Tip 1: Why the right appeared

Culture and Society

Tip 1: Why the right appeared

There is no universal definition of law in science, but the general meaning of this term is clear to everyone. In the generalized form right can be represented as a certain set of certain norms that regulate social relations. Therefore, the causes of the emergence of the right must be sought in the very structure of society.

The process of the emergence and formation of lawpassed in close connection with the process of the emergence and formation of society itself. The formation of human thinking, the recognition of a person's own individuality and uniqueness, the accumulation of knowledge about the external and internal world - all this led to a significant complication in the structure of relations between people. And in order to regulate these relations, a new social mechanism was needed that has no analogues in the animal world. This mechanism has become right. It is believed that the predecessor of law wasmorality. In the modern view, morality is defined as the totality of norms and rules adopted in society and governing the actions of a person. People's awareness of the concepts of good, evil, conscience, honor, justice, duty, mercy and others markedly increased the viability of the whole society. It is at this period of history that we can say that the human society has ceased to be a flock. An important step was the realization of the main right of every person - the right to life, without which all other rights lose all meaning. But morality covered only the moral component of public life, being only one of the mechanisms of public control, but not of management. For effective management, the norms required not by the society, but by their leaders, were required. And the first sources for such norms were customs. By custom is understood the action, ingrained in society through repeated repetition. The first historically fixed form of custom was taboo. Taboo was a ban imposed by a priest and compulsory for the performance of any member of society. The first generally recognized taboo is the prohibition on incest, which has significantly improved the human gene pool. Leaders and priests possessed power, and, consequently, the ability to establish customs. The rule, first expressed in custom, then became the law. The further complication of the social structure caused the complication rightof the society. New public and private rightInstitutions, the evolution of which continues to this day. Having emerged as a means of regulating social and human relations, right became an integral part of the existence of society.

Council 2: Why the first states appeared

The modern world is entirely dividedbetween states, and it is already impossible to imagine a different state of affairs. However, this was not always the case, and even a few thousand years ago people could not even think that their lives would be subject not only to instincts and their own conclusions, but also to laws. Nevertheless, the process of the emergence of the first states was inevitable, as progress.

Instructions

Traditionally, the first states areEgypt and Sumer, appeared almost at the same time about 5 thousand years ago. In order to understand the reasons for their appearance, it is necessary to recall the historical path of human development. As you know, the very first way to organize people was a primitive communal system, where the oldest and most wise member of the community had the right to make decisions.

Development of productions, processing of metals ledto the appearance of surplus goods, which needed to be exchanged. Thus, there was interaction and interpenetration between the communities. Naturally, there were conflicts. To protect the militant groups from attacks, communities were forced to form larger formations.

The division of labor has led to differentiationsociety, property inequality. This, in turn, was the reason for the birth of the aristocracy, which for some or other reasons (wealth, military power, heredity, religiosity) increasingly stood out against the background of ordinary people, assuming the functions of governing society. Military leaders appear precisely from a rich aristocracy, since considerable funds were already needed to adequately support their army.

At the same time, a general meeting of members of the communitygradually losing its leading role in making meaningful decisions, delegating it to the advice of aristocrats. The first states did not accidentally originate in the valley of the Nile and Mesopotamia: the simplicity of processing large areas of fertile land, rich deposits of copper ore, mild climate made possible the final stratification of society by property. If we add to this a significant number of slaves used in the works, it becomes obvious that it is necessary to control such a mass of people, the vast majority of whom are dissatisfied with the current state of affairs and the distribution of benefits.

It was then that the priests, the rich nobility and military leadersrealized the importance of state power, as a result of which the first states appeared. Originally in Egypt there were several nomas - separate areas with their rulers, however, around 3120 BC, Pharaoh Men was able to conquer all the nomas, becoming the first ruler of Egypt and the founder of the first dynasty.

Tip 3: Why do they say about a drinking person "lays by the collar"

Russian phraseological units often surprise theirseeming illogicality. About the drunk they sometimes say "laid the collar", but where the collar is and why it is laid for it, it is unclear. To find out the meaning of this expression, one must thoroughly dig into history.

Why about a drinking person they say "pawns for a collar"

The most common myth

Very often the origin of the expression explainsa legend according to which during the Peter's times carpenters-carpenters relied on a free drink, and the evidence of this right was a brand on the neck. Ostensibly from here, the expression "laying by the collar", as the brand was just behind the collar, and the characteristic gesture indicating the drink - a flick of a finger on the neck. The story is original, but it's just a myth. Drunkenness in the times of Peter I in the master's environment was not only not encouraged, but also severely punished. There was a severe penalty for alcoholism - the offender had to wear a cast iron medal "For Drunkenness" on a heavy chain for several days in a row, weighed such a "reward" of the order of 10 kg. As a result of punishment, drunks had bruises on their necks, at the sight of which the innkeepers recognized their regular customers in advance. By the way, the custom to call the fans of booze "bruise" also went from there. As for the phrase "laying by the collar" - it has nothing to Peter the Great and his time.

Research V.V. Vinogradova

The winged expression "laying by the collar"appeared relatively recently, at the end of the 18th century. At first it had the appearance of "laying down a tie", "pouring over a tie", "skipping over a tie", sometimes, in a vulgar style, even "fuck for a tie." The expression came from the military environment, indirectly indicated by the word "lay" (usually lay a shell, a mine or something like that). According to the records of Prince PA. Vyazemsky, the author of phraseology was a certain Guards colonel named Rayevsky. He was noted for his sharp tongue and a certain inclination towards linguistics, so that many new words and expressions appeared in the Guards language. He just invented the phrase "skip for a tie", which meant "to drink superfluous." From the military officer's slang, the expression "to lay down for a tie" gradually shifted into a general conversation. True, unlike military lovers to drink, not all civilian drunkards wore ties, so the phrase was somewhat transformed. "Mortgaging" was "for the collar," since there was something, and the collars wore absolutely everything. Thus, the expression "to lay down the collar" in some way has its inventor - his name is known, and even the approximate time when they created this linguistic creation. From the military environment the phrase passed to the people, and there it was already adapted to a wider audience.