Tip 1: What is the contract form of training and budget

Education

Tip 1: What is the contract form of training and budget

A citizen of Russia has several waysto get higher education. The basic forms are two - budgetary and contractual. The main difference is who pays for the training. It can be the state or the student himself. There are intermediate forms, when the training of specialists of the desired profile is financed by a particular industry or a specific enterprise.

The entrant can choose the form of training

Budgetary form

Every Russian citizen who has a general secondaryeducation, can once get a higher or secondary special education on a budgetary basis in a state university. This means that the state pays for the student's education. A student is paid a scholarship for "good" and "excellent". Anyone who has only a "five" in his student's record book can count on an increased scholarship. Budget seats are also available in some non-state universities, but they are usually very few. They enter the budget department usually on a competitive basis, after passing the unified state examinations on the list approved by the higher educational institution and posted on the official website. Some higher education institutions are given the right to conduct additional entrance examinations - for example, an interview or a creative contest.

With a budgetary department, a student can beDeducted for academic debt. You can recover, but the procedure in most cases is paid, and you can continue training only on a contract basis.

Contract form

With the contract form, the student pays for trainingitself. He enters a higher educational institution on a competitive basis, but also concludes a bilateral agreement with the university or college. In the contract, among other things, the amount and terms of payment are indicated. The fee can be paid immediately for a semester or monthly, it is determined by the university. A student can be expelled not only for academic debt, but also for non-payment.

The amount of payment can be changed, and more often upwards.

State order in education

In recent years, Russia is increasingly practicingsystem of state order in education. This is also a contract form of training, but not a student pays, but an enterprise that needs a specialist of a particular profile. A tripartite agreement is concluded between a student, a higher educational institution and an enterprise. In addition to paying for the training of a specialist, the company can provide the student and some social services - to pay for living in a hostel, travel to the place of training and back, and to increase the scholarship. The enterprise also provides an opportunity to practice where the person will work. A student is required to work for a few years after graduating from a university. If he is expelled, he must reimburse the enterprise for the costs. Admission to higher and secondary special institutions is also carried out on a competitive basis.

Mixed forms

In small communities,partially paid form of training. For example, the university opens a branch, rents a room, invites teachers. Students admitted to the budget office do not pay for tuition, but the rest of the costs are borne by them, that is, they contribute money for renting a room and paying for utilities. In any case, this is much cheaper than training on a contract basis.

Council 2: What is training on a budgetary basis

The essence of training on a budgetary basis isin that the state pays for students. For today, every person has the right to participate in the competition for free places, of course, if he receives his first higher education.

How to get a budget place

However, it is not so easy to get such a place,given that each year their number is rapidly declining. First of all, the entrant should show himself well in a single state testing, which results in enrolling in the desired educational institutions. Superfluous there will be no prize-winning places on city Olympiads on subjects which will dominate in your trade. Undoubtedly, the state took care of people who, due to certain circumstances, can not enter the institute on general grounds. We are talking about disabled children, they are provided with privileges for admission to higher education institutions. Also, an applicant can go to a so-called deal with an organization that will pay for his education. As a result, the future specialist will have to work out a certain period in this organization, most often about five years. If a person violates these obligations, the contract with the organization will be terminated and he will have to pay for his studies from his own pocket. This type of training is called targeted. The number of targeted places is also limited.

Advantages of training on a budgetary basis

Students who study at the expense of the budget havethe right to receive a scholarship. This is a kind of encouragement for diligent studies. It is received by those students who regularly attend all classes and pass exams at a mark not lower than four on a five-point scale. Those students who come from afar can also qualify for a place in the hostel, which consists of an educational institution, for this the student needs to have a nonresident registration. For excellent results, the student can be awarded a voucher to a sanatorium or a student camp. This is the responsibility of the trade union committee established by the educational institution.

Where there are budget places

To hold a competition for free education hasthe right is not only a state educational institution, but recently many commercial institutions have such an opportunity, but all of them must be accredited and licensed. In every major city there are state universities or institutes. If you do not pass the USE points on a budget place for a specialty in one city, then you can always try to file documents in another. The number of required points can be very different.

Tip 3: How to buy a contract engine

Now more and more car ownersresort to the services of companies - suppliers of contract engines. In these units, operation outside of Russia is attracted, work only on high-quality combustible-lubricating materials and maintenance only in service centers, which undoubtedly increases their resource.

Instructions

The issue of purchasing a contractualengine has a number of subtleties, the focus on which will be the key to successful acquisition. When buying a contract engine, make sure that the supplier has a good reputation and can rely on it. Do not pursue cheap offers coming from private individuals, because you risk losing the money invested in the purchase, trying in vain to prove that the purchased unit is defective.

Inform the supplier of the correct details of yourcar: model, make, body number, year of manufacture, engine number, VIN code for European cars. Ask the supplier to provide you with a photo of the contract engine you purchase, so you can compare the device when ordering and receiving it.

Be sure to find out what kind of warranty the supplier provides for this engine and from what time comes the period of its operation. It is also important to find out all about the conditions of installation and operation of the device.

At the same supplier, buy an oil filter andengine oil. In this case, when the unit is out of order, the supplier will not be able to file any claims regarding the use of low-quality consumables.

Find out which documents are attached to thedevice. With the contract engine must go the state customs declaration and the contract of sale. The absence of these documents indicates that this engine has already been operated on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Find out all about the presence of mounted on the engineaggregates. As a rule, it has a generator, a starter, a hydraulic booster, a trampler, an air conditioning compressor, an exhaust and an intake manifold. The absence of these gives you an excuse to resort to bidding when buying a contract engine.

Payment on the receipt or at the checkout, as the fact of payment, made by transferring funds to a plastic card, is difficult to prove.

Demand from the supplier that the unit is wrapped in a film so that when the delivery is carried out, not a single element is removed, engine was in a wooden crate, before sending, an engine inventory was made, and the documents were transferred to the company carrying out the transportation.

When you receive the unit, check the integrity of the film, the crates and the availability of the necessary documents.

Tip 4: What is Higher Education

The availability of education in the modern world has becomesomething like a criterion of the person and the person as such. A person without education has virtually no chance to build his life normally. Higher education in most countries is mandatory for people who want to achieve something meaningful in life.

Higher education is the highest level of educationprofessional or secondary. You can get a higher education by graduating from an institute or university (applicable for Russia, in other countries the system of higher education institutions is about the same, but the names may sometimes differ). Training takes place in 4-5 levels for most specialties, at the end of the university graduates become specialists (5 years of study) or bachelors (4 years). In Russia, at the moment, the training of specialists has been stopped. There remained only a 4-year system of training - bachelor's degree (nevertheless, students who started training on the specialty will be graduated by specialists), after which students can continue their studies in the magistracy (the students-specialists can also enter the magistracy). To receive higher education in some specialties, for example medical, training can be up to 9 years. Exceptions include higher education institutions that prepare people for service in internal bodies, after graduation, the graduate is awarded a military rank, rather than a degree of a specialist or a bachelor (exception - legal specialties). Education in higher education in most specialties can be full-time and correspondence. There is also a full-time, free and evening form of training, as well as a form of external studies. In some countries, there is also a division of students in the form and objectives of education, in accordance with which they can be called regular, free, conditional, random, etc. Higher education, although it is recommended, but, unlike the general (secondary) not necessary. Most specialties in universities have budgetary places for training (free training) and commercial (for a fee in a year or month). The distribution of students to one form or another is based on the results of the entrance examinations (in Russia, following the results of the USE). Students with the highest scores for the exam come to the budget.