Cancer of the uterus: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Cancer of the uterus: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Uterine cancer is diagnosed in 75% of caseswomen in menopause, in 18% - in premenopause and only 7% - in childbearing age. In this case, cervical cancer with the same probability can occur at any age.
Main Risk Factors
Risk Factors in the Emergence of Uterine Cancerare violations of the hormonal level, diabetes, obesity. Cervical cancer develops from the glandular or flat epithelium of the cervical canal. Epidermoid dysplasia of different degrees precedes the development of a malignant tumor. Significantly, carcinoma occurs in situ, when cancer cells develop in the intercellular space of the flat epithelium and do not cross the basement membrane. Chorionepithelioma - malignant neoplasm of trophoblast. Occurs after abortion or pregnancy.
Symptoms of cancer of the uterus
At the initial stage of a malignant tumor, vaginal bleeding is disrupted. There is pain in the pelvic region, there are scarce or abundant discharge with an unpleasant odor.
With cancer of the cervix, the patients complain ofwatery leucorrhoea, spotting, pain. When gynecological examination or bimanual examination, an exophytic tumor is seen. Touching the neoplasm can cause bleeding. In the endophytic form, the appearance of the mucous membrane is observed in the region of the external pharynx.
Diagnosis of uterine cancer
As a diagnostic, a separatescraping with subsequent histological examination of the contents. The methods of hysterography, hysteroscopy and cytological examination do not give exact results.
Treatment of cancer of the uterus
The course of cancer of the uterus and cervix is aggressive. Malignant neoplasm quickly metastasizes to the liver, lungs, vagina. The earlier the pathology is revealed, the better the treatment will be. After the statement of the exact diagnosis, the woman is subjected to extrusion of the uterus, removal of the appendages. Sometimes completely remove the lymph nodes of the pelvis. After the operation, intracavitary gamma therapy, irradiation in the stump region of the vagina, is performed. Preoperative radiotherapy is effective in the third stage of uterine cancer. Progestins are assigned to stages 3 and 4 with highly differentiated tumors. Chemotherapy is effective for localized chorionepithelioma.
