Tip 1: Why do I need obsolete words

Education

Tip 1: Why do I need obsolete words

Bridge, barber, commissar, clerk, policeman, arshin - do you know the exact meaning of these words? All of them belong to the category of so-called. obsolete words and came out of everyday life.

Philologists distinguish two types of obsolete words: historicisms and archaisms. Historicism includes the words, the concepts of which have disappeared in the modern world. Examples of historicism: veche, boyar. Archaisms are the words, which in the modern language found widespread synonyms. Examples of archaisms are the words Piite (poet), barber (hairdresser).Often, the line between historicism and archaism can only be made conditional. For example, the word roadway refers to both historicism (a street paved with a stone), and to archaisms (in our days we often use the synonym for the roadway). The problem is complicated by the fact that for grandmothers and great-grandmothers the value of the words pavement is unambiguously clear, but for children andadolescents, the same word already presents a certain complexity of perception. Together with the development of society and the state, the language also changes. Some of the concepts remain in the past. Do we need outdated the words in general? Obsolete the words are often used by poets and writers to recreate the atmosphere of the historical era. Reading Pushkin's poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila," we will have to look into the words(lob) and cheeks (cheeks): "His brow, his cheeks burn instantly with an instant flame". In the XVIII-XIX centuries, such the words were widespread. The oldest the words are also used to make ironicshade of statements: "Without preparing a homework, the pupil, lowering his eyes, stood before the stern gaze of the teacher." Many archaisms are still a decoration of the dialogues. No girl can resist before addressing her: "Gracious Majesty!". Outdated the words - part of our history and our past. These are linguistic evidence of historical development and of the movement to the future.

Tip 2: What are the synonyms for?

It would seem that the fewer words in the language, the easier it is to communicate. Why "think out" such different words to mean the same, in fact, an object or phenomenon, i.e. Synonyms? But with careful consideration of them it becomes clear that the synonyms carry a number of absolutely necessary functions.

Wealth of speech

In the writings of junior schoolchildren, it is often possibleto find a text about this: "The forest was very beautiful. There grew beautiful flowers and trees. It was such a beauty! ". It happens because the vocabulary of the child is still quite small, and he has not learned to use synonyms. In the speech of an adult person, especially written ones, such repetitions are considered a lexical mistake. Synonyms allow you to diversify speech, enrich it.

Shades of meaning

Each of the synonyms, although it expresses a similarmeaning, but gives it its own special connotation of meaning. So, in the synonymic series "unique - amazing - impressive" the word "amazing" means an object that causes surprise in the first place, "unique" - an object that is not similar to the rest, unique in its kind, and "impressive" - producing a strong impression, but this impression can be something different than a simple surprise, and also this object can be similar to those similar to it, i.e. not to be "unique".

Emotional-expressive coloring of speech

The synonymic series contains words havingDifferent expressive and emotional significance. So, "eyes" - the word neutral, denoting the organ of vision of a person; "Eyes" - a word belonging to the book style, also means the eyes, but, as a rule, large and beautiful. But the word "burqaly" also means big eyes, but not distinguished by beauty, rather ugly. This word carries a negative evaluation and belongs to the conversational style. Another colloquial word "zenki" also means ugly eyes, but small in size.

Refinement of the value

Most borrowed words havea synonym for analogy in the Russian language. They can be used to clarify the meaning of terms and other special words of foreign origin, which may be incomprehensible to a wide range of readers: "Preventive measures will be taken. preventive measures "

Comparison of similar values

Paradoxically, synonyms can expressand opposite shades of meaning. Thus, in Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, the phrase "Tatiana looks and does not see" occurs, and this is not perceived as a contradiction, because "looking" is "looking at a certain direction," and "seeing" is "perceiving and to comprehend what is before our eyes. " Similarly, the phrase "equal, but not identical," "not just thinking, but reflecting," etc., does not cause rejection.