Tip 1: How to call the inhabitants of Minsk
Tip 1: How to call the inhabitants of Minsk
To date, Minsk is the largestcity of the Republic of Belarus. Its population is about two million people. Currently, there are several points of view about how to call its residents. We describe some of them.
Instructions
1
Formation of ethnorhhoronyms (names of residentscertain terrain) sometimes involves some difficulties, since it is not possible to form names from all toponyms. The very name of the capital of the Republic of Belarus initially causes a lot of questions among the guests of the city - as it is not clear what word should be used to refer to local residents. However, if you know the rules of the Russian language, you can easily form an ethno-moron from the word "Minsk".
2
In Russian there are several suffixesfor the formation of ethno-morphemes from the name of this or that city. Traditionally it is considered that for toponyms ending in -kk and -sk, suffixes -an- and -yank- are most often used. In particular, for a name ending in a combination of consonants -sk, the suffix -an- is typical. Words with this suffix often get -h-, and eventually the suffix takes the form of -channel.
3
We use the suffixal way of word formationregarding the name of the city of Minsk. After discarding the last two consonants, we attach the suffix to the basis of the noun, and we get the word "Minskers". Accordingly, the word denoting the inhabitant of Minsk will be the word "Minsk citizen", and the word denoting the resident is "Minsk woman".
4
There is a curious word "minchuk"at the same time it is also a surname having circulation in the western part of Belarus and the Rivne region of Ukraine, and an original ethnohoronim. Thus, if you use this word in the plural, you will get the word "minchuki". This noun can also be used to refer to the residents of the Belarusian capital.
Tip 2: How to name the city from the name of the city
In Russian there are different typesethnohoronim - the names of residents of localities and cities. Often it is difficult to form the correct name of a resident from the name of the city. For this you need to know the rules and patterns of the Russian language in such cases.
Instructions
1
Take into account some existing patternsword formation. For example, in the names of residents of cities that end in -o, the suffix -c- is most often present. For example, a resident of the city of Odintsovo will be called Odintsovo.
2
The names of cities ending in -kk and -sk,Ethnorhhoronyms with the suffix -chan- or -an- often breed. A vivid example: residents of the city of Minsk - Minsk citizens. However, there are exceptions to this rule. For example, a resident of Novosibirsk is a novosiberian, that is, in this case the required suffix is absent.
3
Ethno-morphemes of the inhabitants of the oldest citiesusually end in -ch (female in female). Everyone knows a well-known example: a Muscovite is a resident of Moscow. Perhaps the etymology of this type of ethnohoron has common roots with patronymics.
4
Also often there are names of inhabitants of cities,ending with -in. In this case, there is no clear pattern, it is known only that the names of cities that have become a source of such ethno-choronim, most often end in a consonant. Examples: Paris - Parisian, Kiev - Kiev.
5
Note that the names of some citiesethno-morphemes are not completely formed. For example, there is no special name for women living in Novosibirsk or in Voronezh. In other situations, on the contrary, it is possible and permissible to use several names of residents for one city. An example is the city of Rostov, whose inhabitants can be Rostovites or Rostovites.
6
There are cities whose names of inhabitantsare identical. Usually this is due to the similarity of the names of settlements. For example, a Rostovite can be called a resident of both Rostov and Rostov-on-Don.
Tip 3: Conversion as a way of word formation
Conversion is one of the waysword formation, in which so-called affixes: suffixes or prefixes are not involved. When a word is transferred from one part of speech to another, the form of a word is most often not transformed. For example, ice cream (adj.) - ice cream (n.). Conversion is present in almost all languages of the world and serves the purpose of enriching the language.
There are three types of conversion in Russian: substantivization, adjectivation and adverbialization. Substantivation is the transition of a word from the category of adjectives to nouns. Nouns have become adjectives such as - patient, clairvoyant, duty, etc. By adjectivation is understood the transition of words into the category of adjectives. As a rule, verbs and verb forms (participles) serve as a conversion base for the formation of such adjectives: pampered, trained, published, closed, etc. Adverbialization involves the transition of the word from other parts of speech to the category of adverbs. For example, the words "beautiful," "young," "healthy" can be either adjectives or adverbs, depending on the context and purpose of the utterance. It should be noted that in the conversion of a word, in their new meaning, the grammatical properties of one or another part speech, in which they were transformed. For example, the noun is "wounded." If you try to incline the word by word, it turns out - the wounded, the wounded, the wounded, the wounded, the wounded, the wounded. The same types of conversion are also present in French. Examples of substantivation are the words: le racem (past), le beau (beauty). Adverbialization has the following adjectives: parler haut / bas (speak loudly / quietly), sentir bon / mauvais (feel good / bad), aller droit / gauche (go to the right / left). Naturally, in most cases the participles of the French language become the object of adjectivation. For example, gisant (lying), dénué (deprived of something), etc. Conversion is a characteristic feature of the word formation of the English language. Some grammarians believe that the phenomenon of conversion in the English language arose because of the meager number of affixes. Others tend to assume that the conversion is due to the desire of the language to save. Why use the extensive toolkit of suffixes and prefixes when you can simply add the article to the noun and get a verb. For example, help is to help, foot is to foot, vodka to vodka. This way of word formation is called verbalization and is present in English along with other types of conversion, which have already been discussed above. Examples of substantivization can be found in abundance in English: a savage (savage / stranger), a relative (a relative), a private ( owner), a Russian (Russian), an American (American). These nouns became nouns due to the addition of the article to the adjective. This kind of conversion is called a partial conversion, because there is the addition of an additional element, which as an article. Partial conversion is peculiar to the formation of adverbs, and the formation of adjectives. For example, a dead man (blind), a blind woman (blind). This feature of the English language is explained by the fact that the use of adjectives without nouns is not allowed.
