Tip 1: Finding Current Assets
Tip 1: Finding Current Assets
The current assets are the resources of the enterprise, which are not intended for long-term use. These include stocks and costs, short-term receivables and other liquid assets, which can be converted into money during the production cycle or year. Find Current assets you can, using the company's financial statements.
Instructions
1
Open the company's balance sheet atthe date you need. The value of current assets at the beginning and end of the period is indicated in line 290 (total II of the balance sheet). Determine their dynamics over the period, calculating the difference between these figures.
2
Calculate the average value of current assets for a period using the formula: Amc = (Am1 + Am2) / 2, where: Am1 - current assets enterprises at the beginning of the period; Am2-current assets enterprises at the end of the period. Then you can analyze the effectiveness of their use.
3
Calculate the profitability of the company's assets byformula: Pa = P / Ats x 100%, where: - P - net profit for the analyzed period - ATS - the average value of the current assets of the enterprise for the period. The total net profit of the enterprise is determined in line 190 of the "Profit and loss statement".
4
Divide the amount of the net profit of the enterprise bycalculated average value of the assets of the enterprise. Multiplying the obtained coefficient by 100%, you will get the return on assets of the enterprise for the analyzed period. This indicator characterizes the amount of profit attributable to each ruble of their value. Optimum is considered, if it is equal to 18-20%.
5
Find the current assets turnover byformula: About = (V / Ats) * Kdn, where: B - revenue from sales for the reporting period (without VAT), ATS - the average value of the current assets of the enterprise, Kdn - the number of days of the reporting period. Receive revenue from the income statement for the period analyzed. Divide it by the average value of current assets, multiply the figure by the number of days of the reporting period.
6
Calculate the turnover of current assets forprevious reporting periods, analyze the dynamics of changes. The smaller the score, the better. The economic efficiency of reducing the asset turnover period is expressed in the release of additional funds from the turnover and, as a consequence, in increasing the profit of the enterprise.
7
Keep in mind that as the period decreasesturnover requires less inventory. At the same time, the costs for their storage are reduced. Accordingly, the slowdown in turnover leads to an increase in the value of current assets and additional costs. Thus, timely calculation and analysis of the state of assets will allow making the right decisions to manage their use.
Tip 2: How to Find Net Assets
Net assets represent a valueown capital of the enterprise, free of all debt obligations. This indicator characterizes the financial stability of the firm and its ability to pay dividends and fulfill its obligations. Net assets are calculated as the difference between certain amounts of assets and liabilities.
Instructions
1
Determine the amount of assets that are accepted forcalculation of net assets. To do this, use the balance sheet of the enterprise for the reporting period. It is necessary to determine the amount of intangible assets, fixed assets, construction in progress, long-term and short-term financial investments, income investments in tangible assets. Also taken into account are non-current assets, available stocks, accounts receivable, VAT on purchased valuables, negotiable assets and cash. At the same time, it is necessary to deduct from the received amount the debts of participants on contributions to the authorized capital and the actual costs of buying out their own shares.
2
Calculate the amount of liabilities of the enterprise,adopted for the calculation of net assets. They consist of long-term and short-term obligations on loans and borrowings, accounts payable, debts to participants in the payment of income and reserves of future expenses. Add to the amount received also the amount of deferred tax liabilities and the created reserves for contingent liabilities and termination of activities.
3
Find the value of net assets of the enterprise, which is equal to the difference of certain assets and liabilities. This calculation scheme was adopted by the Ministry of Finance Order No. 10-n of January 29, 2003.
4
Analyze the obtained value of pureassets. If it was less than the amount of the authorized capital in the reporting period, the founders should take a decision to reduce it to the value of net assets. If this amount is less than the minimum established by the legislation, a decision may be made to liquidate the enterprise.
5
Calculate the amount of net assets on a quarterly basis and sum up the total at the end of the year. Disclose this amount in annual and interim accounting reports.
Tip 3: How to find the balance sheet
The balance sheet is the main formaccounting statements and reflects the property and financial condition of the enterprise at the reporting date. It contains all information about assets and liabilities of the enterprise in monetary terms. The balance sheet is compiled by the chief accountant of the organization on the basis of the turnover-balance sheet.
You will need
- - balance sheet form number 1;
- - calculator;
- - a computer.
Instructions
1
Complete the cover sheet of the balance sheet. On the top line, note the reporting date of the compilation. As a rule, this is the last day of the month of the reporting period. Specify the full or abbreviated name of the organization, according to the statutory documents. Specify the TIN of the enterprise, the type of activity under OKVED, the code of the organizational and legal form for OKOPF, the code of ownership by OKFS, the address of the enterprise.
2
Select the unit used forfilling. Values in the balance should be filled in thousands or millions of rubles in whole numbers without decimals. Foreign currency should be converted into rubles according to the exchange rate of the Central Bank at the reporting date. Set the date for the annual report in the Date of Approval line, and the specific date for sending the balance sheet in the line "Date of sending (acceptance)".
3
Fill in the assets of the enterprise. Assets of the enterprise consist of two sections: non-current assets and current assets. In column 1 there are groups of articles, and in column two the codes of the corresponding indicator are marked. Fill in the column 3 of the account at the beginning of the reporting period, and in column 4 of the account at the end of the reporting period. Place dashes in cells with empty balance values.
4
Sum in line 190 all the values in the rows110-150, corresponding to the first section of assets. Summarize in line 290 the values from lines 210-270 corresponding to the second section of assets. Line 300 is the asset balance, write the sum of lines 190 and 290 in it.
5
Fill in the company's liabilities. The liabilities of the organization consist of three sections: capital and reserves, long-term liabilities and short-term liabilities. Sum in line 490 of the balance sheet the values from lines 410-470, with the exception of line 411. Line 590 specifies the sum of lines 510-520. Mark 621-625 lines in row 621. Summarize lines 610, 620, 630-660 in line 690 of the fifth section. Line 700 of the balance sheet is the sum of all three sections of the company's liabilities: 490, 590, 690.
6
Verify the compiled reports with the signaturethe head of the enterprise and the chief accountant. Put the date of compilation at the bottom. The balance sheet is considered correctly found if the values in lines 300 and 700 are equal.
