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You will need

• Charger, stopwatch.

Instructions

1

Purchase, rent or lend a special capacity measuring device accumulator. Take the battery and fully charge it, and then discharge it with current (I). Measure the time (T) during which the discharge will occur.

2

Calculate the product of the current, which will be the capacitance accumulator. For this it is necessary to take the current and time and multiply them (Q = I * T). We want to note that in the same way one can measure the capacity of absolutely any accumulator, as well as a normal battery. But it should be remembered that a simple battery is charged again, unlike accumulator, It will be impossible.

3

In order to know the capacity accumulator, you can use other methods. So to measure the capacitance of the device you can use a special circuit that allows the battery to be discharged through a resistor (R). And such discharge is carried out to a voltage of approximately 1W. After that, measure the discharge current according to the formula: I = U / R.

4

In order to measure the discharge time, you can use a conventional clock that can work at 1.5 watts. At discharge accumulator remember that the device must not be dischargedcompletely, and for this it is necessary to use a special solid relay, for example, PVN012. This relay allows you to turn off the battery in time when the voltage drops to the minimum level. A reduction of up to 1W is allowed, as already noted.

5

Connect the discharged battery to the circuit. Turn on the circuit and set the stopwatch to turn on the clock. When the discharge reaches 1 W, the relay closes and the clock stops.

6

In order to find out how much charge is lostBattery, after about a week or two of use, when self-discharging, it is necessary to measure the capacity of the device after full charging and make such measurements after another week or two.

Instructions

1

Amount of electricity (charge) in the battery is called the capacity. The charge is measured in Coulombs, 1 Pendant is 1 Ampere x 1 second. In order to know the capacity accumulator, chargeThen completely discharge it, and then discharge with the set current I and measure the time T, during which the discharge will be completely discharged. Multiply the time (T) by the current (I), and you get a Q-capacitance accumulator.

2

To check completely chargeInsert the battery and connect it to thedevice. Set the clock to <0> and turn on Start. Now the relay should close the contacts 4-5, and also 5-6, and the battery starts to discharge through the resistor R, the clock is energized. The voltage on the battery itself and on the resistor starts to decrease slowly, when it drops to 1V on the resistor, the relay opens the contacts, the discharge stops, and the clock stops.

3

With discharge accumulator control current passing through contacts 1-2relay, falls from 8 to 2 mA. If the control current is 3 mA, then the resistance of the contacts 4-5 and 5-6 is less than 0.04 Ohm (the value is low enough to not take it into account when measuring current). If you need a discharge current of 1A, then use a resistor R = 1.2 ohms.

4

After the discharge stops, the voltage on the battery starts to rise to 1.1-1.2 V, this is due to the internal resistance of the cell. Take into account the fact that the capacity of a newly charged accumulator Will be higher, because after a while the part chargebut lost self-discharge. In order to calculate the self-discharge value, measure the capacitance immediately after chargeKi, and then somewhere about a week after that. Some batteries have a self-discharge rate of 10% per week or more.

5

If you work under this scheme, try reducing the resistance of the contacts accumulator and connectors. If the current is 0.5-1 A, you can get a not very high measurement accuracy (lose at contacts from 0.1 V and more). Also, the steel spring can cause losses exactly, which is used in some holders accumulator, so her and other contacts from steel shun with a copper wire.

You will need

• - a voltmeter,
• - hydrometer.

Instructions

1

In order to measure the voltage inBattery, use a digital voltmeter capable of measuring up to tenths and hundredths of a volt. Before carrying out the measurements, disconnect the battery from all consumers and chargers and wait at least two hours. After all the chemical processes in the banks have stopped, proceed to the measurements .

2

Connect the wire (usually black)Device marked "-" to the negative terminal of the battery, and red, marked with a "+" sign - to positive. The contact must be tight, for this purpose there must be clamps at the ends of the wire. Take the reading. The degree of charge of your battery is determined by the table below. You can measure the voltage on each bank of the battery, and thus detect the faulty one.

3

Batteries with liquid electrolyte candetermine the degree of charge and the residual voltage of the electrolyte density. For this, take a hydrometer. Open the plugs of the battery cans and collect the electrolyte in the device. Mark and record the density readings in each bank.

4

The table below shows the valuesElectrolyte densities corresponding to the residual voltage, for 12 and 24 volt batteries. Correlate the obtained indications of the electrolyte density with the voltage available at the moment of measurements. Output the average voltage. Determine the degree of charging of your battery in percent.

You will need

• - Battery;
• - Charger.

Instructions

1

Determine the battery charge time per packcharger, which always indicates the time to charge the batteries of different capacities. But this time is almost always less than necessary. You can also find out the charging time for the battery pack. For example, if you have an AAA GP 1000 battery, then it shows a capacity of 970 mA / h, the amount of time for charging is sixteen hours at a current value of 93 mA. But to pick up the charger, which can provide just such a current, is almost impossible.

2

Take the charger, for example, GP PowerBank mini, on it, read that for charging AAA batteries it provides a current of 80 mA. Then go to http://horisty.narod.ru/zaryad_akkumulyatorov.htm. Enter in the first field 970, that is, the capacity of the battery.

3

In the second - 80, i.е. The charging current value and as a result you will get the time it takes to charge the battery. In this example, it's 20 hours and 57 minutes. Although the device's packaging says that the GP 1000 batteries should be charged for 15 hours. If you charge them for such a time, they will only charge 2/3.

4

Calculate the duration of the charge yourself. To do this, take the value of the battery capacity in mA / h, for example, 3300. Then turn the charger over, look at the value of the output current, for example, 150 mA. Divide the capacitance value by the current to determine the charge time in hours. 3300/150 - the result is twenty two hours.

5

Just remember that this time can beThe maximum real only if the current is constant when charging. As a rule, many chargers change the current in the process of charging - at first its value is minimal and gradually increases.

Instructions

1

First you need to calculate the potential energybody, it is also called rest energy. It is calculated by the formula: P = m * g * h (product of mass, height and acceleration of gravity), where m is the mass of the body, g is the acceleration of gravity, equal to 9.8 N / m, h is the height to which the body is raised above the ground. If its distance from the Earth's surface, as a fulcrum, is 0, then the potential energy is also 0. Thus, if the body is suspended above the surface at a certain altitude, then it has a positive potential energy. If it is below the surface, that is, under the Earth, then its potential energy is negative (because its rise to zero height will require additional energy costs).

2

The kinetic energy is the energy of the body, thenthere is, it is only for moving objects (having a speed). The calculation formula is as follows: E = m * V ^ 2/2 (the product of the body mass per square of its velocity divided by 2), where m is the mass of the body, V is the velocity that the body has at the time of calculation. If the body is immovably fixed to the suspension, or it rests on the support, then the kinetic energy is 0, since the velocity is absent. The more speed and mass of a body, the more its kinetic energy.

3

To find the total energy, it is necessary to foldkinetic and potential. The formula is as follows: E n = P + E = m * g * h + m * V ^ 2/2. Usually the physical body is in a state of rest, but is remote from the Earth, so that it has only potential energy, the kinetic energy is 0 (for example, a suspended cargo). A body moving on the surface of the Earth has only kinetic energy, the potential energy is 0 (for example, a traveling car). But if the body is in flight, then the value of both types of energy is non-zero.

Battery capacity is the most importantA characteristic that determines how long the battery can provide power to a particular device. The stored amount of energy by the battery is called the electric capacity.

Battery capacity indicators

The storage capacity is measured in ampere hours. This means that the battery will give the specified capacity for a given time, that is, in the form of a formula, it will look like a product of the current strength A (Ampere) for a time (hour). For example, a battery with a capacity of 50 Ah (Ampere hours) will be able to load the device in 1A (ampere) for 50 hours. At this point in time, the battery market can offer batteries with a capacity of 1- 2000 ampere hours. By battery voltage, you can judge its capacity at a given time, as well as its charge status. The higher the battery charge, the higher the voltage that the battery emits on the terminals. To control charge, special chargers are used: multimeter and hydrometer.

Battery charge monitoring

To prevent battery recharge, applycharger with charge control. They are equipped with all phones, tablets, laptops and almost all car chargers. This device allows you to monitor the process of dialing the electrical capacity of the battery. Monitoring occurs on the voltage on the battery contacts, for example, at 100% charge of the battery voltage of 12 volts at the time of charging, the battery will show a voltage of 12.7 volts. This will mean that the battery is fully charged, and the charger will stop its power. Using a multimeter (tester), it also monitors the battery charge by voltage. With its help, measure the voltage at the terminals of the battery at the time of charging. Using the device of the hydrometer, the charging medium of the battery is directly monitored. The hydrometer shows the characteristics of the electrolyte density in the battery. The higher the density, the more charge the battery will take. For example, a battery with a voltage of 12 volts at 100% charge has an electrolyte density of 1.265. The electrolyte density can be checked in stationary batteries. When checking the container, care must be taken so that the electrolyte does not get on your skin and clothing, as it can cause chemical burns. If your battery is often discharged, that is, does not hold the load, this is a sign that it needs to be replaced.

Instructions

1

Take a special device to determine the capacity accumulator. Then do the following. Fully charge the battery and then discharge it using current. Be sure to note the time during which the discharge will occur accumulator. Then make a calculation.

2

Multiply the current you used to discharge accumulator for the time it took to completely empty it to find out the capacity accumulator. The product of these two quantities will be the amount of energy that a battery can contain. In a similar way, you can determine the capacity of absolutely any accumulator, starting from accumulator auto, and ending with an ordinary battery.

3

Try using a different method to find out the capacity accumulator. For this you will need a special scheme, withwhich will help you to discharge the battery through a resistor. Discharging occurs at a voltage value not exceeding 1 volt. Then, using the formula I = U / R, calculate the current. To measure the discharge time, use an ordinary stopwatch or a clock.

4

Observe the important condition - the battery should not bedischarge completely. To prevent this undesirable effect, use a solid state relay. It will allow to disconnect the accumulator at the moment when the voltage value drops to the minimum mark. You can also find out the capacity accumulator without the use of special instruments and the production of any complicated manipulations. As a rule, all the necessary information about the device is indicated on the manufacturer's label.

5

Inspect the surface accumulator. There must be a sticker containing the necessary information necessary for operating the device. If this label is overwritten or missing, you will have to return to the operations described above.

Instructions

1

To determine the battery capacity, you need tobuy a special device or ask it from your friends. Then proceed as follows. Fully charge the battery, and then, using a current, discharge it. Note the time during which the battery will be discharged.

2

Make a calculation that will let you knowbattery capacity. The current used to discharge the battery should be multiplied by the time taken to completely drain it. The product of these two quantities is the amount of energy that a battery can contain. Keep in mind, similarly you can determine the capacity of absolutely any battery, including a car battery and an ordinary battery.

3

Use one more way to find out the capacitybattery. But, remember, for this you will need a special circuit, with which you can discharge the battery through a resistor at a voltage value not exceeding 1 volt. Then calculate the current by the formula: I = U / R. To record the discharge time, use a normal stopwatch or a clock.

4

Be careful using this method. Try to keep the battery fully discharged. To avoid this, use a solid state relay, which can be used to turn off the battery at the exact moment when the voltage drops to the lowest level.

5

One of the easiest ways to determineThe capacity of the battery is the device information indicated on the manufacturer's label. Pick up your battery and carefully inspect its surface, which should show all the necessary information for the operation of the device. In case there is no sticker or it is wiped, perform the operations described above.

Instructions

1

Do not attempt to charge anymethods of battery that are not designed for this. Lithium-ion, lithium-polymer and lithium-iron batteries should always be charged only by factory-made devices. Independently manufacture chargers for NiCd and NiMH electrochemical batteries only.

2

Calculate the charging current of one battery. To do this, divide its capacity by ten. If the capacity is expressed in milliampere-hours, the charge current will be in milliamperes.

3

Take the power source in such a way thatits output voltage exceeded the nominal battery voltage by at least four volts, and the load current exceeded the sum of the charging currents of all the batteries (they will be charged separately to reduce wear).

4

Get as many voltage regulators LM317T, how many batteries will be charged at the same time.

5

Note that, despite the similarappearance, the stabilizer LM317T differs from the well-known stabilizers 7805, 7809 and similar. Namely, the first output from him - the adjusting, the second - the output, and the third - the input.

6

For the LM317T to start instead of voltageto stabilize the current, go to the trick. First, reduce its output voltage to a minimum. To do this, adjust the stabilizer output as a common one, in the same way as with the 78xx series stabilizers. The output voltage will be 1.25 V. Secondly, connect the load to its terminal in such a way that at 1.25 V it consumes a current equal to the charge current of one battery. To calculate its resistance, use the number of 1.25 divided by the charge current, expressed in milliamperes. The resistance will be in kilohms. The same power that will be allocated to the load, determine by multiplying the number 1.25 by the same current. It will be expressed in milliwatts.

7

Please note that your ownthe current consumption by the stabilizer is very small. Therefore, the current that it consumes at the input will be almost equal to the load current. This is its property and use it to stabilize the current through the battery. To do this, connect the stabilizer input to the power source through the battery, observing the polarity (plus the source to the positive of the battery, minus the battery to the input of the stabilizer, the common wire of the stabilizer to the minus the power supply).

8

Collect as many stabilizers as you likethere are batteries. All chips should be placed on separate heat sinks, not connected electrically. Shunt the inputs and outputs of the ICs with small-capacity oxide and ceramic capacitors. Connect the oxide capacitors in the correct polarity. Their operating voltage must be at least 10 V.

9

Turn on the power of the charger, and after 15 hours, turn off and remove the charged batteries.

Instructions

1

Before you begin to test the battery, itsit is necessary to charge. To do this, use the charger that you normally use with this battery. If it uses lithium (for example, it is lithium-ion, lithium-polymer or lithium-iron), use only factory devices. Other batteries can be charged with self-made devices. Be sure to observe the charging mode. The battery of a cellular phone is most conveniently charged directly in the device.

2

Now you need the load. As such, a miniature incandescent lamp fits well. The load current must be equal to the rated current of the battery discharge. In series with the load, turn on the ammeter, and parallel to it - a voltmeter.

3

Periodically (for example, every ten minutes)record the readings of both instruments in the table. If desired, you can conduct continuous monitoring, using the function of video recording in your mobile phone. Place the phone lens on the measuring instruments. Complete the tests and disassemble the circuit when the voltage drops to the minimum allowed for this type of battery (it depends on the type of electrochemical system and the number of cans).

4

Based on the measurement results, draw up graphschanges in voltage and current as a function of time. Calculate the capacity of the battery by determining the area of ​​the figure formed by the graph of the current versus time. Compare it with the one on the case accumulator. this indicator, as well as on the voltage sagging at the end of the discharge cycle, make a conclusion about the advisability of further battery operation.

5

If the battery is not suitable for further useoperation, carry out its training by carrying out several slow charge-discharge cycles. In batteries that allow the replacement of individual cans, in the way indicated above, identify the most worn out and replace. If the battery is not suitable for further use even after training, hand it over for processing to a special reception point.