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Instructions

1

Lay the victim on a flat surface. If the wound is on the limb, lift it above the level of the heart. This will reduce the intensity of bleeding by reducing the pressure in the damaged vessel.

2

Apply a pressure bandage to the bleeding wound. If there is a sterile gauze, use it. If there was no dressing at hand, a clean handkerchief would be suitable for first aid. The speed of the dressing is very important, since the venous bleeding It is dangerous not only the probability of great blood loss. A vial of air can enter through the damaged vessel. Once in the heart, it causes an air embolus, and this is deadly dangerous.

3

Fold the gauze in several layers and press firmly onto the bleeding wound.

4

Bandage the place of bleeding as much as possible. A tight bandage helps squeeze the lumens of blood vessels, which helps to stop bleeding.

5

Make sure that the dressing does not get wet. If blood seeps through the bandage, then gauze is not applied tightly enough. In this case, you need to increase the number of layers of gauze and re-bandage the wound even more tightly.

6

Pinch the wound with your fingers if you do not have bandages at hand. This will temporarily stop bleeding and prevent deterioration of the patient. If the source of bleeding is in a place inaccessible to the dressing (for example, on the neck), this measure will be the only one. It will help the victim to hold out until the doctors arrive.

7

Call an ambulance. With venous bleeding, the patient needs further medical supervision. Specialists will treat the wound and hold a special treatment that will minimize the consequences of injury and avoid complications.

You will need

• harness, belt or cloth

Instructions

1

Arterial bleeding characterizes a rich red color of blood and a largespeed, trickle or pounding in time with heart beats. To stop arterial bleeding it is necessary to impose a special hemostatic tourniquet, which is available in automotive or other specialized medical kits.

2

Replace the harness with the following materials: folded several times with a dense piece of fabric or some piece of clothing, a rubber hose, a belt, etc. It is advisable not to use ropes for this - they can damage the nerve endings and cause painful shock.

3

Before applying the tourniquet, once again assess the situation and think whether it is serious enough bleeding, since the tourniquet will prevent the flow of bloodand the necrosis of the limb can occur. Usually this measure is used for sufficiently serious damages of arterial vessels, in all other cases it is sufficient to clamp the wound with a gauze tampon.

4

With this manipulation, remember that the harnessimpose solely on clothing, before straightening it in such a way that it does not form folds, or on a fabric pad, five centimeters above the wound.

5

The tourniquet is wrapped in 2-3 turns, then paddedwand, or other similar object, make two knots and begin to tighten (tighten) until the blood stops. Here, too, the main thing is not to pull the tourniquet, otherwise limb paralysis may occur.

6

After that it is necessary to record the date and timeoverlay the tow in a 24-hour equivalent and attach to a prominent place. This bandage can not be kept longer than 1.5 - 2 hours in the summer and 45-60 minutes in the winter. If for some reason you have to keep longer, loosen the tourniquet every 15 minutes.

7

In addition, do not forget to immobilize and, if possible, "anesthetize" the patient before the arrival of medical assistance.

Instructions

1

The first aid for bleeding consists of twostages. The first stage is the stopping of bleeding, and the second is the struggle with acute anemia (which can occur due to high blood loss). The stop itself can also be of two kinds: temporary and final (it is performed only by medical personnel). So before you give first aid, call an ambulance.

2

Remember that the tourniquet can only be applied if bleeding arterial (as well as with rupture of limbs). If the upper and lower extremities are damaged, if there is no tourniquet, ensure that the injured person has maximum flexion of the limbs in the joints. With venous and capillary bleeding necessarily create an elevated position of the limbs. Also, with capillary and venous tighten the wounds (squeeze the vessels). With internal bleeding helps also the effects of high and low temperatures (often low).

3

If there is a suspicion of bleeding into the chest cavity, immediately seat the victim, do not let him eat or drink. Distinguish this bleeding it is possible by increasing dyspnea, expectoration of frothy blood, pallor of the skin. When penetrating chest injury, a sealing bandage should be applied. In the event that there is a suspicion of bleeding already in the abdominal cavity, immediately put the person on the back, put on his stomach a bubble with ice, also do not drink and do not feed.

4

Now as to the struggle with acute anemia. First, make an internal blood transfusion, that is, lay the victim, tilt his head, raise his hands and feet to maintain the blood supply to the heart, brain, liver and kidneys. In addition, you should tightly bandage the limbs (but be careful not to transmit arteries). Give the victim a generous warm drink (for example, sweet tea). However, you should remember that you should not give a drink to a person if he has a wounded abdomen, as well as a lack of consciousness and a swallowing reflex.

You will need

• - a rubber tourniquet;
• - pressing bandage;
• - Bandage.

Instructions

1

Bleeding is divided into internal andoutdoor. Depending on the damage, abundant blood can come from the veins, arteries or capillaries. The most dangerous is arterial bleeding. If the victim has a stream of pulsating scarlet blood, emergency assistance should be provided. The ambulance can not wait. Any delay can cost the life of the victim. To help, place a rubber tourniquet above the place where the blood stream strikes the key. Under the harness it is desirable to lay the fabric. If there is no harness, use a belt, rope, dense cloth. Immediately call an ambulance or take the victim to the hospital on your own car. If the path to the department of traumatology is not close, do not forget to remove the tourniquet after 2 hours in the warm season and one hour in the cold season.

2

Venous bleeding is less intense thanarterial. The blood continuously flows out of the damaged vein and has a dark color. Apply an elastic pressure bandage to the damaged area, bandage, and deliver the victim to the trauma department.

3

With capillary bleeding, it is sufficient to re-bandage the damaged area. If the damage is not strong, coagulability is not violated, it will stop on its own without additional assistance.

4

The most dangerous internal bleeding. His diagnosis can only be carried out by a doctor, as there are no external signs. However, the external appearance of the patient can be determined that he needs urgent help. The person becomes deadly pale, turns blue, becomes covered with plentiful sweat, has a very weak pulse. It is impossible to provide first aid alone, the only way out is to immediately deliver the victim to the hospital. Internal bleeding can be stopped only by a doctor. Most often, an emergency operation is required.

You will need

• - gauze;
• - bandage;
• - wadding;
• - Burn.

Instructions

1

Capillary bleeding occurs only with superficial wounds, the blood is released from the wound by drops. Since blood loss with such injuries insignificant, blood is easily stopped bythe application of a clean gauze dressing, pretreated with hydrogen peroxide. At the top of the gauze, put a layer of cotton wool and bandage it with a bandage. If at hand there is no bandage and gauze, bandage the bleeding place with a clean handkerchief. Do not use fluffy material, as this is fraught with infection of the wound (for the same reason, do not apply cotton on the open damage).

2

With deeper wounds (chopped and cut), a venous bleeding, while you can observe the abundant flow of dark red blood. A dangerous moment with this injuries - possible absorption of air into the vessels. If the air reaches the heart, death can come. Stop bleeding from the vein with a tight bandage. It acts as an oppressive factor, which presses the damaged walls of the vessels, and bleeding is terminated. If you did not have a first aid kit and a pressure bandage, and bleeding from a wound very strong, press a place of allocation of blood by fingers. With the flow of blood from the veins of the upper limb - it is enough sometimes to just raise your hand up.

3

The most dangerous of all types of bleeding -arterial, it occurs with deep chopped and chopped wounds. Arterial blood is bright red and spurts under high pressure, resulting in a complete bleeding may occur victim. Stop the blood flow to the wounded site by clamping the artery with your finger just above the injury site. But this measure is temporary. Clamp the artery until you prepare and apply a pressure bandage. In some cases it is necessary to apply a tourniquet.

4

If you do not have a tourniquet at hand, you canuse a scarf, tie, handkerchief or suspenders. Impose an improvised tourniquet immediately after getting injured slightly above bleeding. Place a tourniquet over a layer of gauze to prevent damage to nerves or skin. Correctly tied up the tourniquet completely stops the flow of blood to the injured limb, however, do not leave it for longer than two hours, as the limb may die.

5

When bleeding from the most important humanarteries - sleepy - immediately squeeze the wound with your fingers or even your fist. Then fill the wound with plenty of sterile gauze. This method of stopping blood is called tamponing. After bandaging bleeding sites, wait for the arrival of an ambulance or take the victim to a medical facility.