Tip 1: Which language is better to learn: Italian or Spanish
Tip 1: Which language is better to learn: Italian or Spanish
Languages derived from Latin are consideredone of the most beautiful and harmonious, in addition, they seem simple to most European nations. Spanish and Italian are some of the most common languages that foreigners study, today there are many courses, textbooks and other materials for this. But even if you are going to master the speech of passionate inhabitants of the Mediterranean as a hobby, the question arises - which language is more profitable, more interesting, easier to learn?
Spanish
The Spanish language was formed on the basis of Latinin medieval Castile. It is believed that this is the most modern language in Latin, and the Italian, Portuguese and other representatives of the Romance group have more differences from their ancestors. The Spanish language is one of the most widespread in the world, it is spoken by about five hundred million people. This language is used in 57 countries of the world and almost on all continents: in both Americas, in Europe, in Africa and Indonesia. Even in many countries where Spanish is not a state language, it is widespread - in Brazil, for example, most students and diplomats speak it. Spanish is the official language of the UN, the EU, the African Union.Judging from this point of view, it is more profitable to study it compared to the Italian one, which has such a status only in the Latin Union and the EU and is much less prevalent.In terms of complexity, the Spanish language is almost notdiffers from Italian. It is well given to people who already know one of the Romance languages or English, having many borrowed from the Latin roots. There are several situations in which Spanish is clearly preferable to Italian. First, if the goal of learning a language is to use it in travel, then definitely you need to choose Spanish (if you are not going to stop in only one Italy). Owning Spanish, tourists can easily navigate in many countries around the world. Secondly, some people study a foreign language in order to understand songs, films and serials. To watch TV series, especially soap operas, Spanish is needed - Latin American series are distributed all over the world.
Italian language
The complexity of the Italian language can be compared withSpanish: they have a similar vocabulary, a similar grammar, but it is believed that the phonetics of Italian is more complex, although this is a subjective opinion. But the complex characteristic intonation, the opposition of long and multiple vowels, unusual to the Romance group, and other phonetic features make it relatively difficult to study by the Russians.But many believe that the Italian sounds more beautiful, romantic, more smooth, and the Spanish is rougher and harsh.Learn Italian can be advisedlovers of classical music, which is much closer to Italy than to Spain. When choosing a language for yourself, it is advisable to focus on your own tastes, on the proximity to a certain culture: for example, if you are close to flamenco dances, samba and tango, and you like to relax in the Canaries, then your choice is Spanish.
Tip 2: What is the most complex language of the world?
Often the most complex languages of the world are calledChinese, Russian, Bulgarian, although scientists are more inclined to the Basque language, since it has no kinship with others. And most linguists say that it makes no sense to find out which language is more difficult, since for different nations there are various difficulties in learning foreign dialects.
Linguists believe that it is impossible to unequivocally answerto the question of which language is the most difficult. The answer to it will depend on the native language, on the person's thinking, on other factors. For example, the Russian language, with its complex grammar and hard-spoken words, seems easy for other Slavic nations, but it is difficult for Englishmen or Americans.
Although neuroscientists can argue: they say that there are languages that even carriers, for example, Chinese or Arabic, are not well perceived.In addition, the language is a complex system consisting ofseveral parts, including writing or phonetics. There are languages with a complex phonetic structure, a multitude of different sounds, difficult-to-carry sound combinations, complex intonations and melodies. Other languages that are more simple in terms of sound may differ in a complicated and difficult to understand system of writing.
The most complex language in the world
This title is very controversial, but many scientistsadhere to the opinion that the most difficult language for studying by foreigners is Basque. It does not belong to any language family, that is, it is not related to any known group of languages, even the dead. That is, for a man of any nationality, he will be difficult to perceive. In the Guinness Book of Records, the most complex languages are the language of the Indian Haida tribe living in North America, the adverb of the Chippewa Indians, Eskimo, Chinese and Tabasaran, spoken by a group of people in Dagestan.The most complex languages in terms of writing
There is no doubt thatideographic writing is more difficult to perceive than phonetic: that is, it is more difficult to study a system of hieroglyphs or ideograms denoting different concepts than an alphabet consisting of a certain number of signs that correspond to sounds. From this point of view, one of the most complex languages can be called Japanese: its writing is not just hieroglyphic, it also consists of three systems, two of which are phonetic. That is, we have to learn a huge set of hieroglyphs borrowed from the Chinese language (but unlike the Chinese, the Japanese did not bother to simplify the writing of complex ancient signs), and the syllabic katakana and hiragana, and in addition, it is necessary to determine in which cases what letter is required use.Chinese also has a hieroglyphic letter, so it creates certain difficulties for students.
The most complex languages in terms of phonetics
By sounding Japanese, on the contrary, it is impossiblecall it difficult: it consists of a set of syllables that are very similar in pronunciation to Russian sounds, although they may present certain difficulties for other foreigners. The Chinese language is more complicated: it uses sounds that do not exist in many other languages of the world. In terms of pronunciation, Russian is also considered difficult: some sounds "p" and "s" are worth a lot. But linguists call the most difficult language in phonetics, Marby - the dead dialect of one equatorial island nation, in which sibilant, growling sounds, bird twitter and even snapping of fingers were used.Tip 3: Which language is closest to Russian
Before finding a modern form, the Russian language has gone a long way of its development. The closest to him are at once two languages - Ukrainian and Belarusian.
Instructions
1
Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages areto the East Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family. This means that in the distant past many European languages had a common Indo-European proto-language. Using a comparative-historical method, scientists compared modern languages, defined common features and differences, and reconstructed the language-basis.
2
According to research, once verylong English, German, Russian, Ukrainian and many other languages were one language. But in connection with the migration of ancient tribes, the language changed, acquired new features of pronunciation and grammatical structure, new lexical units, and later - new rules for writing. Thus, approximately in VII-VIII centuries. the Old Russian language was formed, which is the "father" of Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages.
3
In the course of historical development, the Old Russianthe nationality was divided into three close nationalities: Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian, which began to develop independently. But, despite the division, all the Eastern Slavic languages retained common features.
4
First of all, it should be noted that a significantpart of the lexical fund is common. In addition to the Proto-Slavic words, common borrowings from the Turkic, Finno-Ugrian, Baltic, Iranian, Germanic, Caucasian and other languages are also found. For the Russian language, borrowings from French, German and English are more characteristic. In the Ukrainian and Belarusian languages there is a significant influence of the Polish vocabulary.
5
In phonetics there are also a number of features,distinguishing Eastern Slavic languages from other Indo-European languages. The pre-Slavonic letters * or, * ol, * er, * el were transformed into intervocal combinations-oro, -olo-, -ere-, -elo-. The combinations of * tj, * dj evolved into consonants h, j, g. Sound l was formed from combinations of labial consonants with j. Also a common feature for the East Slavic languages is the reduction, that is, the fallout, the vowels b and b and their transformation into o and e in strong positions.
6
The grammatical community of Russian, Belarusian andUkrainian languages is their synthetic, or inflectional, structure. This means that grammatical links between words are expressed to a greater extent by means of endings (inflections). This difference can be traced in comparison with the Germanic group of languages, which include German and English. These languages are analytical, that is, in which the creation of grammatical links predominates with the help of prepositions.
Tip 4: How to learn a foreign language by self-tutor
To study a foreign language, of course, is better wherethere is a suitable language environment - for example, in courses. Unfortunately, not everyone has such an opportunity. But you can begin to learn the language and self-taught, and create a communication environment with the current level of development of communication technologies will not be a problem.
You will need
- - Tutorial of a foreign language;
- - A computer with a player that has a recording function;
- - books in a foreign language (adapted and unadapted);
- - Dictionaries (foreign-Russian, Russian-foreign and explanatory);
- - audiobooks;
- - Movies with and without subtitles;
- - computer with Internet access.
Instructions
1
Start by choosing a self-study guide. The usual "paper" book, no matter how well it was written, is not effective enough. It is better to choose an electronic self-instruction manual, where there is grammar, and phonetics (including pronunciation control), and much more. Of course, if you are going to learn some exotic language, you probably will not find a full-fledged self-instruction manual. I'll have to be content with what you can get. But for such popular languages as English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Polish and some others, it is quite possible to find a good self-instruction manual. Very useful may be additional benefits, such as a grammar guide, tables of declensions or conjugations, etc. But all this can be bought as needed.
2
Read the foreword. In many self-instruction manuals it is in this part that tells how to use this manual.
3
Typically, the self-instruction manual is divided into several parts, andEach part, in turn, for several lessons. Start with the first lesson. Try to perform all tasks, including grammar ones, as accurately as possible. Very well, if the manual has control over the pronunciation - with the help of this function you will be taught from the very beginning to speak and read correctly. In some electronic textbooks there is also a grammatical control. Only after you have mastered the material, proceed to the next lesson.
4
At some point, you might think thatlearning the language becomes boring. Be persistent and work out a little more to master the language to the point where you can read books adapted by the method of Ilya Frank. This is a method of adaptation, when the translation of difficult words is given directly in the text, which allows the student to remember them without stopping from the plot.
5
Try to study every day, evenyou can allocate for this only a quarter of an hour. This will be more effective than many hours of training with long breaks. From the very first lessons you need to use additional materials. For example, listen to broadcasts. At first you will not understand anything, foreign speech will seem a stream of meaningless sounds. But in a few days you will begin to distinguish individual words, and then phrases. From this moment, you can start watching movies in a foreign language - first with subtitles, and then without them.
6
An important role is played by training in the recruitment of texts. Each task try to reprint on the computer, even if there is no grammatical control. This will allow you to further freely communicate in foreign forums and social networks. In addition, the material, passing through different analyzers, is better remembered, that is, in this case your assistants will not only memory and eyes, but fingers.
Tip 5: How to learn Spanish yourself
Spanish language is one of the most common in the world,because it is spoken by the vast majority of the inhabitants of Latin and South America. Many would like to learn it on their own. To do this, it is important to learn how to use electronic resources and make a plan for learning the language.
You will need
- - a computer;
- - the Internet;
- - writing accessories;
- - 2 notebooks;
- - Headphones.
Instructions
1
Set precise goals. Well think about why you learn Spanish. If this is necessary for the development of memory and attention (or because of curiosity), then you should not make an hourly schedule for its development. But if it concerns the shortened terms, which remain before the interview or internship, the rate of development will be quite different.
2
Be always in a positive mood. It is important to always have only a winning attitude, otherwise studying the language can turn into hard labor. For this reason, many people abandon this business. Try to be emotionally captured by the process itself. Do not get attached to the result at first.
3
Find a Spanish language tutorial. On the site hispanitas.ru you will find absolutely everything you need to independently learn the language for your task. It also includes colloquial courses, and guides for tourists, and self-tutorials for a quick "entry into the language." This will be your basic material for mastering grammar and vocabulary. Do exercises from the self-teacher each laziness approximately for 1-1,5 hours. Read the theory, and then immediately perform practical tasks in the notebook.
4
Choose quality material for listening. You can do it on the same resource. Listen to Spanish every day for 2-2.5 hours. This will help you in the future to react quickly during a real conversation. In addition, using this method, you will be immersed in an artificial language environment, which will speed up the learning process of the Spanish language.
5
Start a notebook to write new words. Once you meet a new Spanish word from a self-tutorial or another source, immediately write it down in the notebook. Opposite him, write a translation and from above - transcription, if necessary. Repeat the new vocabulary every evening and every morning. At the end of the week, ask someone from friends or relatives to check you. Let you speak the word in Russian. You must give the equivalent in Spanish. This method will allow you to quickly lexical minimum for communication.
6
Begin as soon as possible to communicate with carriersthe Spanish language. As soon as you learn enough words, master grammar and learn to perceive speech by ear, then you will be able to express yourself in simple phrases with Hispanic people. Do this by talking on Skype or in social networks. Practice as often as possible. Then success will not keep you waiting.
Tip 6: Choose a second language
Knowledge of English became almost mandatorynot only for business or career, it is now difficult to find a person who can not connect a pair of words in Shakespeare's language. For study and travel, new acquaintances and watching your favorite films in the original - reasons to learn the English mass. The situation with the second language is more complicated.
Many choose to learn Spanish orFrench and this is fully justified. Languages are common, having a basic English to learn them is easy, and in the summary one more line is added, making you a head taller than many. However, there is another way to raise your standard of living to unprecedented heights - to learn a rare language. Experts who know how to correctly formulate a business proposal in Arabic or Hindi, employers are looking for "a day with fire." If you have minimal linguistic abilities, some free time and a considerable percentage of diligence, pay attention to languages that gradually conquer the world.Chinese. First place in the ranking. China conquers the world in all areas - industry, finance, medicine, agriculture. It is difficult to find an industry where the Chinese do not do business. They are everywhere and you need to be able to communicate with them. From the very beginning it is necessary to understand that the European will be able to know Chinese at a high level only after many years of daily training and better with immersion in the language environment. The study of Chinese requires an average of twice as long as for studying any European language. But for mastering simple conversational speech, enough lessons during the year at high intensity, that is, you have to work every day. In order to learn how to read simple texts, it is enough to know no more than a thousand hieroglyphs. Independently to study this language does not make sense, it is necessary to have employment with the native speaker. It is important that your teacher is fluent in the official language of the country - Putonghua. In China, there are more than a thousand dialects and only what needs to be understood is clear to everyone.Arab. It is spoken by 240 million people in allworld. It is not so difficult to learn as other Eastern languages. The Arabic language is logical, has only three times (present, past and future), words are read as they are written, and phrases are built according to certain rules, in which there are no exceptions. Many are afraid of the Arabian ligature and the need to write from right to left. But the Arabian ligature - it is connected together only 28 letters, and to read and write "on the contrary" usually get used in 5-10 sessions. In order to begin to communicate freely at a household level, enough vocabulary in 2000 words, as much as you need to study special topics, for example, financial. With daily classes passable to speak and read you will start months after six.Italian. The easiest to learn, especially easyis given if you study second after English. A lot of Italian companies have their branches in Eastern Europe. Architecture, design, fashion, finance - in these industries, the share of cooperation with Italian companies is traditionally high. Even if the job description does not specify a requirement for knowledge of the language, it will still be needed in the process of work, to everyone who cooperates with Italian enterprises.
Tip 7: Which language is the easiest to learn?
Learning a new foreign language can turn into a difficult occupation. However, if you choose a language that has many analogies with your native language or with a foreign language already known, you can make it easier for yourself.
Factors influencing language learning
Learning a foreign language is enoughindividual process, so the notion of the complexity of learning a language - a thing quite subjective. There are several factors that can affect how easy it is to learn a foreign language. First, the similarity of a foreign language with native or other languages you know. Secondly, the structure of the language. Thirdly, the availability of time and resources for learning the language.Difficult to learn languages
Undoubtedly, one of the most difficult to studylanguages are Asian languages such as Chinese, Japanese, Korean. Arabic is also considered very difficult to learn. On the one hand, the difficulty lies in the fact that in these languages there is a completely different writing system, which is fundamentally different from ours. So Chinese and Japanese use hieroglyphics, and it takes a lot of time to study them. There may also be problems with pronunciation and understanding by ear, since there are sounds in these languages that are difficult and unusual for a Russian-speaking person. Among the most difficult languages are also Finnish, Hungarian and Icelandic.European languages
Relatively easy to learn are EuropeanLanguages like English, German, Spanish, French, Italian. Many European languages use Latin letters, so knowing one European language, you can quickly learn another. It should be noted that among the European languages Spanish is considered one of the easiest to learn, since the language has a fairly easy grammar and pronunciation. There is also an artificial language - Esperanto, which is also quite easy to learn, since it is very logical unlike many natural languages.The Easiest Languages
It is easiest to learn foreign languages that haveMany similarities with your native language. If the Russian language is your native language, then the easiest way to learn languages that have many analogies with the Russian. It can be such languages as Belarusian, Croatian, Ukrainian, as well as Polish, Czech and all other Slavic and Balto-Slavic languages. These languages will be easy to learn, since grammatical rules are similar to the rules in Russian, they also have many similar words. Speak and perceive by ear these languages will not be difficult.Tip 8: Which language to teach the child
Today the popularity of teaching foreign languagesgrows every year. In most schools, not one but at least two languages are being studied. In addition, there are many different courses and schools of foreign languages. At the same time, parents often have a question: which language should the child be taught?
English is the main language of international communication.
As the first foreign language already onFor a long time the most relevant is English. It is considered the main language of international communication. In English meetings of heads of states, various international negotiations, scientific symposia and conferences are held. Also English is the official language of the Olympic Games and other international competitions. More difficult is the question: which language should be studied as a second language? There are various options available.Advantages of other foreign languages
Spanish is also one of the mostwidespread in the world, in particular - in most countries of Latin America. In addition, it is one of the most normative languages, which makes its study fairly simple and accessible. A child who has mastered Spanish can subsequently easily master the similar languages of the Romance group: French, Italian, Portuguese. In addition, there are not many people studying Spanish in Russia, so a person who owns it will always be in demand. Although the fashion in French has long been a thing of the past, studying it can also be useful. Many international ceremonies are held in parallel in French and English. In addition, French is the international language of art, fashion and style, and, finally, it is just very beautiful and euphonious. Another language of art is, of course, Italian. He is handsome, like French, and normative and quite simple in learning, like Spanish. In addition, Italian is the language of fashion, cuisine and cars. Until recently, the most popular foreign language after English was German. Today, he has lost some of his positions. However, it should not be forgotten that German is the international language of technology and new technologies. In recent years, the study of the Chinese language is increasingly promising. This is dictated by the rapid growth of China's economy and a huge number of people who speak Chinese. To conduct international business, employees who speak Chinese are increasingly required. However, for study, Chinese is one of the most complex languages. Starting to learn foreign languages, unquestionably, follows from English, because knowing English is one of the requirements of the time. As for the choice of a second language, the interests and inclinations of the child should be taken into account here. Romantic natures, who love drawing or music, are more suitable for French or Italian. If the child is inclined to exact sciences and, in the long term, can engage in technology - he should learn German. If parents want to see their child as a diplomat or an expert in international tourism, Spanish is more suitable. And for the future successful businessman, China can become the most promising. In any case, one should not give up the opportunity to study the second, and, possibly, the third and subsequent languages, because acquaintance with each of them enriches the inner world and reveals new opportunities for the person.Tip 9: How to quickly learn Spanish
Spanish language for today it is quite common. In addition to native Spain, it is spoken in 18 countries of Latin America, and in the United States many people study at school and university.
You will need
- - Russian-Spanish dictionary;
- - books and films in Spanish;
- - a directory of Spanish verbs.
Instructions
1
To quickly learn Spanish language, it is best, of course, to live some time in Spain. If this is not the case, combine classes with languageNew courses with independent daily education. So you get the necessary direction in your studies and the opportunity to practice spoken language among the other members of the group.
2
Get a directory of Spanish verbs and be sure to learn all their numerous forms and times. They are the basis of the grammar of Spanish languageand, having mastered them, you will be much easier to speak on this languageE.
3
Teach as many words as possible and apply them topractice. Every day, make up a list of new words and expressions and memorize them. When learning new words, do not forget to repeat and already familiar. And even better - always insert them into spoken language, even if only in Russian. This will allow them to learn for a long time.
4
Having mastered the basics of Spanish languagebut, start reading books on it. Select for the beginning something easy and adapted, gradually complicating the texts and increasing the number of pages read. Do not try to find every unfamiliar word in the dictionary, just try to catch the essence.
5
Watch movies with Russian subtitles. This will teach you to understand the original Spanish speech. Only at viewing it is necessary to be extremely attentive and concentrated to hear separate words and to manage to catch sense.
6
Speak Spanish at every opportunity. Visiting languageNew courses, always try to ask questions and participate in any discussions only on this languagee. In addition, you can make friends on the Internet with Spanish speakers, correspond with them or call up via Skype.
7
Do not quit studying languagebut with the first difficulties. From the very beginning, you should tune in to what will be very difficult for you, because you want to learn someone else's language for a short time. Remember that only daily hard work will help to cope with this.
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