify tenants of the danger. Do not panic. Try to get out of the building and help others to do it, use stair flights and fire escape balconies. On too smoky areas, hold your breath, atcovering his mouth and nose with a damp handkerchief. If atsquat or lie down on the floor, air for breathing will be more.
4
Remember, the flames and smoke in the stairwellHigh-rise buildings spread only in one direction - upwards. Therefore, if you go into the entrance of a multi-apartment building or into the corridor of an office building, you are in thick smoke, immediately return to the apartment or office and close the door tightly. Slots and ventilation holes should be covered with wet rags to prevent smoke penetration. It is not recommended to open the windows open - this will create traction and will strengthen the fire. However, you can go out onto the balcony, closing the door tightly behind you, and by all means atattract attention.
5
Stay calm, moderate the screaming andcovered with fear of people. Evaluate the situation, without panic, start moving towards the exit. Once in the crowd, skip ahead of the children and women. Keep the elderly under your arm.
6
Do not enter a room or corridor, where highconcentration of smoke. When building and repairing modern buildings, a large number of plastics and synthetics are used. When burning, they release toxic substances, several breaths of which atleads to inevitable poisoning and death.
7
Do not try to come down withupper floors along the outer wall, drainpipes, risers or using twisted sheets and ropes - falling without the absence of special skills is most often inevitable. Jump from the window skyscrapers, starting from the 3rd floor - not less dangerous. It can be deadly. If the jump is not avoided, try to reduce its height, atland on the roof of the car, canopy or flower garden. To soften the fall and stay alive, drop down mattresses, blankets, pillows or carpets.
Tip 2: How the Red Gate appeared in Moscow
In ancient times, the gates were attributed a specialmystical role. The passage through the arch symbolized the purification and the beginning of a new life. Served the gate and to celebrate the soldiers-winners. The first triumphal arches appeared in Russia at the beginning of the 17th century.
Instructions
1
The history of the capital's square Red Gatebegins in the XVIII century. It was in this place in 1709, by order of Peter the Great, that the wooden Triumphal Arch was built. Through it, Russian troops entered Moscow, who won the Northern War. For the extraordinary beauty of the Triumphal Gate the people called "Red", that is, beautiful.
2
In honor of the coronation of Catherine I, in 1724 the oldThe gates were broken and new ones were built in their place, also built of wood. They stood for eight years and burned down in the fire in 1732. The triumphal gates were restored only in 1742, by the day of the coronation of Elizabeth Petrovna. The motorcade of the Empress left the Kremlin and proceeded through them to the Lefortovo Palace.
3
In eighteenth-century wooden Moscow, oftenfires burned. In 1748, the Arc de Triomphe was again on fire. Five more years have passed and the architect Dmitry Ukhtomsky began to erect new gates made of stone. Work was conducted with unprecedented enthusiasm. Moscow hoped that Peter's daughter would free Russia from the power of the interim and hated ruler of Biron. Money for construction was collected by Moscow merchants.
4
Stone structure, located closer to the NewBasmannaya Street, repeated the ancient architecture of a wooden arch erected by the architects of Catherine. Ukhtomsky retained the shape of the old gate, but increased their height to 26 meters, added stucco. The walls were decorated with the arms of the provinces and drawings that glorified the Russian Empire.
5
The gates were decorated with eight gilded statues,personified Courage, Faithfulness, Abundance, Waking, Saving, Consistency, Mercury and Grace. At the top was a portrait of Empress Elizabeth, surrounded by a brilliant halo. The bronze figure of the Trumpeting Angel of Glory crowned the construction.
6
Since the middle of the 18th century, the gates have been officiallyare called the Reds. The legend connects this with the fact that through them he traveled to Krasnoye Selo. And in the XIX century the original white walls were painted in bright red color. In 1825, before the coronation of Nicholas I, the arch was restored. At the same time, the portrait of Elizabeth was replaced by a two-headed eagle. Later, the Red Gate was decorated with portraits of government members, and posters with a picture of Lenin hung on them.
7
Moscow developed, the arch began to interfere with the citymovement. Since the middle of the XIX century the authorities have repeatedly tried to demolish the Red Gate. In 1854, they were saved only thanks to the intervention of Baron Andrew Delvig. Trams appeared in the city and, despite the protests of the defenders of antiquity, one of the lines passed right through the archway. By the beginning of the 20th century, the gates began to collapse. Magnificent paintings were lost, stucco repulsed.
8
In the spring of 1926, the Red Gate was restored,The original white color was returned to the walls, and the emblem with the image of the two-headed eagle was removed, as an element of the autocracy. Statues of angels were also removed. Now they are in the Museum of the History of Moscow. In just a year the expansion of the Garden Ring began, and the Red Gate was demolished. The place where they stood was called the Red Gate Square. May 15, 1935 there was opened a metro station with the same name.
9
The second exit on the metro station "Krasnye Vorota" is locatedon the first floor of a high-rise building. In its place was once the home of Major-General Fyodor Tol, in which Mikhail Lermontov was born on October 3, 1814. The memory of the Red Gate was preserved in the interior of the ground lobby, made of red marble. The pavilion is made in the form of an arch and is located along the axis of the former Red Gate. The lobby project was designed by architect Nikolai Ladovsky.
10
In 1938 the project of the metro station Krasnye Vorota received the Grand Prix at the World Exhibition in Paris. Since 1962 the station was called Lermontovskaya. The historical name was returned to her in 1986.
