In translation from ancient Greek "euthanasia"means "good death"; a death that brings relief. In many countries, the ethical issues of deliberate killing out of pity, the possibility of abuse of the right to euthanasia and medical error are discussed.
Instructions
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The term "euthanasia" does not in vain have Greek roots: Hellenic warriors finished their fatally wounded comrades on the battlefield in order to stop their suffering. The wounded man had to die with a smile on his lips - this was called "die like an Hellene." The practice of killing children with abnormalities in ancient Sparta is widely known. There is evidence of ethnographers about the custom of killing sick children and infirm elderly from the primitive peoples of Oceania and the Far North even in the 19th century.
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Currently, the passive and activeeuthanasia. Active euthanasia is the use of special drugs that lead to rapid painless death, passive - in refusing to fight for the salvation of the life of terminally ill.
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At the beginning of the 20th century, active euthanasiapracticed in some European countries. Nazi Germany, where the mass extermination of large groups of people began with the forced euthanasia of the mentally ill, has become a vivid example of how the right to easy death can be realized. As a result, euthanasia was banned in the entire civilized world. Again, the voluntary retirement for terminally ill patients experiencing severe suffering, was legalized in 1984 in the Netherlands. Then euthanasia was allowed throughout the Benelux.
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In 2002, the Netherlands adopted a law on theeuthanasia for children over 12 years of age, and in March 2014 in Belgium allowed easy death for children without age restriction. In the Netherlands, euthanasia was applied to 8 adolescents for the duration of the law.
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In Switzerland, euthanasia is allowed in the canton of Zurich,and here is the most liberal law in the world, regulating the issue of voluntary death. Due to this in Zurich, "suicidal tourism" thrives. Terminally ill people from all over the world go to Zurich clinics to get a lethal injection that will end their suffering.
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Euthanasia is allowed in 4 US states: Washington, Vermont, Georgia and Oregon. But in the state of Michigan was sentenced to life imprisonment and died in prison, the pathologist Gevorgyan, nicknamed "Doctor Death." He sent 130 people to the next world who applied to him with the corresponding request.
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At the same time in some countries legalizedpassive euthanasia. Comatose patients can be disconnected from life support devices at the will of the patients themselves, declared in advance, at the request of their relatives or by court order in the USA, Germany, Switzerland, Israel, Mexico, Sweden, the Benelux countries.
Tip 2: Where and why euthanasia is allowed
Euthanasia is the cessation of a person's life,who suffers from severe incurable diseases and experiences unbearable suffering from the continuation of life. This method is used only in some countries. In the Russian Federation, euthanasia is equated with willful killing and is punishable under Article 15, part 1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Euthanasia Passive euthanasia is a trippatient from the apparatus supporting his vital functions. Active euthanasia - the introduction of a person who suffers from an incurable disease, special drugs that help to die quickly and painlessly. In addition, voluntary euthanasia is carried out at the request of a seriously ill patient or in accordance with legal documents issued earlier, where a person ordered his life and volunteered to apply euthanasia if he falls into a coma and will not be able personally to ask for his killing. Involuntary euthanasia is carried out at the request of relatives if the patient is in a coma and the doctors' forecasts for recovery are the most unfavorable. Why allowed euthanasia With the help of modern medical technologies, methods of resuscitation and drugs can significantly prolong the life of a man who without the provision of modern medical care would have long died on his own. But what does life mean under apparatuses or potent medical products? This is the state of life that passes in eternal suffering, and the lack of hope for a subsequent life, in whatever form. In other words, this is life in the form of a plant. To be able to maintain life, you need a lot of financial costs, which are heavily burdened by the relatives of the patient. Moreover, everyone has the right to freedom of choice. But if the doctor helps the patient to die, then how is the Hippocratic oath? The oath of Hippocrates is a direct contradiction of the implementation of euthanasia. Where euthanasia of the Netherlands is permitted. This is the first country in which, in 1984, the Supreme Court recognized voluntary euthanasia as a perfectly acceptable way of passing out of life in order to end unbearable suffering. Belgium. Legalization of euthanasia in Belgium was carried out in 2002. Already in 2003, 200 deathly sick patients voluntarily passed away. In 2004, 360 patients were euthanized. USA. In 1994, euthanasia was allowed in Oregon, in November 2008 in Washington State. In March 2012, Georgia Nathan Deal signed a law banning euthanasia. Switzerland, Sweden, Luxembourg, Australia supported the idea of euthanasia and issued bills allowing patients to be disconnected from artificial life support devices or the introduction of drugs with the help of which the patient will leave the world painlessly. Germany. The federal court ruled that euthanasia is not associated with intentional killing and there are no contraindications for its conduct.
Tip 3: What is euthanasia
The term "euthanasia" is literally translated as"A good death." It is understood as the method allowed in many countries to die painlessly. So the doctors help the terminally ill people who are in terrible pain.
You can talk about euthanasia only if death was provoked intentionally. If they just let a person die in the last stages of an incurable disease, there is no question of euthanasia.
Types of euthanasia
The degree of voluntariness of this procedure varies. Euthanasia can be performed at the request of the patient himself, in which case the person has the intention to commit suicide with medical help. There is also involuntary euthanasia, when the patient can no longer express his own will. In the latter case, close relatives can give consent to killing. For example, a person is in a coma and connected to devices for artificial life support. In this case, euthanasia will be to stop the work of these devices. There are also active and passive euthanasia. Termination of life support activities is a passive form, the doctor simply stops helping the patient. The patient may refuse further medication, from the operation. In the case of active euthanasia, the doctor performs legal procedures that accelerate the onset of death. Such procedures can consist in the introduction of various drugs into the body. Also, active euthanasia will be an intentional overdose of anesthetics. There are cases when the last step is carried out by the patient's own hands. There are special devices that provoke the onset of death. They can run the patient with their own hands. Relation to euthanasia in society
Disputes about the acceptability of euthanasia do not stop,Especially active and involuntary euthanasia is condemned. The appropriateness of voluntary euthanasia is also questioned, since it is difficult to judge the sincerity of a patient's request. Exhausted by pain, he can not adequately make decisions. Opponents of euthanasia believe that human life is worth fighting even in the most hopeless cases. The doctor should not go on about the patient, because modern medicine has a wide arsenal of painkillers. There are many concerns about the legalization of euthanasia, because unscrupulous doctors will have ways to retreat. They can not make special efforts to save human life. Supporters of euthanasia consider it the best way out in many cases. They call for respect for the other's desire to find peace or not to lose face. For many people to depend completely on others even in the fulfillment of primitive needs is very humiliating. A compromise is the acceptability of euthanasia in absolutely hopeless cases.
