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The meaning of the word "raider" (in English- raider) speaks for itself. Raiding involves the acquisition, interception of property or operational management. For this, a certain conflict is initiated, most often in the business sphere, the assets of the enterprise as a result are derived from the ownership of legitimate owners. Very often these actions are openly illegal. But today the raiding has become so sophisticated that they can act as completely legal structures, for example, consulting companies, various law firms, security companies, etc.

Their customs

The paradigm of Raiders' actions has been worked out - the creationfor the company unbearable and critical conditions, financial exhaustion, the owners' disposition to sell assets at a bargain price, and then selling the enterprise itself and its property at a price that is thousands of times higher than the original one. For these purposes, often, one-day companies or offshore zones where financial transactions are made without taxes. Interested in raiding persons do not show themselves openly. Usually they are representatives of large commercial structures, players of the financial market. They get from the raiders as owners of enterprises and property at a price 50 percent cheaper than the market. There are among the clients of raiders and such structures that buy assets for stock and then resell them at speculative prices. In this case, the sold enterprise falls into a long stagnation, it does not produce products, does not deduct taxes, labor collectives are scattered, or even completely lost, unemployment and social tension grow. The very phenomenon of raiding in the world has hundreds of years, in every country it manifested itself in its own way and not always was openly criminal, being, as it were, a compelled component in the sphere of complex financial and industrial relations between corporations, firms, enterprises. Most brightly, the phenomenon of raidering manifested itself in the period of the emergence of shares, which made it possible to alienate firms and enterprises without the management's consent in favor of third parties with subsequent sale. These processes have actively taken root in the United States. Mass raiding has not become characteristic of European countries. For example, in Germany over the past half-century there have been only three attempts at raider acquisitions of enterprises.

Three colors of privatization

Modern Russia has demonstrated a brightthe rise of raiderery in the form of privatization of the billion-dollar assets of the former Soviet industry and business entities. And the raider in Russia is conditionally divided into white, gray and black. The former usually does not go beyond the law and uses corporate blackmail for its activities, that is, it creates a minority stake and forces the company's management to buy it out at an inflated price, getting rid of the blackmailer. Gray and the more black raiding is not abhorrent by various and often criminal methods of seizing and appropriating property, violation of criminal law. For example, it is bribing general managers, forgery and falsification of documents, bringing the enterprise to bankruptcy and even its frank forceful seizure.

History of MMM

The company "MMM" was registered in 1989. and until 1994 specialized in the sale of imported office equipment. The founders of the company were S.Mavrodi, his brother V.Mavrodi and O.Melnikova. Since 1994 it is considered as the largest financial pyramid in the history of Russia. The essence of the activity was the release and sale of "MMM Tickets". Tickets they were called in order to circumvent the restriction on the issue of shares. The current and "estimated" ticket prices were determined on the basis of self-quotations and announced two weeks in advance. For six months, their price increased by 127 times, and in July 1994 S.Mavrodi announced a "restart" of the system and a reduction in the cost of tickets 127 times to face value. Thus, the entire expected yield was zeroed out at one point. In 1994 S.Mavrodi was arrested on charges of non-payment of taxes, he did not admit his guilt. In 1997, "MMM" was declared bankrupt.

From the activities of "MMM" in Russia, 10-15 million people were injured, the total amount of damage was estimated at $ 70-80 billion.

Many are called "MMM" - a scam of the century, which is connectedwith the enormous damage that was inflicted on the depositors of the company. Only one office of "MMM" earned about $ 50 million a day. The amount of incoming money was considered a "room". According to the bailiffs, in 2009 they had more than 800 executive documents on the recovery of Sergei Mavrodi 300 million r. in favor of its depositors, of which only 20 million rubles were withdrawn.

Signs of financial pyramids

Financial pyramid is problematic enoughdistinguished from real investment projects. Therefore, for potential investors to ensure the safety of their own money, it is important to know the main distinctive features of fraudulent companies.

Today, among the pyramids are various projects Mavrodi MMM-2011 and MMM-2012, HYIP projects and mutual funds.

The main sign of the pyramid is the promise of a highThe yield, which is an order of magnitude higher than the average market rate on deposits. For example, in Russia, the average rate for ruble deposits is 12.5% ​​per annum, if you are promised a return of 50-100% - this is an excuse to be on the alert. So, in MMM the declared growth of the price of shares and tickets was about 100% per month (from February to July 1994). Pyramids do not give any guarantees to depositors. So, the investment in "MMM" was carried out on the principle of "voluntary donations" by S.Mavrodi. Investors did not buy tickets, but received souvenirs. Thus, this exempted the company from any liability for the non-return of cash. Typically, the pyramids offer a low entry threshold for participants - about $ 100-300. This is done in order to attract as many investors as possible and reduce the number of lawsuits. An unintentional attribute of financial pyramids is an aggressive marketing company with an emphasis on receiving super profits - presentations, advertising on TV and on the Internet, targeted mailings. During the period of MMM's activity, a massive advertising campaign was launched in Russia on television (Lenya Golubkov was the main character). At the same time, no information was provided to confirm the profitability and data on how it was achieved. All bona fide investment funds are as open as possible and publish all necessary financial statements. Finally, fraudsters often do not have permission documents to attract investments and even an officially registered company. Often such firms are opened in offshore zones to front men. It is worth considering that attracting the organizers of the pyramid to account is quite difficult, because it is necessary to prove that they initially did not intend to invest money and give profits to depositors.

Instructions

1

Being a subscriber of the mobile operator "MTS"you can get information in various ways. For example, contact the nearest office of the company. With you, you must have a document proving your identity. The employee will ask you to write an application for the detailed account; indicate in it the period for which you want to receive information. Remember that the service is chargeable.

2

Get information using the USSD command. To do this, dial from your phone: * 111 # and the call key. In the menu that opens, select item # 2 "Shet", then again point # 2 "Kontrol 'rashodov_uslug", and then point # 1. With the help of these actions you will receive information about the last five paid actions (calls, SMS messages).

3

You can get information with the help ofself-service system "Internet-Assistant". To do this, go to the official website of the mobile operator - www.mts.ru. In the upper right corner, find the tab of the system, click on it. Then enter your personal information and click "Login". In the personal access area, find the option "Call Detailing", enter the information parameters.

4

Subscribers of the mobile operator "Beeline" also haveopportunity to use the Call Detailing service. To do this, contact the office of the company or use the self-service system on www.beeline.ru.

5

If you are a mobile operator"Megafon", you can use the self-service system "Service Guide", for this go to the official website of the company - www.megafon.ru. In the upper right corner, find the inscription "Service Guide", click on it. Enter the phone number and password in the menu that appears. After entering the personal zone in the menu, find "Call Detailing", enter the information parameters and click "Order".

Many people believe that in this area workexclusively economists and financiers. However, it is not. Quite a large number of successful traders do not have a higher economic education. The fact is that the most important thing in Forex is not a diploma, but a person's desire to constantly improve in this area and learn new things. For successful work, any beginner trader first needs to get basic knowledge, and then apply them in practice, using a training virtual Demo account. Almost in every city in the world you can find dealing centers Forex, thanks to which anyone can get free training in currency trading. Knowledge and ability to correctly buy and sell currencies in the market is the key to the success of any trader. Demo account can be opened not only in dealing centers, but also from home, using a special computer program for this. It can be downloaded on the Internet. For successful work of the program it is necessary to have constant access to the global network. How exactly - it is described in http://fishki.net/2051396-birzha-foreks-slozhno-li-zarabotat-v-onlajn-trejdinge.html

The history of the Forex market began in the 70slast century. At that time, countries could not change the rates of their currencies against the currencies of other countries freely. The courses were strictly fixed and tied to the US dollar. In turn, 30 "green" valued at 1 ounce of gold. All this was part of the Bretton Woods system, whose main task was to help most countries of the world survive the aftermath of the Second World War. In 1971, she fulfilled her mission and was replaced by a system of free exchange rates. Then the international forex market appeared. The exchange rate of one country against the exchange rate of another was now determined on the basis of demand and supply from buyers and sellers at the currency exchange.

The number of participants trading on the Forex market is huge:

• Private commercial banks
• Central banks of states
• Brokerage houses
• Insurance, investment, hedge funds
• Export and import companies
• Individuals

Private commercial banks

The world's largest commercial banks havehuge financial resources that allow them to significantly influence exchange rates. The volume of daily operations carried out by these market participants can reach several hundred billion US dollars! Forex is one of the main sources of their income. Therefore, dealers of commercial banks constantly monitor the world economic situation. They try to use any convenient moment in order to get the maximum benefit. The most famous commercial banks in the world are: Deutshe Bank, Citibank, Barclays Bank, Chase Manhattan Bank, Standart Chartered Bank and others ...

Central banks of states

Central banks are called upon to implementmonetary policy of states. One of their main tasks is to stabilize their currency rates. They do this through verbal, covert and explicit intervention. In the first case, they exert psychological influence on market participants; in the second case, they keep the exchange rate of the state currency in a certain range (30-100 points), in the third - they sharply buy or dump in a huge amount the necessary currency (at this time the exchange rate can vary by 100% 300 points). Traders from all over the world closely follow the meetings and speeches of the heads of central banks, as this has a significant effect on the Forex market. The change in interest rates, reserve norms, rules for conducting banking operations, money supply volumes - all this reflects the state's economic policy and can positively or negatively affect the exchange rate of the national currency. The most important central banks and financial institutions that have a big impact on foreign exchange markets are: the US Federal Reserve System, the European Central Bank, the Central Bank of England, the Swiss Central Bank, and the Central Bank of Japan. In Europe, there is a special banking system. It includes the ECB (European Central Bank), as well as the central banks of the members of the European Union. Since Germany is the largest and most developed economy in the Old World, the influence of the German central bank Bundesbank is the most significant. In the US, the Federal Reserve determines the economic policy.

Brokerage houses

Brokerage houses are typical representativesinterests of legal entities and individuals acting on the exchange in the person of their brokers and carrying out a wide range of their authorities for selling and buying currencies, as well as other operations with them in the Forex market. Possessing sufficiently large staff of highly skilled specialists in the field of currency transactions, brokerage houses render invaluable assistance and assistance to large industrial conglomerates and corporations, as well as to representatives of small firms and companies, as well as to individual individuals. At the same time, they have a fairly significant impact on the dynamics of capital flows on all stock exchanges in the world.

Insurance funds

Insurance funds have at their disposalsignificant financial resources that allow them to play a significant role in the exchange markets. In their financial strategy, they use the insurance reserves of their funds. In order to maximize the benefits, cash is mainly invested in short-term and medium-term periods.

Investment funds

Private investment funds and companies areone of the most active participants of commodity, stock, currency exchanges. They attract considerable funds from both large corporations and companies, and from private investors. Investment funds have their own trading strategies in financial markets. They try to follow the policy of diversification of funds. Thus, these organizations minimize possible losses and increase the chances of obtaining a substantial profit in the end. Sometimes they spend quite risky operations, wishing to get the maximum benefit. Sometimes it brings big expenses, but more often than not, investment companies manage to correctly predict the situation on the financial markets and profitable to invest their money. In addition, they buy securities of foreign countries and actively trade in changing stock prices.

Hedge funds

These are private investment funds thatinclude a limited number of investors and are quite aggressive in the market. Most hedge funds try to register in offshore zones, as they avoid excessive attention from official market regulators. In addition, they invest their financial assets not only in currency, but also in stocks, bonds, derivative financial instruments (futures and options). All this allows hedge funds to increase their income. However, it is worth noting that investing in derivative financial instruments entails great risks. The total number of hedge funds is constantly growing. They play an important role in the formation and operation of financial markets. Hedge funds, competing with other active participants in financial markets, sometimes accumulate huge amounts of money in their hands. They attract on favorable terms the resources of pension funds, private companies and banks. Unlike many others, in order to achieve substantial profits, hedge funds do not hesitate to invest in risky schemes of currency and material transactions, so they often benefit from their flexible policy of multivariate investments.

Export and import companies

Export and import companies are those,who constantly form demand and supply for national and foreign currencies. Their operations in the market they carry out mainly indirectly through various banks in the territory of certain countries. Thanks to them, the stock exchange operations revive, especially during the period of falling market prices, or during the period of absence of volatility on the stock exchange.

Individuals

As a rule, these are ordinary citizens who are soAs well as large participants of currency exchanges, they want to earn money. Since they can not have direct access to financial markets, they have to act through intermediary brokers and broker companies. The main difference between private individuals and others is that they can enter the market with minimal amounts of money (from $ 10 to $ 1000). Markets for stocks, bonds, commodities and stock markets do not provide such an opportunity and require investors to have in their pocket not less than 5000-10000 $. For this reason, Forex is a more popular method of additional earnings for the common people of the planet.

The international currency market beginsfunction from 3 am on Monday and continues to work until 1 am Friday night. In addition, there are trading sessions on the Forex exchange - Asian, European, American, Pacific. The first works from 03:00 to 11:00, the second - from 10:00 to 18:00, the third - from 16:00 to 01:00, the fourth - from 00:00 to 09:00. Thus, trading sessions replace each other, which allows the Forex market to work around the clock. In addition, each of them has its own characteristics. So, the American session differs from the others in its great activity, that is, during this period the participants of currency exchanges perform many operations in the market. This leads to the fact that the exchange rates fluctuate very strongly in one direction or another. The European and Asian - the average activity. The Pacific session is distinguished by the fact that during this period the market is quite calm.

The international currency market Forex continueswin the hearts of a large number of novice traders. It has many advantages and provides an opportunity for any person to regularly earn good money. Trading in the Forex market requires each trader to constantly improve, learn, control their emotions and stay abreast of the latest world news and events.