What are the ways of word formation in Russian?
What are the ways of word formation in Russian?
Word formation is a section of linguistics,studying ways of forming words. Traditionally, this section is beginning to be studied at school. The knowledge gained during the school curriculum development makes it possible to easily form new words that are actively used in everyday communication.
Pre-school education
This way of word formation isadding the word prefix (prefix) to the producing basis. For example: "run - run", "friend - enemy", "grandson - great-grandson", etc. It is important that with this word-formation method the word does not change parts of speech. That is, only a noun can be formed from a noun, from a verb only a verb, etc. Joining a prefix to a word can change the semantics of a word. Everyone understands the difference between the verbs "go away" and "come", "move" and "reach". The suffixal way of word formation
The suffixal way of word formation is realizedby adding to the stem the word suffix. For example: "Teach - Teacher", "White - Whiten", "Academy - Academician", "Snow - Snow", "Claim - Statement", etc. In colloquial practice, most often when forming words, suffixes "-tel-" "-n-", "-k-", "tion-", "-nik-". Non-suffix way of word formation
This way of word formation is less common,than suffix. Used to form only nouns. In the Russian language, a significant number of words formed from the stem of the word with the help of the zero suffix. For example: "enter - entrance", "run - run", "blue - blue", etc. When the noun is formed from the adjective, the final consonant and the stress of the word change. If the word is formed from the verb, then the basis of this verb does not change. Sometimes a suffixal mode of education is called flexion. Addition
The addition of two-word bases is used whenword formation is infrequent. Fundamentalization allows you to create new complex and complex words. Complex words are formed by adding the complete bases with the help of connecting vowels "o" and "e". For example: "forest-steppe", "research", "water pipe", etc. Complex words are formed by adding truncated bases. The most productive in this way of word formation is the formation of masculine nouns. Truncation
If the producing basis of the word is truncatedabbreviation principle, we get a shortened word. Such words are rarely perceived by the native speaker as abbreviated and actively used in speech. For example: "specialist - special", "deputy - deputy", "manager - head", etc. Abbreviation
The abbreviation combines all typescomplex and reduced ways of education. The basis of the word is truncated to the minimum formant, and then these bases are added. For example: the university, the USSR, Moscow State University, etc. In everyday speech, mixed word-formation methods are often used to help make speech more diverse and rich.
