Tip 1: The principle of the soap
Tip 1: The principle of the soap
A lot of different legends tell howthere was a soap. Already 6000 years ago, mankind used soap, made from animal and plant fats. Over the centuries, the composition of soap has changed, but its main task - to wash dirt - has not changed.
Instructions
1
The exact date of creation of soap is not established. It is known that the prototype of this product was a mixture of ash and fat. Connecting, these substances came into the reaction, which was the basis in soap making. This action was called a saponification reaction.
2
Nowadays to get soap usenatural oils and caustic soda. The mass obtained by mixing the oil with soda creates a lot of bubbles. Each bubble has a shell, which consists of water. Dirt adheres to the bubbles, thereby easily washed off by the flow of water.
3
The first to describe the chemical composition of soap was French chemist Michel Eugene Shevrel. It turned out that soap - is the sodium salt of the higher carboxylic acid.
4
Many believe that soapy hands, they kill germs. In fact, creating soap foam is necessary in order to easily separate bacteria from the skin. They are easier to wash off with soap and water.
5
Modern soap production allows you to createDetergents not only from natural products. Soap is made from products that contain surfactants. They are obtained during processing of oil products and coal.
6
Considering the washing process with physical orchemical side, you can see that it is quite complicated. Soap is able to dissolve in water, reducing its surface tension. Molecules of soap are divided into hydrophobic and hydrophilic particles. Penetrating inside, to the polar molecules of water, the hydrophilic soap particles remain in the water. Hydrophobic, in turn, are directed upwards, to non-polar dirty particles. This fatty suspension is washed off with water.
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Simply put, dirt, sticking to soap bubbles, is easily washed off with water along with air foam.
Tip 2: How to Carpet Cleaning
The carpet can eventually become dusty, losethe former brightness of color or by carelessness of the hosts or guests to acquire a spot in the most prominent place. Sometimes, while remaining clean externally, the carpet can become a source of unpleasant odors. In all these cases carpet cleaning will help. To carry it out, it is not necessary to take the floor covering to dry cleaning.
You will need
- - a vacuum cleaner;
- - a brush;
- - carpet cleaner;
- - salt;
- - Wheat flour;
- - Wine alcohol;
- - potatoes;
- - water;
- - liquid soap;
- - sawdust;
- - refined gasoline;
- - glycerol;
- - A brush.
Instructions
1
The easiest way to clean the carpet -vacuum it. If you do this regularly, it will not get very dirty. However, it is not recommended to clean the new carpet at first with a vacuum cleaner, so as not to damage the pile. It is enough to sweep it with a broom wrapped in a damp cloth. If you can not do without the use of a vacuum cleaner, drive the nozzle on the nap without putting pressure on it.
2
For deep carpet cleaning and freshnesscolor, use a special means of industrial production. The principle of most of them is the same: they dissolve the smallest particles of dirt and raise them to the surface, from where the pollution can be easily eliminated with a vacuum cleaner.
3
There are also old tested recipescarpet cleaners. To prepare one of them, take one part of the powder of pumice and table salt, mix with 6 parts of wheat flour and 0.3 alcohol. Add this amount of water to the mixture, you will get pasty thick paste.
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After the mass has solidified, cut it intoThe pieces that wipe the carpet. After that, walk on the surface with a dry brush. This product well lifts the pile, dust and refreshes the color.
5
Or use another tool. Rub on a small grater a few potatoes and pour them with water. Leave for 2-3 hours, drain the water and clean the carpet.
6
You can treat the carpet with a foam of liquid soap. To do this, spread the foam over the entire surface of the carpet, leave for a few minutes, and then remove with a brush.
7
In winter, clean the carpet with snow. Find a suitable level ground with clean snow. Put the carpet on the pile down. Several times broom dust out over the whole area. Then turn it over and clean it with snow with the same broom.
8
To remove stains from food and various liquids,resort to the help of chemical or folk remedies. To remove grease stains, soak fine wood sawdust in refined gasoline. The resulting gruel rub into a dirty place and leave for a few minutes. Then clean this area with a brush or vacuum cleaner.
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Stains from wine display with the help of washingpowder with water. Contamination from tea and coffee, wash with cold water with glycerin dissolved in it (per liter of water - a tablespoon of glycerin). Spilled mayonnaise or sauce is removed with a solution of powder and gasoline in warm water.
Tip 3: Why does the soap wash?
Try to take a fat plate and wash it undera stream of cold water. It is possible to state with full certainty that nothing will come of you from this venture. Remove the sticky oily film only if you add a little soap to the water. It consists of a variety of fat, it miraculously dissolves any dirt and makes objects sparkly-clean.
Fat, dirt and water
Most types of dirt in one way or anothercontains fat, and even if not, it is still the same dust, settling on the skin, mixed with sebum, so simply rinsing your hands with water, you can not consider them as clean. Fat does not dissolve in water. If you mix water in a glass with a small amount of vegetable oil, you can see how the liquid will split into 2 components, not wishing to have any connections with each other. You can mix to infinity, the maximum that you can achieve - an aqueous suspension of oil droplets, the so-called suspension. The picture changes dramatically, if you drop a little soap into the same glass. Three substances - water, oil and soap will be combined into one, that is, the soap will simply dissolve the fat in the water - finally and irrevocably.Principle of action of soap
This dissolution process occurs as followsway. Soap belongs to the category of so-called tensides and like many other substances it consists of many small particles - molecules. Molecules of tensides have one remarkable feature. One side of the molecule is able to attract water, while the other side pushes it away. Scientists call them, respectively, hydrophiles and hydrophobes. Hydrophobes, in turn, can attract particles of fat to themselves. In this way, a kind of chain is obtained. A water molecule is attached to the detergent particle on one side, on the other a fat molecule. That is, fat dissolves, leaving no trace behind. Will only wash away the resulting substance from a plate, hands or any other object that you had to wash.Manufacture of soap
Most of today's varietiessoap is made from vegetable or animal fats by adding alkali - potassium or sodium - in them. There is a chemical reaction, the result of which is the decomposition of fats into glycerin and salts of fatty acids. The consistency of the soap obtained depends on the length of the chains of formed detergents. If the reaction results in the formation of salts of stearic or palmitic acids, the soap will be solid. In this case it also has a meaning, which alkali was used in the production. It is known that potassium salts in the soap make it more plastic and hydroscopic, that is, liquid. But any soap, from household to cosmetic, uses the same principle of influence on dirt - it dissolves it along with fat and is safely washed off, taking with them newly acquired "friends".Tip 4: How to make a cooler
When suddenly there is a need that for a short time to keep food or drinks in the cold, cooler it's very easy to make your own hands from improvised materials found in the house. The main principle of the self-made coolera - insulation - store the internal cold from external heat, then the contents coolerbut will be safely stored chilled for several hours.
You will need
- Styrofoam
- Small plastic boxes with lid
- Antibacterial soap
- Ice
- Water
- Sealing adhesive tape
Instructions
1
Wash the plastic boxes with warm water with antibacterial soap and thoroughly dry.
2
Break the foam into small pieces - such that would fit in boxes. Foam the walls of the containers with foam.
3
Use adhesive tape to fix the foam to the sides of the container.
4
Half fill the plastic container with ice. Close the lid and shake the box so that the ice is placed in the bottom half of the box.
5
Put food and drinks on top. Make sure they are immersed in ice for a couple of centimeters - this will provide them with immobility.
6
Top up your coolerbut ice as far as possible. And close the box with the lid. The cooler is ready!
Tip 5: What is metal soap and how to use it
Not so long ago, a miracle-novelty appeared on the market -metal soap, for example, Magic soap, Savon du Chef, "Liquidator", capable of washing your hands of the unpleasant smell of food: garlic, onion, fish, etc. This is a small oval piece of stainless steel, shaped like a piece of soap, light and hollow inside. I can not believe that it can eliminate unpleasant odors, but it really is!
Instructions
1
It is important to remember that metal soap does not possesswashing, fat-dissolving and bactericidal properties - it is intended only for neutralization of an unpleasant smell from a skin of hands, therefore if it is necessary to wash dirt, it is necessary to use usual toilet soap.
2
Metal soap is made of speciala patented stainless steel alloy with a sulfur additive, and it is in this alloy that its principle of action lies: the metal reacts chemically with acids that cause unpleasant odors and neutralizes them. The shelf life of a metal soap is unlimited. You can store it on the stand, which is included in the kit, in a conventional soap dish or simply on a shelf or in a closet in the bathroom.
3
To use soap, you need to hold itin hands under the faucet - under a stream of warm water for about half a minute, and then slowly twist in the palms, imitating soaping with usual toilet soap. Washing time is 1 minute. The whole point of the procedure is precisely the contact of the wet skin of the hands with the metal. If the smell does not disappear, the washing procedure should be repeated.
4
Using a metal soap, you can not simultaneouslyuse any detergent - soap, gel, powder, etc., otherwise the desired effect will not be achieved! It should also be understood that when "lathering" no soap sensations are felt.
