Tip 1: How to measure the height of the heel
Tip 1: How to measure the height of the heel
Even if you wear high-heeled shoesit is impossible on medical indicators, the fair sex members tend to raise the foot at least three or four centimeters. And this is understandable, after all, elegant shoes on the studs visually stretch the leg, making it slim and more attractive. But the simple question of how to measure Height heel, to answer, it turns out, is not easy.
Instructions
1
The easiest way to determine Height heel on children's or men's shoes. For children, shoes or shoes with a small even heel are sewn - this allows the child's foot to form correctly. The permissible height of this shoe part is up to 5 centimeters. To decide whether or not a pair of shoes fit your child, take an ordinary ruler, a triangle or a centimeter tape and simply measure the heel perpendicular to the heel line, from its horizontal reference surface to the sole.
2
Average men's shoes are also made ona low, flat heel, usually no higher than 1.5 - 2 centimeters, if it is a separate heel, and not cast along with the sole. If the sole and heel are a single whole, then measure it Height should be given the thickness of the sole. This is especially true for warm winter boots. You can measure it in the same way as in the first case - with a ruler - from the horizontal support part to the attachment point of the top of the shoe. But keep in mind that if the thickness of the sole is large, then the heel, in fact, has a smaller Height, than it will show you the divisions on the measuring instrument.
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Identify Height heel on women's shoes is most difficult. Pay attention to the form heel and its dependence on height. If the height heel on your shoes or boots less than 6centimeters, it is considered low, and if above 9 centimeters - then high. The higher the heel, the more beveled its upper part. This will directly affect your measurements.
4
Most often height heel is defined as follows: from the horizontal plane of the heel to the top of the heel rounding. The result will be more or less accurate in the event that you have a low or medium heel.
5
If the heel is high, you can more accurately measure its value as follows: from the reference plane to the middle of the heel. Ruler or centimeter while installing not behind heel, but on the side.
6
Try also to measure Height heel the way shoe makers do it. To do this, install a shoe on a flat and smooth horizontal surface. Under her sock, slip the index finger of the hand (its first phalanx) - if the height heel visually less than 5 cm, or some objectheight 8 mm, if the heel part is raised above 5 cm, and then measure the distance from the rear rounding of the heel to the horizontal reference surface with a special angle.
7
When measuring altitude heel be sure to consider the sole. Many designers design a sole under the fingers of a thickness of at least 2-3 cm, which allows you to lift a person's foot on this Height and make it higher. Heel in such shoes, for example, can reach Height 11 cm, if measured from floor to heel, but actually the heel above the level of the foot will be raised only by 8-9 cm.
8
When buying shoes in addition to measuring the height heel you have to determine how comfortable and high is the shoe. And remember that everything is fine - in moderation. A high heel is fine; but the higher it is, the worse the woman's legs are.
Tip 2: How to measure the heel
On heels the girl feels like a queen, to whomriveted a lot of looks, full of admiration. But high heels are not only beautiful, but also dangerous for health. But before you throw out your hairpins, you need to measure the length of the heel, perhaps they are not as dangerous as they seem at first glance.
Instructions
1
Heel height is measured from the support planeknotted surface to the top point of the calcaneal rounding. It is best to use a sartorial centimeter. It is good for this purpose. A centimeter, unlike a ruler, is not made of plastic or wood, so it can easily take the shape of your heel. Attach a centimeter to the top of the heel and stretch it to the heel, more precisely to its base. The result is the real height of the heels on which you walk. Do not measure on weight, otherwise it may lead to inaccurate results.
2
Do not use the ruler. In this, of course, there is nothing terrible, but the exact result from such a measurement is not expected. The ruler can not flex in shape and inclination of the heel, which leads to errors. If you decide to still make the measurements in a hurry, then as a result, an error of 1-2 cm can be made. The ruler is not able to bend over the shape of the heel.
3
In case you were not at handa tailor's centimeter, it does not mean that you do not know the height of your heels. Another way is to use the thread. It is necessary to take the thread, attach it to the heel, and then, tightening it, stretch it to the base of the heel. After measurement, continue to hold the thread in the places you measured, the main thing is to ensure that the fingers do not lose the measured distance, which can lead to an error. Attach the resulting piece of your thread to the ruler and you will get the same measurement that you could get using a tailor's centimeter.
4
But no matter how high your heels are,the main thing do not forget about your health. Heels give a big load on the spine, as well as are the primary sources of varicose veins in women. Safe height of the heel is considered to be no more than 5 cm high.
Tip 3: How to measure altitude above sea level
Often in mountainous areas one has to fall intoconditions of poor visibility. This is fraught with the fact that you can thoroughly lose your way and walk away from settlements. Sometimes it is sometimes difficult to determine exactly where to go. It is always worth remembering that in this case the most important thing is not to go astray. This will save your life. Since the distance and direction in the mountains are the key to determining the exact altitude of the terrain, it is worthwhile to know the possibility of measuring altitude above the level sea in any locality. For this purpose there is a special device - an altimeter.
You will need
- Altimeter.
Instructions
1
Set the altimeter to the start mode. The first thing you should do is set the value of atmospheric pressure. The initial reading starts with the pressure that can be with a probability of 99% during the time period in which the measurement is carried out. As a rule (depending on the weather conditions), this value ranges from 950 to 1050 millibar.
2
Calibrate the sensor before taking the measurement. To do this, you should pay attention to the button with the arrow pointing upwards. This will help to accurately determine the data that you need. Using prompts when you turn on the main menu of the device will help you to make all the measurements and calculations accurately and quickly.
3
Perform a baseline measurement forDetermination of altitude. When you hold down the Set button, which is in all modern altimeters, the device is automatically set to the setting mode. Altimeter will show you the air temperature and the current pressure, calculated at altitude. In this case, you have to reduce it to normal above the level seas. To do this, use the arrow button and the Set button, which will be able to adjust the desired value. After this, there are two options for calculating the height above the level seas. The first is a step change, which is performed manually by pressing buttons or in automatic mode.
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Go to the main menu. After saving the settings made, go to the main menu mode. The display shows the following data: height above the level sea and current atmospheric pressure. The accuracy of modern altimeters is more than 1 meter.
Tip 4: How to measure the height of a building with a barometer
Measure Height building through barometer Is a non-trivial physical problem,how important it is for a physicist to think outside ordinary categories. The barometer measures atmospheric pressure, and yet there are many ways to use this device to determine altitude.
You will need
- - barometer;
- - knowledge of physics;
- - A little imagination and a sense of humor.
Instructions
1
It is known that atmospheric pressure depends on the altitude above sea level. Therefore, by measuring the air pressure at the base building, and then having risen on a roof and having repeated measurement, it is possible to deduce from the received difference Height lifting. On average, with an elevation of twelve meters, atmospheric pressure decreases by 1 millimeter of mercury, or, which is the same, 133 Pa. Thus, if the difference in the readings at the foot and on the roof was 260-270 Pa, then Height building can be considered equal to 24 meters.
2
This method requires not only a barometer, but also a stopwatch. Discarding the barometer from the roof building, stopwatch record the time of its fall. According to the equation describing the accelerated motion, the path traversed by the body in free fall is (g * t ^ 2) / 2, where g is the free fall acceleration (9.8 m / s ^ 2), and t is the fall time. Calculating by this formula the distance that the barometer flew before falling to the ground, you will get Height building.
3
Tie the barometer to a long rope and gradually lower it from the roof building to the ground. Once the barometer touches the ground, the measurement is complete. It remains only to go down to earth and in any way measure the length of the rope.
4
If you measure the length of the rope is difficult, the barometercan be used as a pendulum. The oscillation time of an ideal mathematical pendulum depends only on its length and the acceleration of free fall: T = 2π * √ (L / g), where T is the oscillation period, L is the length of the pendulum, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Having measured the period of oscillations barometer, tied to a rope, the length of which is equal to the height building, you can calculate Height by the formula: L = g * (T / 2π) ^ 2.
5
The shadows cast by objects are proportional to the height of these objects. Therefore, by measuring Height barometer and the length of the shadow that he casts into the sunnyday on a horizontal surface at a certain time of the day, you can divide them into each other, having received a proportion. Measuring the length of the shadow cast by the building at the same time of day and multiplying it by the calculated proportion, you determine Height building.
Tip 5: How to measure the width of a river
On a hike or a journey,the need to determine the distance to inaccessible objects, calculate the remaining path and measure the width of the river. To measure it, it is not necessary to dive into the water and swim the river, you can accomplish this task, guided by the rules of geometry.
Instructions
1
Find the river on the opposite bankan object located near the channel itself: a bush, a tree, a stone or a stump. Stand perpendicular to the flow opposite to this object. On the place where you stood up, drive a peg or insert a branch into the ground. Now move along the channel until an angle of 45 ° is formed between you and the object selected on the opposite shore.
2
To measure the angle, use the compass orwristwatch. Stand up so that the line running from 9 to 3 hours is parallel to the current, and the line from the center of the dial by 11 o'clock was 45 °. The distance you traveled from the peg is equal to the width of the river.
3
You can also determine the width of the river withblade of grass. Tear off the blade of grass. Choose two objects on the opposite shore and face them. Hands with a blade of grass extend forward and with her help measure the distance between objects, looking at them with one eye. Then fold the blade of grass twice and slowly move away from the river bank.
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Stop when the folded blade of grass is notwill close the distance between objects. Insert a branch in this place, measure the distance you traveled from the bank of the river to the branch and translate it into meters. Got a distance that is equal to the width of the river.
5
Can be used to measure the width of a riverspecial pin maker. To make it, take a board and drive pins into it so that they form an isosceles rectangular triangle.
6
To measure on the oppositeSelect a subject from the river bank. Rise to the shore perpendicularly, after mentally drawing a line through the selected object. Drive along the river bank until the object and two pins are on the same straight line. The distance you have traveled is equal to the width of the river.
Tip 6: How to measure the height of mountains
Going to the mountains, take an altimeter (altimeter) with you,which will allow you to be always informed about the height of your being. It is important to know not only for orientation, but to control your physical condition.
You will need
- - mechanical or electronic altimeter.
Instructions
1
Use altimeter to determine heightsurrounding mountains. The mechanical device is based on a simple principle of the dependence of atmospheric pressure on altitude above sea level. The pressure drops with increasing altitude, the spring in the device is untwisted and the arrow shows Height with an accuracy of 1 m, depending on the number of divisions on the dial. Now there are electronic altimeters.
2
Measure height using a mechanical device. Set the arrow to 0 before the beginning of the ascent, the instrument will show you Height in meters, on which you ascended. Please note that weather conditions greatly affect the readings of the device. If the atmospheric pressure changes drastically for a period of time, it is necessary to reconfigure.
3
Use electronic altimeters thatare often built into the clock and are very convenient in the field. In special instruments for determining altitude, not only the altitude above sea level is indicated, but also the air temperature and time. For use, it is necessary to set the initial measuring point, as in a mechanical device, and fix the point at a height (such devices are also based on the principle of atmospheric pressure communication with altitude above sea level).
4
Use absolute, andnot with respect to height (as in the instruments mentioned above), unfortunately, it is not possible until they are produced for general use. These are devices that use reflection of radio waves, gamma radiation, and GPS receivers. The radio altimeter measures the reflection time of the sent wave from the ground or water surface and calculates the distance. The GPS receiver detects a point in space, using signals that it receives from Earth satellites. It more precisely defines Height, since these signals are independent of weather conditions and from measuring the distance to the earth's surface.
Tip 7: How to measure height at the withers
To control the growth and development processyoung dogs, determining their proportions for compliance with breed standards, and measuring their size. Measurements are an objective addition to the eye assessment and are also conducted during dog shows. Height in withers is one of the main measurements when assessing a dog for compliance with standards.
You will need
- - a special measuring ruler;
- - Measuring elbow.
Instructions
1
If you do not have a special measuring line,which is used to determine the size of the dog, make a measuring gage yourself. Take two bars measuring 20-25 cm and 5 cm, glue them at right angles to each other in the form of the letter "G", along the short bar, glue the centimeter measuring tape so that its zero mark is at the level of the lower plane of the long bar. To increase the accuracy of the measurement, attach a small plumb line to the inner side of the short bar - the load on the cord.
2
Choose the place where you will measure Height dogs at the withers. It should stand on a level surface - on the floor, on the table (if it's a small breed dog) or on a platform with a firm and level ground. If you conduct regular measurements of a young dog in order to control its development, then spend it always at the same time of the day, before feeding.
3
Put the dog straight. Determine where she withers - the highest point of the back, if the dog stands still. It is formed by the first five vertebrae of the dorsal spine. Visually, it can be defined as a slight elevation between the neck and the back of the dog.
4
That the dog does not worry, if you produceMeasurements for the first time, let her sniff the instruments. After the dog is convinced that they do not represent any danger to him, start measuring. To do this, attach a measuring ruler or a corner to the dog's withers. Place the instrument exactly on the withers, attach it so that it touches the dog's body, but does not press it. In a long-haired dog, disassemble the wool on the part in this place. Make sure that the ruler is in a strictly vertical position. If the measurements are made by a corner, the tape should not touch the plumb line, it should be parallel to it and strictly vertical.
Tip 8: How to measure pressure in a dog
Pressure In dogs It is necessary to measure it if it has such diseases as heart and kidney failure, epilepsy, hormonal disorders. This can be done at home using a tonometer.
You will need
- - veterinary or conventional tonometer;
- - stethoscope.
Instructions
1
2
Measure the pressure in the dog with a normal tonometer if you do not have a veterinary. It's easier to do this if the baby's cuff is on the tonometer. In addition, a stethoscope is required to measure pressure.
3
Lay the dog on its side. The animal should be at rest. Put the cuff of the tonometer on the front or back of the dog. Pump air into the cuff using a pear. Your assistant can do it.
4
Slowly release air from the cuff. Watch the gauges of the instrument, while listening to the pulse on the artery with a stethoscope. The value of the "upper" pressure on the manometer will correspond to the beginning of the appearance of the pulse, the value of the "lower" pressure will be shown by the device at the moment when the pulse in the stethoscope ceases to be audible.
5
Apply a palpation method of measuring pressurein the absence of a stethoscope, or if the pulse in it is poorly tapped. The dog should also be at rest and lying down. Put the cuff of the tonometer on its hind paw. Place your fingers on the femoral artery of the dog.
6
Ask your assistant to pump air incuff, and then slowly lower it. Follow the indications of the device and simultaneously feel with your fingers the pulse on the femoral artery of the dog. The value of the "upper" pressure on the manometer will correspond to the beginning of the appearance of the pulse, the value of the "lower" pressure will be shown by the device at the moment when you stop feeling your fingers on the artery of the dog.
7
Keep in mind that with the measurement method the usualthe blood pressure in the dog tends to fluctuate. On the femoral artery, its maximum value can be from 165 to 188 mm of mercury, the minimum - from 29 to 34 mm. On the brachial artery, the maximum pressure will be from 130 to 145 mm, the minimum - from 29 to 37 mm Hg.
Tip 9: How to measure the speed of a river
The speed of the river should be known, for example, to calculate the reliability of a ferry crossing or to determine the safety of a bath. The speed of the current can vary in different parts.
You will need
- A long, strong rope, a stopwatch, a floating object of bright colors, wooden pegs one meter high, a dredge compass.
Instructions
1
Find a stretch of shore where the river's currentconstantly. Install a wooden stake in the ground, measure fifty or a hundred meters along the shore from it, stick in this place the second stake. Pull the rope between two pegs. This line should be parallel to the flow of the river.
2
On each cola, fasten a straight stick,perpendicular to the measuring line, while the sticks should be directed towards the river. Such sticks are called traverses, they serve for convenient aiming during measurements.
3
Measurements are as follows: The first person with a floating object goes upstream from the first peg, which has a second peg, observing the current along the traverse. In this case, a third person stands at the second traverse with a stopwatch. The third participant begins the roll call, informing about readiness, then the second one informs about its readiness.
4
The first command "Start", throwing a floating objectin the river. When the object crosses the first traverse, the second participant beeps, where the third participant of the experiment starts the stopwatch. When a floating object crosses the second traverse, the stopwatch is turned off.
5
Now, having all the necessary data, it is easycalculate the speed of the river according to the formula v = s / t, where s is the distance between the pegs, t is the time taken for the floating object to overcome this distance, and v is the required speed of the river current. It is best to repeat this experiment two or three times, finally determining the exact average value.
Tip 10: High heels: it's fashionable, beautiful or dangerous
It's no secret that a high heel doesa woman more feminine, slender and graceful. But at the same time shoes with high heels can cause considerable damage to health. If you constantly wear such shoes, then a number of diseases to the fair half can hardly be avoided.
Hemorrhages
When we wear shoes with high heels,disturbed blood circulation in the legs. In addition, most of the load moves to the front of the foot. That's why on the feet of the fingers often formed natoptyshi.
Arthritis of the knees
When wearing shoes with high heels, the pressure is on the knee joints, and this in time can lead to their damage. Those who often wear high heels, threatens arthritis.
Rachiocampsis
If you constantly wear shoes with high heels, the center of gravity is shifted forward, and the back, to keep the balance, goes back. As a result, you can get a curvature of the spine.
Than the hairpin is dangerous
Wearing hairpins can develop into dependence. And it's not a joke. The fact that the heel tendon should always stretch, and on the heels it is fixed in one position and over time loses its elasticity. As a result, it becomes difficult for a woman to walk on a flat sole.
How to choose shoes
To make shoes with heels not turned for youtorture instrument, before you buy, test for yourself. Put on both shoes, stand up straight and try to lift on the socks so that the distance between the heels and the floor is about 2 cm. If you can not do it, then this shoe does not need to be bought, this heel is too high for you. In this case, give preference to wide, stable heels. And remember, shoes should not be too tight and narrow, it will only exacerbate the negative impact of heels.
Tip 11: What heel height is not bad
The saying about beauty, which requires sacrifices,refers to high-heeled shoes in full. Increasing growth and giving the gait a special appeal heels make you pay with diseases of the spine, joints, varicose veins. A flat sole also does not promote leg health, so it is better to choose the optimal heel height before the first signs of diseases appear.
Instructions
1
Wearing shoes with high heels makes the centerthe weight of the body shifts, overloads the forefoot, worsens the blood circulation in the lower limbs. The regular result is numerous diseases - osteoarthritis, venous insufficiency, irreversible shortening of the Achilles tendon. High-heel lovers often encounter a transverse flat foot - the lowering of the transverse arch of the foot.
2
Pathological phenomena are observed with regularwearing shoes with a heel height of 5.5 centimeters and more. Especially harmful are heels above 8 centimeters, and the thinner they are, the more serious the harm that they do to health. In practice, trauma doctors are very often sprained ligaments and dislocations of the ankle joint, bruises and fractures obtained by falling while walking on the stiletto because of the inability to maintain balance.
3
Flat-foot shoes are also not suitable forpermanent wearing. When driving on a hard surface there is no necessary cushioning, which means that the blow spreads upwards, while the spine is constantly injured. Absence of the heel forces the muscles to overstrain, in addition, the load on the foot is not distributed correctly - flat feet develop, often not transverse, as in the case with high heels, but longitudinal.
4
Some orthopedists say that the optimalheel height for shoes that are worn constantly, should not exceed 2.5 centimeters. More liberal-minded experts consider the optimal height of 2 to 5 centimeters. At the same height of the heel is measured not from the floor, but from the level of the sole under the fingers - if you would like to add yourself a few centimeters of height, choose shoes on a hidden platform.
5
There are special formulas forCalculate which heel height is right for you. The easiest way to calculate is to measure the length of the foot and divide the measurement result by four. The resulting number is the ideal height.
6
Another formula for calculating is somewhat more complicated. Divide the height of your own height by the length of your legs (measure it by attaching a centimeter tape to the side of the leg from the hip projection to the point of contact between the heel and the floor). From the received number subtract 1,61 is an coefficient of an ideal parity of growth and length of legs. Multiplying the result of the calculations by 10, get the optimal height of the heel. Do not forget that all measurements are done in centimeters.
